The article raises the question how the attitude towards religion is influenced by the changes of relation with the meaning of matters which are ascribed to religion. With reference to M. Heidegger the peculiarity of public opinion is being disclosed. The author states that secularization functions as a machinery which appropriates any meaning: the public opinion appropriates religion, reduces it to political, economical or criminal dimensions, to that of cultural heritage, so religion assumes its essence and reality in these dimensions. The author demonstrates that public interpretation functions as an unmasking machinery which strengthens that reduction and appropriation of meaning. The analysis of religion in the context of globalization shows that there is some tendency to localization of religious meaning: the religious communities tend to direct towards the radicalism and isolation.
The article raises the question how the attitude towards religion is influenced by the changes of relation with the meaning of matters which are ascribed to religion. With reference to M. Heidegger the peculiarity of public opinion is being disclosed. The author states that secularization functions as a machinery which appropriates any meaning: the public opinion appropriates religion, reduces it to political, economical or criminal dimensions, to that of cultural heritage, so religion assumes its essence and reality in these dimensions. The author demonstrates that public interpretation functions as an unmasking machinery which strengthens that reduction and appropriation of meaning. The analysis of religion in the context of globalization shows that there is some tendency to localization of religious meaning: the religious communities tend to direct towards the radicalism and isolation.
The article raises the question how the attitude towards religion is influenced by the changes of relation with the meaning of matters which are ascribed to religion. With reference to M. Heidegger the peculiarity of public opinion is being disclosed. The author states that secularization functions as a machinery which appropriates any meaning: the public opinion appropriates religion, reduces it to political, economical or criminal dimensions, to that of cultural heritage, so religion assumes its essence and reality in these dimensions. The author demonstrates that public interpretation functions as an unmasking machinery which strengthens that reduction and appropriation of meaning. The analysis of religion in the context of globalization shows that there is some tendency to localization of religious meaning: the religious communities tend to direct towards the radicalism and isolation.
The article raises the question how the attitude towards religion is influenced by the changes of relation with the meaning of matters which are ascribed to religion. With reference to M. Heidegger the peculiarity of public opinion is being disclosed. The author states that secularization functions as a machinery which appropriates any meaning: the public opinion appropriates religion, reduces it to political, economical or criminal dimensions, to that of cultural heritage, so religion assumes its essence and reality in these dimensions. The author demonstrates that public interpretation functions as an unmasking machinery which strengthens that reduction and appropriation of meaning. The analysis of religion in the context of globalization shows that there is some tendency to localization of religious meaning: the religious communities tend to direct towards the radicalism and isolation.
This paper focuses on a new institute of construction law, i.e., construction under illegally issued construction permit, practical elimination of the consequences and assessment of compatibility between legal regulation established by this institute and the principle of power separation. The paper defines conditions for elimination of consequences at the expense of innocent party and reveals implementation problems related to elimination of consequences at the expense of the guilty party. The author established a mismatch between the existing legal regulation and the case–law and made suggestions on amendments to the law. The study aimed to see whether the obligation of court to take into account specific criteria in a judgement on the fate of a building was in line with the Constitution. Application of legal norms in the spirit of legal positivism and creative (thoughtful) interpretation of law were analysed for the purpose. Constitutional jurisprudence in legal regulations existing this area of law was also reviewed. Theoretical and practical analysis of case–law lead to a conclusion of potential breach of the principle of separation of powers. The study proves that there is only a thin line between creative (thoughtful) interpretation and legislation. Therefore the study is significant as an attempt to assess constitutional compliance of established legal regulation as well as ensure stable legal relations.
This paper focuses on a new institute of construction law, i.e., construction under illegally issued construction permit, practical elimination of the consequences and assessment of compatibility between legal regulation established by this institute and the principle of power separation. The paper defines conditions for elimination of consequences at the expense of innocent party and reveals implementation problems related to elimination of consequences at the expense of the guilty party. The author established a mismatch between the existing legal regulation and the case–law and made suggestions on amendments to the law. The study aimed to see whether the obligation of court to take into account specific criteria in a judgement on the fate of a building was in line with the Constitution. Application of legal norms in the spirit of legal positivism and creative (thoughtful) interpretation of law were analysed for the purpose. Constitutional jurisprudence in legal regulations existing this area of law was also reviewed. Theoretical and practical analysis of case–law lead to a conclusion of potential breach of the principle of separation of powers. The study proves that there is only a thin line between creative (thoughtful) interpretation and legislation. Therefore the study is significant as an attempt to assess constitutional compliance of established legal regulation as well as ensure stable legal relations.
Secularization of economy, development of European Union, overproduction of construction business in European Union countrys, integration to common market of European Union force the heads and owners of construction companies reach new goals. Varied external environment shifts the internal environment of construction company, so reaching new goals and the rise of new strategies are necessitated by thies changes. The object of this work scientific research is creating the model of strategic management. The aim of this work is to analyse the modelling of strategic management in construction integrating to European Union and estimate business perspectives in varied external environment. The work was completed using thies methods of scientific research: statistical analysis; SWOT analysis; modelling. Theoretical work's results: 1. Theoretical foundation of strategic management was analyzed. 2. The structure of SWOT analysis was presented. 3. The versions of strategic management models were analysed. 4. Analysis of research results was elaborated. Practical work's results: 1. The analysis of external environment business partners was done. 2. The activity and management structure of construction company ELIDONAS and the directions for the company development were analysed. 3. The evaluation of internal and external environment of the company was performed and the SWOT analysis was provided. 4. The management of risky decisions in construction process was analyzed and the analysis of risky decisions – ANTISWOT in construction company ELIDONAS was performed. 5. The model of strategic management in company ELIDONAS was projected. 6. The realization perspectives of SWOT analysis results were analysed. The plan of strategic management in company ELIDONAS was elaborated and prognosis of the goals tree was presented.
Secularization of economy, development of European Union, overproduction of construction business in European Union countrys, integration to common market of European Union force the heads and owners of construction companies reach new goals. Varied external environment shifts the internal environment of construction company, so reaching new goals and the rise of new strategies are necessitated by thies changes. The object of this work scientific research is creating the model of strategic management. The aim of this work is to analyse the modelling of strategic management in construction integrating to European Union and estimate business perspectives in varied external environment. The work was completed using thies methods of scientific research: statistical analysis; SWOT analysis; modelling. Theoretical work's results: 1. Theoretical foundation of strategic management was analyzed. 2. The structure of SWOT analysis was presented. 3. The versions of strategic management models were analysed. 4. Analysis of research results was elaborated. Practical work's results: 1. The analysis of external environment business partners was done. 2. The activity and management structure of construction company ELIDONAS and the directions for the company development were analysed. 3. The evaluation of internal and external environment of the company was performed and the SWOT analysis was provided. 4. The management of risky decisions in construction process was analyzed and the analysis of risky decisions – ANTISWOT in construction company ELIDONAS was performed. 5. The model of strategic management in company ELIDONAS was projected. 6. The realization perspectives of SWOT analysis results were analysed. The plan of strategic management in company ELIDONAS was elaborated and prognosis of the goals tree was presented.
The special attention is given for the construction as one of the branches of human economic activities, rapidly modifying the living environment in quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this work construction is evaluated by taking into consideration principles of sustainability. In order to successfully integrate into the European Union changes of infrastructure planning and development are required, it is necessary to improve the quality of life and environment. Country policy, as well as sustainable construction issues, must be adequate to the European countries. In recent years the great attention is paid for the sustainable construction including the use of compressed straw not only in the popular literature: newspapers, magazines, but also in the scientific literature. Not only articles are written, but books as well. Scientific researches are performed in the issues of renewable construction material use as well as the dissertations are prepared. Taking this into consideration it can be stated that Lithuania will establish a state construction policy based on sustainable development criteria. However, at the moment in an attempt of sustainability in the sphere of construction industry, we have to follow general environmental, political and legal documents declaring the ideas of sustainable development. In Lithuania the possibilities of sustainable construction expansion have not been evaluated. Master thesis consists of five chapters, conclusions and suggestions and the list of used literature sources. The first chapter analyses the concept of sustainable development and its evolution. In the second one – the impact of construction sector on the environment. In the third and fourth chapters the sustainable construction is analysed, the information about straw houses, as possibly most modern ones, is provided. In the fifth chapter the evaluation of sustainable construction expansion possibilities is performed, the attitude of society and experts towards the expansion of sustainable construction is found out. During the research questionnaires were completed, also the methods of scientific literature and statistical data analysis were applied. While performing the analysis, pressed straw as the construction material was overviewd under the essential requirements for the buildings defined in the Law on Construction of Lithuania. Work results, conclusions and suggestions are useful while solving the development problems of Lithuanian cities, residential areas. Analysed and evaluated possibilities of sustainable construction expansion in Lithuania will allow popularizing and stimulating this construction, take into account the consideration of natural resources and energy, reduction of environment pollution. This can give people the possibility to live and to work and to satisfy their social and cultural needs, without infringing the environment balance.
The special attention is given for the construction as one of the branches of human economic activities, rapidly modifying the living environment in quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this work construction is evaluated by taking into consideration principles of sustainability. In order to successfully integrate into the European Union changes of infrastructure planning and development are required, it is necessary to improve the quality of life and environment. Country policy, as well as sustainable construction issues, must be adequate to the European countries. In recent years the great attention is paid for the sustainable construction including the use of compressed straw not only in the popular literature: newspapers, magazines, but also in the scientific literature. Not only articles are written, but books as well. Scientific researches are performed in the issues of renewable construction material use as well as the dissertations are prepared. Taking this into consideration it can be stated that Lithuania will establish a state construction policy based on sustainable development criteria. However, at the moment in an attempt of sustainability in the sphere of construction industry, we have to follow general environmental, political and legal documents declaring the ideas of sustainable development. In Lithuania the possibilities of sustainable construction expansion have not been evaluated. Master thesis consists of five chapters, conclusions and suggestions and the list of used literature sources. The first chapter analyses the concept of sustainable development and its evolution. In the second one – the impact of construction sector on the environment. In the third and fourth chapters the sustainable construction is analysed, the information about straw houses, as possibly most modern ones, is provided. In the fifth chapter the evaluation of sustainable construction expansion possibilities is performed, the attitude of society and experts towards the expansion of sustainable construction is found out. During the research questionnaires were completed, also the methods of scientific literature and statistical data analysis were applied. While performing the analysis, pressed straw as the construction material was overviewd under the essential requirements for the buildings defined in the Law on Construction of Lithuania. Work results, conclusions and suggestions are useful while solving the development problems of Lithuanian cities, residential areas. Analysed and evaluated possibilities of sustainable construction expansion in Lithuania will allow popularizing and stimulating this construction, take into account the consideration of natural resources and energy, reduction of environment pollution. This can give people the possibility to live and to work and to satisfy their social and cultural needs, without infringing the environment balance.
This Master's thesis deals with the issue of perspectives of applying mediation in construction disputes. By applying various methods (literature analysis, empirical research and others) the concept of construction disputes, their causes, the characteristics of the parties to these disputes (entrepreneur, consumer, public administration entity) and the advantages and disadvantages of mediation as a possible solution are clarified. Other possible ways of resolving construction disputes are discussed and compared with mediation. Results of empirical research in Lithuania are analyzed. It is identified that mediation is not a popular construction dispute resolution method in Lithuania and the means by which mediation could be promoted (publicity, contract clause, compulsory enforcement) are being considered. Mediation quality improvement (mediator's competence, mediation style) and its influence on the popularity of mediation as a method of construction disputes are analyzed.
This master thesis analises the dynamics of interpretation of law and public values balanse. Interpretation of law is an important process, because it is the process, where natural law is identified from a legal text. Interpretation of law differs from formal logical actions, because the structure of law includes legal principles and legal norms. Legal principles express certain public values. It is hard to define relation between law and public values, because legal theory doesn't have homologous conception of public values. Interpretation of law appeals to public values, but the perception of it is subjective at the first look, and it is rather hard to deny that statement. It determines confrontation between positive and natural law and that sets a task to define borders of law. But the law cannot be defined as a closed system, because the size of law is constantly changing. It is determined by various categories beyond the law. Law allows identifying itself by using categories that are formally beyond positive law. Law regulates conception of these categories in the area of law by elimination of subjectivity in its interpretation. Commonly critique is pointed to indetermination of legal interpretation process. Public values are a common category, which arise from the society and are evaluated, balanced, objectivised by law as ultima ratio implement regulation of social life. Obligation to do social justice induces judges to evaluate positive law. Backwardness in legislation in the sense of constantly changing social life precludes judge to state the unity of law form and content. Balancing of public values allows protecting underlying public values, which are identified from Constitution. Balancing of public values allows to retain legitimacy of law. In the works of legal positivists the emphasized risk to change regulation of legislator intention is not fairly reasoned. Author emphasizes in this master thesis that the analysis of recent legal practice verificates that law cannot be defined only as a legal text and that a wide-ranging judicial discretion does not determine high risk to emerge manipuliation of legal interpretation methods on subjective purposes, which sometimes coincide with objective purposes of state and society.
This master thesis analises the dynamics of interpretation of law and public values balanse. Interpretation of law is an important process, because it is the process, where natural law is identified from a legal text. Interpretation of law differs from formal logical actions, because the structure of law includes legal principles and legal norms. Legal principles express certain public values. It is hard to define relation between law and public values, because legal theory doesn't have homologous conception of public values. Interpretation of law appeals to public values, but the perception of it is subjective at the first look, and it is rather hard to deny that statement. It determines confrontation between positive and natural law and that sets a task to define borders of law. But the law cannot be defined as a closed system, because the size of law is constantly changing. It is determined by various categories beyond the law. Law allows identifying itself by using categories that are formally beyond positive law. Law regulates conception of these categories in the area of law by elimination of subjectivity in its interpretation. Commonly critique is pointed to indetermination of legal interpretation process. Public values are a common category, which arise from the society and are evaluated, balanced, objectivised by law as ultima ratio implement regulation of social life. Obligation to do social justice induces judges to evaluate positive law. Backwardness in legislation in the sense of constantly changing social life precludes judge to state the unity of law form and content. Balancing of public values allows protecting underlying public values, which are identified from Constitution. Balancing of public values allows to retain legitimacy of law. In the works of legal positivists the emphasized risk to change regulation of legislator intention is not fairly reasoned. Author emphasizes in this master thesis that the analysis of recent legal practice verificates that law cannot be defined only as a legal text and that a wide-ranging judicial discretion does not determine high risk to emerge manipuliation of legal interpretation methods on subjective purposes, which sometimes coincide with objective purposes of state and society.
Although the Lithuanian construction sector in recent years before economic recession marked by constantly increasing turnover and value-added, labor productivity is lagging behind many other activities. The master thesis examined the factors affecting construction labour productivity in construction small and medium enterprises (SME's) in Lithuania. It performes the analysis of labor productivity definition and interpretation of its content, productivity measurement and management models, performes a comparison of construction sector labour productivity in Lithuania and in the European Union. Data for study of factors affecting labour productivity where collected through web-based survey of construction companies and individual interviews with managers working in construction. The study identifyed five key factors affecting construction labor productivity in construction SME's. These are: (1) poor work organization, (2) poor work planning, (3) the lack of workers skills, (4) use of inappropriate construction methods, and (5) incorrect or incomplete drawings, and the lack of information. The work consists of six parts: introduction, analytical and methodical analysis of labor productivity, study of factors affecting construction labour productivity in construction SME's in Lithuania, recommendation plan to improve labor productivity, conclusions and references. Master thesis consists of 71pages text without appendixes, 14 pictures., 14 tables., 52 bibliographic sources. Separately attached the appendixes.
Although the Lithuanian construction sector in recent years before economic recession marked by constantly increasing turnover and value-added, labor productivity is lagging behind many other activities. The master thesis examined the factors affecting construction labour productivity in construction small and medium enterprises (SME's) in Lithuania. It performes the analysis of labor productivity definition and interpretation of its content, productivity measurement and management models, performes a comparison of construction sector labour productivity in Lithuania and in the European Union. Data for study of factors affecting labour productivity where collected through web-based survey of construction companies and individual interviews with managers working in construction. The study identifyed five key factors affecting construction labor productivity in construction SME's. These are: (1) poor work organization, (2) poor work planning, (3) the lack of workers skills, (4) use of inappropriate construction methods, and (5) incorrect or incomplete drawings, and the lack of information. The work consists of six parts: introduction, analytical and methodical analysis of labor productivity, study of factors affecting construction labour productivity in construction SME's in Lithuania, recommendation plan to improve labor productivity, conclusions and references. Master thesis consists of 71pages text without appendixes, 14 pictures., 14 tables., 52 bibliographic sources. Separately attached the appendixes.
