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The United Kingdom's system for assigning domain names is privately run and follows some Internet standard for assignments and revocations. However, there are some internal restrictions that reflect the policy of accommodating existing domains and avoiding DNS lock up, which might occur with badly configured domain name servers. Nominet does not easily fit into definitions of a private function since it does have some public characteristics. In addition, no British counterpart to the Internet Service OC exists. The policies followed by Nominet in allocating domain names reflects conventions established prior to its existence. These policies do not appear to take into account the difficulties faced by NSI in relation to disputes between trademarks and domain names, which have led to comprehensive domain disputes. A public body is constrained in what it can do by the powers which have been conferred upon it. Governmental intervention would be justified in the event of market failure or to prevent behavior that would undermine the market and cause harmful externalities. Given the lack of a dispute-resolution mechanism within the Internet structure at present, litigants are turning to national courts for the resolution of their Internet-related disputes. An application for judicial review should be available to the Internet community. However, judicial review should also take in consideration the Internet is a new form of human organization, and regulations should reflect Internet community needs.

El trabajo de investigación propuesto tiene hace un análisis de la naturaleza jurídica del Dominio de primer nivel o país.CO a la luz del derecho administrativo colombiano y de las normas supranacionales que regulan Internet en el planeta y determinar si es o no un bien de interés público como fue definido por el Estado Colombiano, o si su definición e incorporación en el patrimonio público colombiano tan solo fue el producto de la expectativa de un gran negocio futuro. ; The research work proposed has done an analysis of the legal nature of the top-level domain or country.CO in the light of the administrative law Colombian and the supranational norms that regulate Internet on the planet and determine whether or not it is a good of public interest as defined by the Colombian State, or if its definition and incorporation into the only Colombian public patrimony was the product of the expectation of a great future business.

В статье рассматривается влияние и роль Интернета в современной политике государства. На сегодняшний день Интернет превратился в средство, с помощью которого кандидаты могут доносить свои идеи до невероятно широкой аудитории. В эпоху информационных технологий Интернет становится важным коммуникативным инструментом, широко используемым государственной властью, партиями, политическими лидерами и представителями гражданского общества в своих интересах, в том числе и в ходе предвыборных кампаний. И это вполне естественно, так как в последнее время наблюдается стабильное увеличение количества интернет-пользователей. И сегодня они составляют значительное количество избирателей. ; This article analyses the impact and the role of the Internet in the policy of modern states. Nowadays the Internet has turned into a means with the help of which candidates can transmit their ideas to an incredibly wide audience. In the age of information technologies the Internet is becoming an important communicative tool widely used by the governmental powers, political parties and leaders, and by representatives of the civil community in their interests including election campaigns. It is quite natural as recently there has been a stable increase in the number of Internet users and today they already constitute a significant number of electors.

'Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage der Repräsentativität von offline rekrutierten Access Panels. Nach idealtypischer Vorstellung sollten solche Panels für die Internet-Nutzer repräsentative Ergebnisse liefern. Verglichen wird eine Umfrage, die auf einem Access Panel basiert, mit einer persönlichen Repräsentativ-Befragung der deutschen Bevölkerung, die zeitgleich durchgeführt wurde und aus der für die Zwecke des Vergleichs nur die Internet-Nutzer ausgewählt wurden. In beiden Fällen sollte es sich um repräsentative Befragungen deutscher Internet-Nutzer handeln. Tatsächlich weichen die Ergebnisse der beiden Umfragen aber (teilweise deutlich) voneinander ab. Dies betrifft sowohl soziodemografische Variablen, aber auch Fragen der Internet-Nutzung sowie politische Einstellungen. Praktisch bedeuten die Ergebnisse, dass Online-Umfragen auf Basis von Access Panels nicht zwangsläufig Ergebnisse liefern, die Repräsentativität für alle Internet-Nutzer für sich beanspruchen können. Ihre Einsatzmöglichkeit in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis (und darüber hinaus) schränkt dies deutlich ein.' (Autorenreferat)

在網絡上,資訊技術及其使用改革了版權作品的使用方式。因特網根本性改變了版權市場。本文試圖論證,中國內地法律必須給予資訊技術足夠的發展空間,同時不能不合理地損害版權所有人的利益。 ; 本文認爲,在中國版權立法和適用中,版權功利主義理論起著根本性作用。根據功利主義,版權法的目標是促使社會文明的最大化發展。而且中國政府必須發展數字經濟,且須保證其版權法合理地促使網絡中間商運行和投資中國數字經濟。中國版權法需爲資訊技術提供足夠的發展空間。 ; 基於為資訊技術發展尋求足夠發展空間的目的,本文分析了Sony案抗辯,通知-删除避風港,誘導侵權和合理使用。中國必須合理解釋中國現有制度,從而避免給網絡中間商加以不合理的責任。關於版權侵權抗辯,中國應該引入美國的 Sony抗辯,作為衡量是否侵犯版權的一個因素。且避風港保護的範圍應該被擴展至包含所有網路中間商,以保證未來技術的未知發展擁有足夠的呼吸空間。而且,至少,中國應該採用某些善意轉換性使用的窮盡式合理使用抗辯,以促進現有技術的運行。且更合適的是,採用非窮盡式的合理使用抗辯,其範圍包括所有對社會有用的網路中間服務的必須運營活動,並通過確保資訊技術發展的方式。 ; 一個好的法律框架可以對人類的進步有著積極的影響,不然它會對社會發展起著阻礙作用。我們需要的法律框架應該同時促進版權和信息傳播技術的發展。這意味著,在保證版權産業正常運行的同時,該法律框架應爲技術發展提供肥沃的成長土壤。 ; Information technology and its usage on the internet have revolutionized the way in which various copyrighted works are captured, stored, copied and distributed. By expanding the breadth, diversity and sheer number of copyrighted works in existence, the internet has fundamentally changed the nature of copyright markets. ; This thesis attempts to argue that the laws in Mainland China should reserve enough space for information technologies to develop, without unreasonably prejudicing the interests of copyright holders. ; This thesis contends that the utilitarian justification for copyright plays an underlying role in both Chinese copyright legislation and judicial application. Under the utilitarian model in China, fostering a maximization of culture development is the aim of the copyright law. As such, in the era of information overload, the Chinese government should aim to develop the Digital Economy. In order to achieve this aim, it needs to start by ensuring that its copyright law appropriately enables Internet Intermediaries to operate and to invest in creating Chinese Digital Economy. Copyright law in China needs to create room to move. ; This thesis examines Sony defense, notice-and-take-down safe harbors, inducement liability and fair use, for the purpose of seeking enough space for information technology development. The existing rules in China, e.g. inducement liability, should be interpreted as ...

Cover -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Security: Outfitting Yourself Online -- Basic Cyber Hygiene -- Anti-Doxing Services -- Preserving your physical safety -- TL -- DR (for the uninitiated, internet-speak for "too long -- didn't read") -- 2 Adversity: Enduring Trolls -- What do trolls want? -- Troll Safari -- Dealing with Trolls -- TL -- DR -- 3 Policy: Making it Work for You -- Muting, Blocking, and Reporting -- Other features to make social media less awful -- Public Support and Solidarity Campaigns -- Making Your Case: Law Enforcement -- TL -- DR -- 4 Community: Cultivating a Circle of Solidarity -- Getting help from family and friends -- Building women-friendly online environments -- Asking for help from your employers -- An Ode to Therapy -- TL -- DR -- 5 Tenacity: Speaking Up and Fighting Back -- Further Reading -- Resources -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Notes -- Index.

This study examines the extent and causes of inequalities in information technology (IT) ownership and use between natives and immigrants in the U.S., focusing on the role of English ability. The results indicate that, during the period 1997-2003, immigrants were significantly less likely to have access to or use a computer and the Internet. Moreover, the gap in IT usage widened during that period. Immigrants (and natives) who live in Spanish-speaking households are less likely than individuals living in English-speaking households to have access to or use IT. Estimates using a measure of predicted English ability show that English ability is positively associated with IT access and use. The results suggest that much of the immigrant-native gap in IT usage is attributable to differences in English ability. -- Information technology ; immigrants ; English ability

At their patron saints' annual fiestas, the Maya and the Ladinos of western highland Guatemala perform dances in costumes that take their inspiration from film, television, music, and the Internet. The two groups adapt the costume dance to their own interests, and the tension between them is evident in the different types of costumes they rent and purchase. Ladino costumes distinguish their wearers as modern consumers, while K'iche' costumes stress communitas, adding to the borrowed images to connect with indigenous forms of subsistence and lifestyle and to allow comment on proper forms of behavior and on social ills. The costume makers act as cultural intermediaries, producing both the context and the meaning of the dances and enabling performers and spectators alike to construct different identities through them. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

"Farmville ist eines der beliebtesten Spiele auf Facebook und hat durch seinen Erfolg das Phänomen des 'Social Casual Gaming' in den Blickpunkt des Interesses gerückt. Die verschiedenen Erklärungsansätze zum Erfolg von Farmville behandeln im Wesentlichen die drei Aspekte soziale Beziehungen, Spielerfahrung und 'Casual Gaming'. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die Begründungen zum Erfolg von Farmville in der Literatur in Form von zehn Thesen zusammen und beleuchtet diese kritisch. Er zeigt zudem die Lücken bisheriger Forschung in Bezug auf die Beachtung der Perspektive der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer auf. Es wird so der zukünftigen Erforschung des Phänomens Farmville und Social Casual Gaming eine theoretische Grundlage zur Verfügung gestellt. Die bisherigen Erklärungsmodelle gehen davon aus, dass Spiele wie Farmville die Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Interaktionen erfordern und so als Fokuspunkte des Interesses und Zusammenkommens neuartiger 'Stämme' im Internet dienen. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen die Spiele - durch geschickte Designstrategien beförderte - kurzfristige Erlebnisse der eigenen Selbstwirksamkeit und ein unkompliziertes Eingliedern des Spielens 'nebenher' in den Alltag der Nutzenden. Der Tatsache, dass aus den Nutzungsstatistiken hervorgeht, dass die größte Gruppe der Spieler von Farmville weiblich und im Alter über 35 Jahren ist, ist in dieser Theoretisierung wenig beachtet worden. Gerade eine Betrachtung des Nutzungsalltags dieser Spielerinnen könnte jedoch erklären, welche Aspekte der Ermöglichung sozialer Beziehungen, des Spielerlebens und des Spielens 'nebenher' Social Casual Games so attraktiv machen." (Autorenreferat)

Sport played a significant part in the growth of television, especially during its emergence as a dominant global medium between 1960 and 1980. In turn, television, together with commercial sponsorship, transformed sport, bringing it significant new income and prompting changes in rules, presentation, and cultural form. Increasingly, from the 1970s, it was not the regular weekly sport that commanded the largest audiences but, rather, the occasional major events, such as the Olympic Games and football's World Cup. In the past two decades, deregulation and digitalization have expanded the number of channels, but this fragmentation, combined with the growth of the Internet, has meant that the era in which shared domestic leisure was dominated by viewing of the major channels is closing. Yet, sport provides an exception, an instance when around the world millions share a live and unpredictable viewing experience.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- 1 Introduction: Information Technology and World Politics-The Growing Connection -- Part One: Information Technology and the "Global Village -- 2 Stateless Nations: "I Pledge Allegiance To … ? -- 3 Come Together? Debunking the Myth of the Internet and the Global Village -- 4 Subnational Groups and the Internet: An Irritant to Globalization, Not a Threat -- 5 The International Security Implications of Internet Use Via Satellite -- Part Two: Information Technology, Freedom, and Civil Society-Case Studies -- 6 Fujimori Meets Cabinas Publicas: The Internet, Journalism, and Democracy in Peru -- 7 Beyond the Internet: Democracy on the Phone? -- 8 China, Democracy, and the Internet -- 9 The Internet and the Evolution of Civil Society in Iran -- Part Three: The Internet and Economic Development -- 10 From Tea Sheds to Cyber Cafes: Could an Internet-Driven Modernization Strategy Succeed in India? -- 11 Brain Drain: An Unintended Consequence of Wiring Brazil? -- 12 www.AfricanOpportunity.com -- About the Authors -- Index.