Defence date: 26 January 2021 ; Examining board: Professor Regina Grafe (European University Institute); Professor Luca Molà (University of Warwick); Professor Carmen Sanz Ayán (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); Professor Manuel Herrero Sánchez (Universidad Pablo de Olavide) ; This doctoral thesis analyses the process of state construction in the early modern period from a joint perspective that amalgamates the agencies of state officials, lending communities, and local elites in the Hispanic Monarchy during the four initial years of Philip II's reign. The project examines the convergence of private agendas inside and outside the royal administration, which were channelled by the Genoese lending community to overcome the consolidation of royal short-term debt in 1557 and its consequences. The application of an institutional approach, based on the works of Avner Greif, to the analysis of the social organisations that prevented a failure of coordination in the Hispanic Monarchy offers a fresh perspective on a topic normally assessed under predatory models. The specific study of two Genoese lenders who contributed to the establishment of a more viable and efficient financial system in the monarchy, Costantin Gentil and Nicolao de Grimaldo, provides details about how interregional transactions and local economies contributed to the consolidation of the early modern state.
1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains woodcut initial showing Neptune with two seahorses. ; Other title information from first six lines of text. ; Date of publication supplied from STC (2nd ed.). ; Geuen at our pallaice of Westminster the ix. daye of June the third and fourth yeares of our Reygnes." ; "Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.
2 leaves. ; Requiring compliance to 31-year patent to F. Nichols for inspection of tobacco. ; Caption title. ; Imprint from colophon. ; Last complete line of sheet 2 ends "the". ; "Giuen at Theobalds the tenth day of Nouember, in the seuenteenth yeere of Our Reigne of Great Britaine, France and Ireland." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.
APPROVED ; Interpretations of the period following the disintegration of the Carolingian empire in Western Europe at the end of the ninth century have long divided historians, between those who believe a violent rupture in political and social structures took place around the year 1000 and those who argue for an essential continuity. This thesis aims to transcend these debates, by approaching medieval society through a case-study in the Loire valley region relying on two fresh methodological insights. Firstly, it will investigate changes in the economic structures which provided society's material base; secondly, it will analyse how those ?lites claimed, performed and maintained their status. Based on these two approaches, the thesis explores changing patterns of ?lite behaviour in order to better understand the social and economic changes which took place from the late ninth century onwards. The thesis examines the effects of shifting landholding patterns, the emergence of seigneurial customs, changing attitudes to church patronage and lay violence, and the methods by which ?lites were identified in documents, to establish their implications for the ways by which ?lites could claim and maintain their status. It concludes that there was a significant and fundamental transformation of social and economic structures, beginning in the middle of the tenth century, in the middle Loire valley, although the pace of change is slower than would be appropriate for a 'Feudal Revolution'. Nevertheless, the breakdown of the Carolingian political order unleashed a wave of competition amongst local and regional ?lites, which saw them innovate and adapt the heritage of Carolingian culture to create a new, 'feudal' social order. This was fuelled by the changes in economic structures which provided ?lites with more wealth to promote their own status; the competition for status in turn fuelled ?lites' need for more wealth and their incentive for economic expansion.
Based on two studies with Bosniak and Croatian students in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this paper analyzes the effects of religiosity on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation. Both Christianity and Islam advance forgiveness and reconciliation as one of the major moral imperatives. Previous studies also indicate that religiosity can increase readiness to grant forgiveness on the inter-personal level and facilitate rapprochement. When it comes to inter-group level, prescripts of religious piety often conflict with norms of group solidarity and care. Another set of research suggests that religion obstructs conflict transformation due to the dogmatic reasoning it promotes, including reframing of immanent disputes in transcendental (and thus non-negotiable) terms. This study initially tested whether adding religious symbols to conflict narratives impacts prosocial attitudes of respondents and came with negative results. In other words, adding religious codes to already known narratives about conflicts did not have a significant impact on participants' attitudes. In a subsequent SEM analysis, it was found that religiosity in both groups is strongly correlated with group-centricity, which negatively mediates its relationship with both forgiveness and reconciliation. We conclude that collectivistic forms of religiosity that privilege ingroup solidarity might have negative effects on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings.
Based on two studies with Bosniak and Croatian students in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this paper analyzes the effects of religiosity on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation. Both Christianity and Islam advance forgiveness and reconciliation as one of the major moral imperatives. Previous studies also indicate that religiosity can increase readiness to grant forgiveness on the inter-personal level and facilitate rapprochement. When it comes to inter-group level, prescripts of religious piety often conflict with norms of group solidarity and care. Another set of research suggests that religion obstructs conflict transformation due to the dogmatic reasoning it promotes, including reframing of immanent disputes in transcendental (and thus non-negotiable) terms. This study initially tested whether adding religious symbols to conflict narratives impacts prosocial attitudes of respondents and came with negative results. In other words, adding religious codes to already known narratives about conflicts did not have a significant impact on participants' attitudes. In a subsequent SEM analysis, it was found that religiosity in both groups is strongly correlated with group-centricity, which negatively mediates its relationship with both forgiveness and reconciliation. We conclude that collectivistic forms of religiosity that privilege ingroup solidarity might have negative effects on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings.
Contemporary leather binding in poor condition, with gilted spine . ; Book dealers label inside front cover: Marks & Co., Antiquarian Booksellers, 84 Charing Cross Rd., London, W.C. 2. ; Irregularities in pagination: p. 430 and 431 numbered 422 and 423 respectively. ; On verso of first fly-leaf a ms. signature in ink: "G. P.(?) Boyer, April 9, 1881" ; on verso of t.p. ms. note in different hand: "Siempre ellmismo. Hop with patiente. H. Groot." ; Includes portrait of Georgette de Montenay with emblem by Pierre Woeiriot. ; "Rhythmis gallicis elegantissimis primùm conscripta, figuris aeneis incisa, & ad instar Albi amicorum exhibita, . et nunc interpretatione Metrica, Latina, Hispanica, Italica, Germanica, Anglica & Belgica, donata." ; Title within engraved, ornamental border. ; Signatures: A-2E8. ; Praz ; McGeary & Nash. Emblem books at the University of Illinois, ; Mode of access: Internet.
Colophon: Excusum Londini in aedibus Iohannis Cavvodi tipographi Regiae Maiestatis. Anno M.D.L.V. ; Title within ornamental border. ; At foot of t.p.: Cumpriullegio Regiae Maiestatis. ; Errors in foliation. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Signatures: 5 leaves unsigned, a-z⁶, aa-dd⁶; A-Z⁶, Aa-Cc⁶, Dd⁴ [Dd4 missing], Ee-Gg⁶, A-D⁴, E⁶ [E6 missing], F⁶, G²; [A]-N⁴, O²; 2 unsigned leaves, A-Q²; [H]-S⁶, T⁴ ; Item 5 of contents bound after the added titles listed below; has special t.p. with title: De verborum significatione the exposition of the termes and difficill vvordes, conteined in the fovre bvikes of Regiam Majestatem, and vthers, in the Actes of parliament, Infeftments, and vsed in practicque of this realme, with diuerse rules, and commoun places, or principalles of the lawes : collected and exponed be M. John Skene ; Item 6 of contents missing; never printed? cf. J.F.K. Johnstone. Bibliographia aberdonensis, 1929. p.101 ; Leaves 46 and 74 of 1st group are blank; two additional blank leaves (25 of 1st group and 160 of 2d group) are missing ; Missing added t.p. (engraved) ; Missing folded genealogical chart, titled The race of the Kings of Scotland, since Malcolme the second, Kenneth the thirds sonne ; Title vignette (coat of arms); ornamental border at head of title; head-pieces; initials ; Latin dedication signed: Johannes Skene ; The first leaf contains explanatory verses ; The 1647 Lavves and acts of Parliament. is [2], 105, [1] p. and OCLC 20111617; The XXIII Parliament. is [2], 34 leaves and OCLC 10135460 ; "1. The actes of Parliament, maid be King Iames the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Queene Marie, and King Iames the Sext, now presently reignand. 2. Ane large table and repertour of al speciall maters and heades conteined in the saids actes. 3. Ane chronologie of all the kings of Scotland from the beginning. 4. Ane almanack for the space of fiftie zeires, of the moueable feastes, and other partes of the kalendar. 5. The interpretation of the termes and difficill words vsed in the foure buiks of Regiam maiestatem and vthers, in infeftments and practicque of this realme. 6. Ane catalogue of the buikes conteinand the auld lawes written before King Iames the First of gud memorie."--4th prelim.leaf
Signatures: 5 leaves unsigned, a-z⁶, aa-dd⁶; A-Z⁶, Aa-Cc⁶, Dd⁴ [Dd4 missing], Ee-Gg⁶, A-D⁴, E⁶ [E6 missing], F⁶, G²; [A]-N⁴, O²; 2 unsigned leaves, A-Q²; [H]-S⁶, T⁴ ; Item 5 of contents bound after the added titles listed below; has special t.p. with title: De verborum significatione the exposition of the termes and difficill vvordes, conteined in the fovre bvikes of Regiam Majestatem, and vthers, in the Actes of parliament, Infeftments, and vsed in practicque of this realme, with diuerse rules, and commoun places, or principalles of the lawes : collected and exponed be M. John Skene ; Item 6 of contents missing; never printed? cf. J.F.K. Johnstone. Bibliographia aberdonensis, 1929. p.101 ; Leaves 46 and 74 of 1st group are blank; two additional blank leaves (25 of 1st group and 160 of 2d group) are missing ; Missing added t.p. (engraved) ; Missing folded genealogical chart, titled The race of the Kings of Scotland, since Malcolme the second, Kenneth the thirds sonne ; Title vignette (coat of arms); ornamental border at head of title; head-pieces; initials ; Latin dedication signed: Johannes Skene ; The first leaf contains explanatory verses ; The 1647 Lavves and acts of Parliament. is [2], 105, [1] p. and OCLC 20111617; The XXIII Parliament. is [2], 34 leaves and OCLC 10135460 ; "1. The actes of Parliament, maid be King Iames the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Queene Marie, and King Iames the Sext, now presently reignand. 2. Ane large table and repertour of al speciall maters and heades conteined in the saids actes. 3. Ane chronologie of all the kings of Scotland from the beginning. 4. Ane almanack for the space of fiftie zeires, of the moueable feastes, and other partes of the kalendar. 5. The interpretation of the termes and difficill words vsed in the foure buiks of Regiam maiestatem and vthers, in infeftments and practicque of this realme. 6. Ane catalogue of the buikes conteinand the auld lawes written before King Iames the First of gud memorie."--4th prelim.leaf
Text begins: The Queens most Excellent Majesty considering how within these few years past, and now of late, certain seditious and evil disposed persons towards her Majesty, and the Government established for causes Ecclesiastical within her Majesties Dominions, have devised, written, printed or caused to be seditiously and secretly published and dispersed, sundry schismatical and seditious books, diffamatory libels, and other phantastical writings amongst her Majesties subjects containing in them doctrine very erroneous, and other matters notoriously untrue, and slanderous to the State, and against the godly reformation of religion and government ecclesiatical established by law . ; Pages numbered 173, 174. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Background Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. Objectives To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. Methods Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. Results The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. Conclusions This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes. ; This study was funded by Grants from EU (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5–1); Spain: ISCIII (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/00090, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02187, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, PI18/01142 and PI19/1338; Miguel Servet FEDER MS15/00025, MS20/0006, CPII16/00051, and FIS-FSE: 17/ 00260); CIBERESP; Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15–230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), AICO/2020/285, and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017; Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241; Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089 and 2015111065); Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001 and DFG15/221). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023" Programme (CEX2018000806-S), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Programme, as well as the municipalities in the study area. ; Peer reviewed
1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Brief for 21-year collections in Wales on behalf of hospitals in and about London and Oriel College, Oxford. ; Imprint from STC. ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
This research was funded by the ERDF project "Smart Metal Oxide Nanocoatings and HIPIMS Technology", project number: 1.1.1.1/18/A/073. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART². ; Layered 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have recently gained a great deal of scientific attention due to their unique properties and prospective applications in various fields such as electronics and optoelectronics, sensors and energy. As a direct bandgap semiconductor in both bulk and monolayer forms, ReS2 stands out for its unique distorted octahedral structure that results in distinctive anisotropic physical properties; however, only a few scalable synthesis methods for few-layer ReS2 have been proposed thus far. Here, the growth of high-quality few-layer ReS2 is demonstrated via sulfurization of a pre-deposited rhenium oxide coating on different semiconductor material nanowires (GaN, ZnS, ZnO). As-produced core-shell heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Experimental characterizations were supported by total energy calculations of the electronic structure of ReS2 nanosheets and GaN, ZnS, and ZnO substrates. Our results demonstrate the potential of using nanowires as a template for the growth of layered vdW materials to create novel core-shell heterostructures for energy applications involving photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ; ERDF project number: 1.1.1.1/18/A/073. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART².
Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M ; Food self-sufficiency is a relevant political issue in many countries, developed and developing, particularly to satisfy the internal nutritional needs of the population and face situations in which the prices of basic products are unstable or when a country faces an external shock. Improving resilience involves strengthening local rural communities to meet demand with domestic production. The member countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LCN) produce enough food to sustain their population and to be one of the world's largest food exporters. From the theoretical discussion and using data from FAO, the research shows that there is a potential to improve food sovereignty and to define food and agricultural policies through agricultural complementarity among the LCN countries. Diverting part of the current trade with third parties to intraregional trade, for products in which the region has a comparative advantage, would mean that LCN countries could save up to 2.7 billion dollars per year, that is, 6.8%of total imports of food in 2018, avoiding the outflow of foreign currency and promoting greater economic integration between countries.
