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The subject of the study is historical method of interpretation in law, its capacities and types. Despite the recognition of historical interpretation by legal science, there are no specialized works and there is no consensus on the content of this method of interpretation. Historical interpretation is considered both as an interpretation based on a previous rule of law, as an interpretation considering the conditions for the adoption of the norm, and as an interpretation based on the practice of applying the interpreted norm.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the authors' hypothesis that historical interpretation in law is an intellectual activity that involves clarifying the content of a legal prescription, achieved based on identifying legal and non-legal factors that both precede the creation of the norm and accompany its adoption. In addition, the authors set the task to identify those factors that should be taken into account in historical interpretation, as well as to classify the types of historical interpretation. The analysis of historical interpretation is made using scientific methods: induction and deduction, formal legal, comparative legal synchronous and diachronic methods.The main results, scope of application. Historical interpretation considers political, economic, social, and legal factors. Legal factors include the rules of law that preceded the interpreted norm, repealed acts, official and unofficial documents of law-making entities, draft laws, acts and the norms contained therein that accompanied the interpreted regulation, i.e. were adopted simultaneously with the interpreted norm, as well as other factors, such as the level of development of legal science and legal technique.The authors suppose that historical interpretation cannot be considered as a homogeneous way of interpretation. In reality, the historical interpretation in law can be carried out using different techniques and methods, in relation to heterogeneous legal prescriptions, and carried out by subjects with ...

The review presents the results of the international round table On the
Semiotics of Forms in African Literature, which was held on July 19, 2023 as part of
the Festival of African Cultures at the Russian State Library for Foreign Literature
named after M.I. Rudomino. The discussion was organized by the International Center for Semiotics and Intercultural Dialogue of the State Academic University
for the Humanities (MTСS GAUGN) in cooperation with the Cultural Center
Francothèque of the Russian State Library for Foreign Literature. The discussion
was attended by Georice Berthin Madébé, Doctor of Linguistics and Semiotics,
Leading Researcher at the National Center for Scientific and Technological Research
of Gabon (Libreville), and Inna Merkoulova, Doctor of Linguistics and Semiotics,
Associate Professor, founder and director of the GAUGN International Center for
Semiotics and Intercultural Dialogue (Moscow). The participants discussed Professor
Madebe's book On the Semiotics of Forms. An Introduction to Semiotic Criticism of
African Literature (2022).

Автором предложены гипотезы понятия «тамиздат», которое возникло и применялось в России с конца 50-х годах ХХ века. Приводятся способы издания, распространения и чтения тамиздатовских произведений, которые были запрещены к изданию в СССР. Рассмотрены правовые аспекты, которые имели место в эпоху тоталитарного государства 60–80 гг. ХХ века, а также влияние на деятельность авторов и реципиентов по изданию, распространению и книгочтению изданий тамиздата.Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной общественно-политической жизни общества – теме цензурирования и издания текстов произведений запрещенной литературы писателей, а также передачи информации. Предметом анализа являются трактовки термина «тамиздат». Автор ставит целью определить понятие «тамиздата» и тамиздатовских изданий.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют книговедческие методы: историко-типологический и аналитико-тематический, а также системный подход.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор исследует репертуар и способы издания запрещенных произведений. Автор предлагает гипотезы и формулировки понятия «тамиздат», и выдвигает для обсуждения данное понятие, которое необходимо отделить от понятия «литература русского зарубежья».Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере изучения истории литературоведения, отечественного и зарубежного издательского дела, его развития. ; The article presents the methods of publication, distribution and reading of "tamizdat" works, which were banned for publication in the USSR. The article describes the legal aspects that took place during the era of totalitarian state in the 60-80s the XX century, as well as the influence of legislation on the authors and recipients of "tamizdat" literature.Being published outside of the totalitarian state, the works were spread in the USSR in the form of "tamizdat" books through copies, photographs, etc. A unique method of obtaining information was implemented, i.e. a "samizdat–tamizdat–samizdat" circuit.In addition, this article contains definition examples of the term "tamizdat" proposed by witnesses of the period under study. The author proposes versions of the scientific definition of "tamizdat", which appeared and was applied in Russia since the late 50s of the XX century, influencing the modern literary and publishing process.Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of censorship and publication of prohibited literature, as being quite topical in the modern political and economic conditions. The subject of the analysis are the works of Soviet writers published abroad. The author aims to reveal and define the concept of "tamizdat" literature.Methods and methodology. The basis of the research is formed by the following bibliological methods: historical-typological and analytical-thematic, as well as the systematic approach.Results. The results of the work are that the author explores the repertoire and methods of prohibited works publishing. The author proposes hypotheses and formulations of the term "tamizdat" and proves that this concept should be distinguished from the concept of "literature of the Russian expatriate community".The scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the field of studying the history of literary studies, domestic and foreign publishing, its development.

The article is dedicated to the semiosis of the tsar's crowning ritual in Nikolay Fyodorovich Fyodorov's «Philosophy of the Common Task». This problem has never been an object of a special research but it helps to get closer to the understanding of ontology of Fyodorov's aesthetic supramoralism project. His philosophical works «Monarchy», «Aesthetic Supramoralism», «Easter in the Kremlin with Coronation», «About the Kremlin Walls Paintings», «About the Monument to Alexander III…», «For the Forthcoming Coronation» are analyzed in the article. The interpretation particularities of the coronation ritual semiotic system in the context of supramoralism aesthetics are defined. The projective connection of the coronation with governmental social ideal is shown in the article, this ideal was formed in Fyodorov's Christian universalism. The comparison is made between Fyodorov's project of the tsar's crowning ritual and coronation in the Russian Empire ceremonial culture. Fyodorov's understanding ofthe emperor's regalia symbolism and meaning of the ancient Byzantianacacius ritual inclusion are disclosed in the article. The analysis of time and space images in Fyodorov's interpretation allowed seeing liturgic basis of his project aesthetics. The importance of the explanatory and projective ecphrasis is demonstrated in the process of Fyodorov's interpretation of the monumental visual art that express aesthetic and didactic meaning of the crowning ritual.

Currently, Russia faces the problem of improving the state economy and its transition to an innovative development path. The achievement of strategic goals and objectives of socioeconomic development depends on the innovative and technological state of construction as a fundamental branch of material production. Innovative development of construction is associated with three key areas: technologies, materials, and processes. The study addresses the main factors of stimulating and limiting the sustainable growth of this type of activity, explore the main trends of innovative development of construction based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience. The author analyzes the indicators of Russia's construction industry for 2014–2018 and identifies the main problems that negatively affect the consistency of the innovation process It is concluded that the need for intensive innovative and technological development of the Russian construction complex is due to the need to solve many important socio-economic problems, including: insufficient provision of affordable, comfortable and safe housing for the population; a high level of wear and tear of municipal infrastructure; low quality of housing and utilities; the negative impact of outdated technologies on the environment; low productivity growth in the construction industry. Finally, the author offers a model of innovative development of construction in Russia's regions based on qualitative feedback between different forms and levels of management for effective solutions and synergetic effect in the economy of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

This article presents a review of papers describing exceptive (e.g. All
my classmates came to the birthday party, except for Ivan) and additive (e.g. Besides Ivan, all my classmates came to the birthday party) constructions. The main aims of
this work are to compare different points of view, as well as identify some features
of functioning of these constructions in the Russian language that were not mentioned
before. Section 1 discusses the markers of addition or exclusion. Section 2 is devoted to the constituents of the constructions. Section 3 deals with the issue of
monosemy and polysemy of krome 'except; besides', as well as examples of ambiguous interpretation of krome. Section 4 raises the question what part of speech krome
belongs to and the possibility to include krome into the functional class of connectors.

Article on the causes, dynamics of development and institutional forms of economic cycles. We study the institutional patterns associated with the formation, development and completion of economic cycles from the standpoint of an exogenous approach. The author proves the thesis about the relationship of formation of new institutions of economic behavior as a cause of the economic crisis and the formation of new institutions as the primary sign of transition to a new economic cycle. This article is an attempt to prove the relationship of economic and institutional cycling.

The article explores various types of crypto-assets and justification of differentiated regime for their regulations. The purpose of the article is to determine the main economic and legal approaches of interpreting crypto-assets and identify the features of taxation of various types of crypto-assets in developed countries and Russia. Drawing on economic and functional features of crypto-assets, the study offers the classification of virtual assets. Having analyzed various approaches to crypto-assets tax regulation in the UK, Switzerland and Singapore, the authors determine the specificity of crypto-assets taxation and offer recommendations for crypto-assets taxation in Russia. The paper concludes that in countries where regulatory authorities make a clear distinction between different types of crypto-assets the taxation of virtual assets is also differentiated. A differentiated approach to taxation of crypto assets in Russia seems to be most promising since it encourages the development of certain segments of crypto asset market and offers a clearer mechanism for tax control over the turnover of crypto assets in the country.

The present article analyses the hoards of the Bronze Age - Early Iron Age discovered in the forest-steppe and mountain-forest of the Trans-Urals, as well as the Middle and Lower Ob areas. Only three hoards dating back to the Bronze Age have been discovered: Andreevo, Prygovsky and Gladunino. By the Ural-Siberian standards, these are considerable collections consisting of metal-intensive symbolic objects (celts, knives, sickles). The hoards are grouped in the forest-steppe area, where the population of the Petrovo and Alakul cultures of the Andronovo community lived at that time (first half of the 2nd millennium BC). Conversely, hoards dating back to the Early Iron Age are localised in the taiga zone. Being characterised by a distinctive composition and definite chronological contexts, these hoards reflect profound changes in the lifestyle of Siberian aborigines caused by the widespread introduction of metal, the development of reindeer herding, new communication corridors and fur trade. The first group is represented by hoards that comprise symbolic metal items dating back to the second half of the 1st millennium BC (Azov Mountain, Karaulnaya Mountain, Lozvinsky, etc.). Sometimes they are accompanied by arms (arrowheads and chopping weapons). This group of hoards is unanimously considered to be votive in character. The hoards of the second group (from the 1st century BC to the 2nd-3rd centuries AD) are confined to the lower reaches of the Ob and Irtysh, as well as the Surgut Ob area (Istyatsk, Kazym and Gornoknyazevsk). They are characterised by the presence of bronze cauldrons or other packaging, items of long-distance import (Parthian or Bactrian silver medallions; helmets made in Central Asia; a large number of Sarmatian and even Chinese bronze mirrors, often with engraved local images). Hoards of that period, aimed at hiding prestigious and valuable things, are seen as retrievable. Hoards belonging to the third group (3rd-8th centuries AD) can be referred to as weapon hoards (Parabel, Kholmogory, Ishim, etc.). They are localised mainly in the lower tributaries of the Ob in its middle course. They predominantly consisted of various weapons: arrowheads, spears, axes, sabres, broadswords, combat knives. In addition, bronze mirrors and plates having concentric ornaments, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images were found in all complexes. Weapon hoards, interpreted as sacred arsenals, reflect the dominant priorities of that time (formation of the military elite; a special status of military practices) and growing military tensions caused by the struggle for control over the foraging territories and trade routes. © 2019 Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-09-40011 ; Funding. This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-09-40011.

The author of this article makes review and compares some articles from the most influent and popular German newspapers, concerning the last local elections in Russia. This event is presented from the point of view of different political trends and their attitude to elective democracy in Russia.

The study investigates one of the uses of the equative marker kad' in Tatyshly Udmurt — the construction N kad' jos, where N is a noun or a pronoun and kad' jos is a form of the marker kad' with the plural noun affix -jos (cf. pet'a kad' jos [Petya like-pl] '[somebody] like Petya'). This construction is attested in works on the grammar of Udmurt, but its morphosyntactic and semantic restrictions are
not properly discussed. According to my field data collected in the Tatyshy district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the restrictions on the dependent of the marker kad' jos are formulated in terms of the animacy hierarchy. The speakers allow the use of all personal pronouns, proper names, as well as human animate nouns; in
some idiolects it is also possible to use non-human animate nouns, and all the interviewed speakers rejected constructions with an inanimate noun as a dependent of kad' jos. I propose an analysis of this construction which suggests the presence of a phonologically covert head noun. The construction N kad' jos is a dependent of
this head noun, and thus may be considered as an equative construction belonging to the nominal type, cf. the other type of equative constructions where the phrase with kad' is a dependent of the predicate.

The article is a review of the book indicated in the title. The reviewer believes that, being a high-class educational and professional publication made in the format of an innovative educational module, it can also claim the status of a scientific and monographic publication. According to the final forecast conclusion of the reviewer, the book will be interesting and useful for a wide range of readers: specialists in the field of theory of state (Federal and sub-Federal) management, and the corresponding categories of managers-practitioners who train and are trained in specialized and other institutions of General and higher professional education.

В главе речь идет об изложении римской истории царского периода в сочинениях христианских апологетов. В качестве критерия отбора материала избран этнолингвистический принцип, поэтому в статье рассматриваются только латиноязычные авторы. Помимо латинского языка апологетов этой группы объединяет общий ментальный субстрат, полемические приемы и общие источники информации. В статье анализируются различные примеры интерпретации латинскими апологетами событий древнейшей римской истории с целью определения ее общих черт и задач. В результате исследования делается вывод, что основной задачей христианских авторов при рассмотрении ранней римской истории является дискредитация римской старины. При этом апологетами используется тенденциозный отбор материала, рациональная критика событий, негативная морально-нравственная и правовая оценка.
This chapter deals with the presentation of the Roman history of the royal period in the writings of Christian apologists. The ethnolinguistic principle was chosen as a criterion for the selection of material, therefore, only Latin-speaking authors are considered in the article. In addition to the Latin language, apologists of this group combine a common mental substrate, polemical techniques and common sources of information. The article analyzes various examples of Latin apologists' interpretation of the events of ancient Roman history in order to determine its common features and challenges. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the main task of Christian authors when considering early Roman history is to discredit Roman antiquity. Apologists use tendentious selection of material, rational criticism of events, negative moral and legal assessment.