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Article about synthesis of theory the self-organizing and the institutional economic theory. The author proves the thesis about exogenous an origin of institutional processes in economy and cyclic institutional development.

The issues of exercising expert's rights when ordering a forensic examination, entrusting its production to a specific competent person, conducting a study, reflecting its process and the results in the expert's opinion do not lose their relevance. Basing on the analysis of practice for the appointment and conduct of forensic construction and technical examinations, the authors of the article have examined the organizational and legal problems encountered by an expert when familiarizing himself with the case materials and studying them; applicating for additional materials; involving another expert in the production of an examination, as well as in the exercising other expert's rights provided by the legislation on forensic examination.The article discusses forensic situations when it is often allowed either an unjustifiably broad interpretation of the provisions of the law in this part, or an unreasonably narrow, and sometimes incorrect, in the authors' opinion, their interpretation. All this prevents the expert from working efficiently, leads him to procedural errors, which, in turn, makes him vulnerable to reasonable criticism of opponents and creates the preconditions for an investigator or court to evaluate expert's opinion as a piece of unacceptable evidence. The authors propose ways to overcome these negative trends and related practical issues in forensic construction and technical examination. ; Вопросы реализации прав эксперта при назначении судебной экспертизы, поручении ее производства конкретному сведущему лицу, проведении исследования, отражении его процесса и результатов в заключении эксперта не утрачивают своей актуальности. Авторы статьи на основе изучения практики назначения и производства судебных строительно-технических экспертиз рассмотрели организационно-правовые проблемы, возникающие у эксперта при ознакомлении с материалами дела, заявлении ходатайства о предоставлении дополнительных материалов, привлечении к производству экспертизы другого эксперта, а также при реализации других прав эксперта, предусмотренных законодательством о судебной экспертизе.В статье разобраны судебно-экспертные ситуации, при которых достаточно часто допускается либо неоправданно широкое толкование положений закона в этой части, либо необоснованно узкая, а порой и неверная, по мнению авторов, их трактовка. Все это препятствует эффективной работе эксперта, способствует совершению процессуальных ошибок, что делает эксперта уязвимым для обоснованной критики оппонентов и формирует предпосылки для оценки следователем или судом его заключения как недопустимого доказательства. Авторы предлагают пути преодоления этих негативных тенденций и связанных с ними проблем в практике производства судебных строительно-технических экспертиз.

This article presents the results of constructing and validating the "Normless anomie index" (NLAI) sociological test, designed to measure the level of anomie among Russian-speaking and Ukrainian-speaking respondents. The theoretical validity of NLAI is based on an understanding of anomie that was proposed and detailed in the works of R. Merton. The content of the index is based on normless indicators presented in the articles of D. Dean, G. McCloskey and J. Shaar, as well as indicators presented in this article. The study is based on data from two surveys (November 2018, N = 600; April 2019, N = 600), which represent the adult population of Ukraine according to such parameters as age, gender, type of settlement and region of residence. For the purpose of empirical validation, the factor structure of the theoretical construct was analyzed (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and construct validity was confirmed based on indicators that describe respondents' political consciousness and their social well-being (correlation analysis). Three versions of NLAI were tested: 1) based on indicators claiming the existence of norms, as well as based on indicators claiming the opposite (survey conducted in 2018); 2) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more specific wording (survey conducted in 2019); 3) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more abstract wording (survey conducted in 2019). A conclusion is made about the higher quality of the second version of NLAI.
A classifier of answers to the NLAI indicators is proposed, which allows for categorizing respondents into four groups: anomic (predominance of answers which indicate the absence of norms), ambivalent (there are answers indicating both the absence of norms and their presence), undefined (answers prevail which indicate the absence of a clear position) and non-anomic (prevailing answers indicating the presence of norms).

The article is devoted to the study of the names of stones in the Altai language and its dialects; the lexical and semantic classification of stones is identified and described; folklore research and interpretation of stones in the literary texts of Altai writers, in particular in the poem by Boris Ukachin, is carried out. Based on the material of his poem, a historical and linguistic analysis of the ethnocultural vocabulary of the Altai language is given. The cult of stones is one of the most ancient in the history of mankind. This problem has been little studied and requires further research. There are about fifty types of stones in the Altai language. All of them have names depending on their purpose, use. In many Altai legends and legends, they play an important role, have magical and medicinal properties. According to the authors, the names of stones are widely and variously represented in the work of B. Ukachin. Many of them are common for the vast majority of Turkic languages, which is quite justified historically and testifies to cultural traditions

An article about the use of the methodology of general systems theory and the theory of self-organization as a methodological basis of scientific interpretation of social reality. The author analyzes the role of ideology and propaganda in the different concepts of interpretation of social reality (social Darwinism, Marxism, etc.). The main conclusion of the paper is the need deideologization scientific knowledge.

Extension of the theory of politics to include sociocultural meanings in its explanatory scheme reflects the current uncertainty of its theoretical and methodological foundations, politico-institutional references, political and ideological implications. Fluctuation of the contours of the "familiar world" corresponds to rising distrust in the existing institutions and actors, suggesting a crisis of their legitimacy and effectiveness. A qualitatively new nature of conflict in society, archaization of political ideologies and practices, transformation of the structures of social and power configurations indicate a change in the reference values of load-bearing structures of political life, reflexive schemes and ideological intentions. Redefinition of the standard linear epistemes and ideological discourses of modernity is accompanied by incorporation of socio-cultural referents and new references of modernity into the theoretical constructs. Religion ceases to be just a private affair of a particular person, and returns to the public space in various forms, reflecting the diversification and diversity of the semantic and practical presence in the theoretical schemes and political practices. Many political issues acquire social resonance only because they are given a religious meaning, whereas religious intentions are in demand primarily in the political space. The religious reference is perceived differently in the modern world, causing controversy and debate about the prospects for human development, actualizing new methodological and ideological constructions.

The article deals with analysis of coordinating constructions with the conjunctions "и" (and) and "или" (or) in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation. The problems with perception and interpretation of the constructions under analysis are demonstrated on the material of the articles of the Criminal and the Civil Codes. ; В статье рассматриваются сочинительные конструкции с союзами "и", "или" на примере Уголовного и Гражданского кодексов Российской Федерации.

This article considers the reasons and consequences of the increased attention from politicians and scholars to the challenges of national and global food security. First, the authors focus on the contradictory definitions of food security in intellectual and ideological debates which determine the development of national and global doctrines of food security (and 'food sovereignty' as its critical alternative). Secondly, the authors consider past and present attempts to ensure food security and identify the historical zigzags of food policies in Russia (from the Soviet autarchic policy of food self-sufficiency to attempts to liberalize food security definitions in the 1990s, and the new protectionist and autarchic food security doctrine of the 2000s). The authors also present a range of common indicators of food security, and emphasize that the gross growth in the production of various types of food is insufficient to assess the quality of national food policies. The key indicators of food security include the effectiveness of agricultural production, access to quality food for all social groups, and the potential of consumers to control the issues of national food security. Finally, the authors consider the sociological approach to the study of food security and present data from a series of sociological monitoring developed and conducted by the Center for Agrarian Studies of RANEPA 2015-2017. The analysis identified the 'double autarchy' in the responses of respondents: on the one hand, they support the general political course on food protectionism and nationalism (state autarchy), while, on the other, they strive to implement a micro-policy of autonomous food sovereignty (family autarchy) by intensifying household efforts to ensure natural self-sufficiency. © 2018 National Research University Higher School of Economics.

The article is not about "wrong" or, to the contrary, "correct" approaches: explanation, interpretations, understanding are absolutely necessary cognitive acts, without which any adequate study of Dostoyevsky seems impossible. However, these are fundamentally different mindsets that actualize various vectors of researchers' attention. An explanation of "Crime and Punishment" is impossible without an actual historical, as well as a textological, commentary. This is precisely the area where one may talk about a significant progress in the study of Dostoyevsky's novel. It is not surprising, since explanation is the closest to the mindset of so-called "natural sciences" (W. Dilthey), with its declared "objectivity" (a mindset for non-subjectivity) as if protecting from the subjective distortions in one's discipline. At the same time, one or the other interpretation of "Crime and Punishment" are inseparable from historically changing and sometimes drastically diverging – methodologically, culturally, politically, aesthetically – mindsets of interpreters of Dostoyevsky's text. At times, readers' "drifting" (R. Barthes) in such a text may result in interesting findings, however, it often leads researchers beyond the limits of adequate readings, which I define as the "spectrum of adequacy". Finally, the third version of researchers' "examination" of Dostoyevsky's novel is a personal understanding of it, in one way or another included within the "spectrum of adequacy". These mismatching but equally adequate in respect to Dostoyevsky's intentions acts of researchers' understanding are impossible without an axiological concord between the understanding mind and the writer's dominant mindset. While Dostoyevsky predetermines the direction of readers' receptions, he does not direct each of the reader's (and therefore, researcher's) receptions, providing them with a certain freedom of choice, within which they are allowed to make decisions at their discretion. ; В статье речь идет не об «ошибочных» или, напротив того, «правильных» подходах: объяснение, интерпретации, понимание являются абсолютно необходимыми познавательными актами, без которых любое адекватное изучение Достоевского представляется мне невозможным. Однако это все-таки принципиально отличающиеся установки, актуализирующие различные векторы исследовательского внимания. Объяснение «Преступления и Наказания» невозможно без реально-исторического, а также текстологического комментария. Именно в этой сфере можно говорить о значительном прогрессе в изучении романа Достоевского. Это и неудивительно, поскольку как раз объяснение ближе всего к методологическим постулатам так называемых «наук о природе» (В. Дильтей), с их декларируемой «объективностью» (установкой на бессубъектность) как будто гарантирующей от субъективистских искажений своего предмета. Тогда как те или иные интерпретации «Преступления и Наказания» неотделимы от исторически изменчивых и порой резко расходящихся – методологически, культурно, политически, эстетически - установок самих истолкователей текста Достоевского. «Дрейфование» читателей (Р. Барт) по этому тексту порой приводит к интересным результатам, однако же оно зачастую выводит исследователей за пределы той совокупности адекватных прочтений, которые я определяю понятием «спектра адекватности». Наконец, третий вариант исследовательского «освоения» романа Достоевского представляет собой то или иное его личностное понимание, так или иначе входящее в «спектр адекватности». Эти несовпадающие друг с другом, однако в равной мере адекватные художественным интенциям Достоевского акты исследовательского понимания невозможны без аксиологического созвучия понимающего сознания доминантным установкам писателя. Вместе с тем Достоевский хотя и предопределяет вектор читательских рецепций, но отнюдь не направляет непременно каждую рецепцию читателя (значит, и литературоведа), предоставляя тому некую свободу выбора, в пределах которой тот волен принимать решения по своему усмотрению.

Автором предложены гипотезы понятия «тамиздат», которое возникло и применялось в России с конца 50-х годах ХХ века. Приводятся способы издания, распространения и чтения тамиздатовских произведений, которые были запрещены к изданию в СССР. Рассмотрены правовые аспекты, которые имели место в эпоху тоталитарного государства 60–80 гг. ХХ века, а также влияние на деятельность авторов и реципиентов по изданию, распространению и книгочтению изданий тамиздата.Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной общественно-политической жизни общества – теме цензурирования и издания текстов произведений запрещенной литературы писателей, а также передачи информации. Предметом анализа являются трактовки термина «тамиздат». Автор ставит целью определить понятие «тамиздата» и тамиздатовских изданий.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют книговедческие методы: историко-типологический и аналитико-тематический, а также системный подход.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор исследует репертуар и способы издания запрещенных произведений. Автор предлагает гипотезы и формулировки понятия «тамиздат», и выдвигает для обсуждения данное понятие, которое необходимо отделить от понятия «литература русского зарубежья».Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере изучения истории литературоведения, отечественного и зарубежного издательского дела, его развития. ; The article presents the methods of publication, distribution and reading of "tamizdat" works, which were banned for publication in the USSR. The article describes the legal aspects that took place during the era of totalitarian state in the 60-80s the XX century, as well as the influence of legislation on the authors and recipients of "tamizdat" literature.Being published outside of the totalitarian state, the works were spread in the USSR in the form of "tamizdat" books through copies, photographs, etc. A unique method of obtaining information was implemented, i.e. a "samizdat–tamizdat–samizdat" circuit.In addition, this article contains definition examples of the term "tamizdat" proposed by witnesses of the period under study. The author proposes versions of the scientific definition of "tamizdat", which appeared and was applied in Russia since the late 50s of the XX century, influencing the modern literary and publishing process.Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of censorship and publication of prohibited literature, as being quite topical in the modern political and economic conditions. The subject of the analysis are the works of Soviet writers published abroad. The author aims to reveal and define the concept of "tamizdat" literature.Methods and methodology. The basis of the research is formed by the following bibliological methods: historical-typological and analytical-thematic, as well as the systematic approach.Results. The results of the work are that the author explores the repertoire and methods of prohibited works publishing. The author proposes hypotheses and formulations of the term "tamizdat" and proves that this concept should be distinguished from the concept of "literature of the Russian expatriate community".The scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the field of studying the history of literary studies, domestic and foreign publishing, its development.

The article is dedicated to the semiosis of the tsar's crowning ritual in Nikolay Fyodorovich Fyodorov's «Philosophy of the Common Task». This problem has never been an object of a special research but it helps to get closer to the understanding of ontology of Fyodorov's aesthetic supramoralism project. His philosophical works «Monarchy», «Aesthetic Supramoralism», «Easter in the Kremlin with Coronation», «About the Kremlin Walls Paintings», «About the Monument to Alexander III…», «For the Forthcoming Coronation» are analyzed in the article. The interpretation particularities of the coronation ritual semiotic system in the context of supramoralism aesthetics are defined. The projective connection of the coronation with governmental social ideal is shown in the article, this ideal was formed in Fyodorov's Christian universalism. The comparison is made between Fyodorov's project of the tsar's crowning ritual and coronation in the Russian Empire ceremonial culture. Fyodorov's understanding ofthe emperor's regalia symbolism and meaning of the ancient Byzantianacacius ritual inclusion are disclosed in the article. The analysis of time and space images in Fyodorov's interpretation allowed seeing liturgic basis of his project aesthetics. The importance of the explanatory and projective ecphrasis is demonstrated in the process of Fyodorov's interpretation of the monumental visual art that express aesthetic and didactic meaning of the crowning ritual.

Currently, Russia faces the problem of improving the state economy and its transition to an innovative development path. The achievement of strategic goals and objectives of socioeconomic development depends on the innovative and technological state of construction as a fundamental branch of material production. Innovative development of construction is associated with three key areas: technologies, materials, and processes. The study addresses the main factors of stimulating and limiting the sustainable growth of this type of activity, explore the main trends of innovative development of construction based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience. The author analyzes the indicators of Russia's construction industry for 2014–2018 and identifies the main problems that negatively affect the consistency of the innovation process It is concluded that the need for intensive innovative and technological development of the Russian construction complex is due to the need to solve many important socio-economic problems, including: insufficient provision of affordable, comfortable and safe housing for the population; a high level of wear and tear of municipal infrastructure; low quality of housing and utilities; the negative impact of outdated technologies on the environment; low productivity growth in the construction industry. Finally, the author offers a model of innovative development of construction in Russia's regions based on qualitative feedback between different forms and levels of management for effective solutions and synergetic effect in the economy of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Article on the causes, dynamics of development and institutional forms of economic cycles. We study the institutional patterns associated with the formation, development and completion of economic cycles from the standpoint of an exogenous approach. The author proves the thesis about the relationship of formation of new institutions of economic behavior as a cause of the economic crisis and the formation of new institutions as the primary sign of transition to a new economic cycle. This article is an attempt to prove the relationship of economic and institutional cycling.

The article explores various types of crypto-assets and justification of differentiated regime for their regulations. The purpose of the article is to determine the main economic and legal approaches of interpreting crypto-assets and identify the features of taxation of various types of crypto-assets in developed countries and Russia. Drawing on economic and functional features of crypto-assets, the study offers the classification of virtual assets. Having analyzed various approaches to crypto-assets tax regulation in the UK, Switzerland and Singapore, the authors determine the specificity of crypto-assets taxation and offer recommendations for crypto-assets taxation in Russia. The paper concludes that in countries where regulatory authorities make a clear distinction between different types of crypto-assets the taxation of virtual assets is also differentiated. A differentiated approach to taxation of crypto assets in Russia seems to be most promising since it encourages the development of certain segments of crypto asset market and offers a clearer mechanism for tax control over the turnover of crypto assets in the country.