Suchergebnisse

More than twenty years ago, Easterbrook and Fischel made a famous harsh criticism of the simplistic way in which the legislation applicable to the corporate governance of a company is often analyzed. The selection of his darts was not accidental, the generalization of an approach whose premise assumed that the board of a company always uses its position of power to exploit investors and consumers, threatened to overthrow the conceptual balance on which success rests. of any regulation on business organizations. ; Hace más de veinte años, Easterbrook y Fischel hicieron célebre una dura crítica al simplismo con que muchas veces se analiza la legislación aplicable al gobierno corporativo de una empresa. La selección de sus dardos no era casual, la generalización de un enfoque cuya premisa suponía que el directorio de una compañía utiliza siempre su posición de poder para explotar a inversionistas y consumidores, amenazaba con echar por tierra el equilibrio conceptual sobre el que descansa el éxito de cualquier regulación sobre organizaciones empresariales.

En la actualidad, la marca país y el riesgo país (la imagen del país) son conceptos importantes. En un mundo globalizado, las naciones compiten entre sí por la atención, el respeto y la confianza de consumidores potenciales, inversionistas, turistas, inmigrantes, medios y gobiernos de otras naciones. Una marca país altamente positiva y un riesgo país mínimo proveen una notable ventaja competitiva. Por lo tanto, es muy importante que los países conozcan la percepción que la opinión pública mundial tiene de ellos. ; Nowadays, nation brand and risk country (image of the country) are both important concepts. In a globalising world, nations compete to each other by attention, respect and confidence of potential consumers, investors, tourists, immigrants, media and governments of other nations. A highly positive nation brand and a minimum risk country provide a remarkable competitive advantage. In consequence, it is very important that the countries know the perception that the global public opinion has of these concepts. ; 123-140 ; soares@orion_ufrgs.br

En la actualidad, la marca país y el riesgo país (la imagen del país) son conceptos importantes. En un mundo globalizado, las naciones compiten entre sí por la atención, el respeto y la confianza de consumidores potenciales, inversionistas, turistas, inmigrantes, medios y gobiernos de otras naciones. Una marca país altamente positiva y un riesgo país mínimo proveen una notable ventaja competitiva. Por lo tanto, es muy importante que los países conozcan la percepción que la opinión pública mundial tiene de ellos. ; Nowadays, nation brand and risk country (image of the country) are both important concepts. In a globalising world, nations compete to each other by attention, respect and confidence of potential consumers, investors, tourists, immigrants, media and governments of other nations. A highly positive nation brand and a minimum risk country provide a remarkable competitive advantage. In consequence, it is very important that the countries know the perception that the global public opinion has of these concepts.

Recently, applied benefits have been described to stimulete the productive use of fami/y wire transfers ro support the {ami/y: To save and to invest (generally assign to invest in a property or home improvements) It shou/d be thought, not only in the production of consumer goods and services but a/so in assets: Social, communitarian initestructure, housing or company assets. Collectíve wire transfers that are used ior civic or religlous ceiebretions, community wotk, and business type projects have been ana/yzed. A/most three years ago, the Government of E/ Salvador applied an innovalive program in this sense, this program is aimed to generare investment opportunities through interchange of information and experiences among Salvadoran investors living in the U.S. Divetse instruments have been ana/yzed with the wite trensiers, migrants' savings, collective wire transfers and with the insútutions in charge oi the transfers. In El Salvador, the number oi wire transfers per capita is between the highest worldwide.

Recently, applied benefits have been described to stimulete the productive use of fami/y wire transfers ro support the {ami/y: To save and to invest (generally assign to invest in a property or home improvements) It shou/d be thought, not only in the production of consumer goods and services but a/so in assets: Social, communitarian initestructure, housing or company assets. Collectíve wire transfers that are used ior civic or religlous ceiebretions, community wotk, and business type projects have been ana/yzed. A/most three years ago, the Government of E/ Salvador applied an innovalive program in this sense, this program is aimed to generare investment opportunities through interchange of information and experiences among Salvadoran investors living in the U.S. Divetse instruments have been ana/yzed with the wite trensiers, migrants' savings, collective wire transfers and with the insútutions in charge oi the transfers. In El Salvador, the number oi wire transfers per capita is between the highest worldwide.

Among the market-oriented reforms implemented in Russia since Jan 1992, economic liberalization policy ranks high, including the invitation made to foreign entrepreneurs to invest in the country. However, based on an analysis of various economic, political, & legal aspects of this Euro-Asian country, the author concludes that a lack of implementation of market structures & mechanisms, & the exclusion of foreign businessmen from state firms' massive privatization resulted in an unfavorable environment for foreign investments. Accordingly, Russian prospects of attracting huge investment flows did not materialize. The sectoral structure of foreign direct investments does not favor national industry's restructuring & upgrading. This is mainly due to an excessive concentration of industries in the energy sector, which results in an even greater reliance of the country on oil & gas production. Russia's political stabilization, after the Mar 2000 presidential elections, & the measures implemented by President Putin to advance market-oriented reforms, seem to suggest that this postcommunist country will continue offering good opportunities to foreign investors. 1 Appendix. Adapted from the source document.

El autor destaca la necesidad de un replanteo institucional del Mercosur con criterio práctico y funcional, ya que los últimos problemas planteados en su seno (si bien se está en condiciones de superarlos), han demostrado debilidades metodológicas e institucionales. Para ello sostiene qué funciones deben cumplir estas instituciones, en el marco de la integración, que deberán responder a un proceso gradual, en base a la experiencia acumulada y que confirme a los inversores la existencia de un Mercosur sólido y creible. ; The author points out the need to institutionally reformulate Mercosur with a functional political criterion, due to the fact that its latest problems-although close to solution- have shown the Mercosur has had methodological and institutional weaknesses. In connection to this, he determines which functions must be gradually performed by these institutions in the integrational frame, taking as a basis previous experience, so as to make investors trust a believable and solid Mercosur. ; Dossier: MERCOSUR ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales

File originally titled "Organizing and Supply Society of Cooperatives. Anonymous Society (April 21, 1926) (1). Cooperative of Fuel and Lubricants Cooperative Society Limited (April 21, 1926)". This file contains documents relative to the creation of the Cooperative of Fuel and Lubricants, S.C.L., the presidential order that governmental dependencies that consume fuel and lubricants should become investors and cut prices on their goods, and the statutes and regulations of operation of the Cooperative. (See file VILLALOBOS, Gumaro (Eng.) of series 13010214. / Expediente titulado originalmente "Sociedad Organizadora y Proveedora de Cooperativas. Sociedad Anónima (Abril 21 de 1926) (1). Cooperativa de Combustibles y Lubricantes Sociedad Cooperativa Limitada (Abril 21 de 1926)". Contiene documentos relativos a la creación de la Cooperativa de Combustibles y Lubricantes, S.C.L.; a la disposición presidencial para que las dependencias gubernamentales que consumen combustibles y lubricantes se conviertan en accionistas y así abaraten sus insumos; a los estatutos y normas de operatividad de la Cooperativa. (Véase expediente VILLALOBOS, Gumaro (Ing.), de la serie 13010214)

The purpose of the article was to analyze the cluster strategy in various countries of the world and to highlight the legal instruments that can be used in the process of creation and operation of clusters in Ukraine, taking into account the existing post-conflict socio-economic problems. The research methods used were: analysis, synthesis, consistency, comparison, generalization and prognosis, etc. The main models of cluster development in the world practice are analyzed. The characteristics of the state strategy in the field of regional clustering in the USA, Canada, Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Finland, Japan and China are studied. The authors focused on the legal instruments used in the process of creation and operation of clusters in different countries of the world, which it is advisable to borrow and implement in the Ukrainian legislation. Finally, the following problems of cluster creation in Ukraine have been identified: the lack of a legislative framework; a state strategy to support clusters, as well as incentives for investors. It is concluded that clusters in a difficult socio-economic situation in Ukraine should help to attract investments and develop the economy of regions affected by hostilities.

Using general and special scientific methods and generalized statistical data, the article reveals the essence of venture entrepreneurship, identifies the features and influence of venture investments on the innovative development of the Ukrainian economy in conditions of limited state resources. It has demonstrated the need to develop a strategy to improve the investment climate and expand venture investment in Ukraine, the main measures of which should include: improvement of the legislative framework; development of the innovation ecosystem in accordance with major global trends; formation of a favorable investment climate and tax regime for investors; development and implementation of new organizational and legal forms of venture investment; creation of conditions for the development of infrastructure units of the entrepreneurship ecosystem; formation of conditions for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the real sector of the economy, as well as in the scientific and technical sphere, etc. It concludes with recommendations on the need to increase the volume of venture capital investments in high-tech projects with an emphasis on the defense industrial complex, IT sphere and construction, among others.

The article aims to improve the state agribusiness regulatory system. It is established that the state regulatory system for agribusiness must be based on the application of a reasonable protectionism policy, guaranteeing food security through a system of tariffs and customs taxes on imported food products. The authors demonstrate the need to create a favorable climate for foreign investors, establish joint ventures in the agricultural business, provide state guarantees to foreign creditors by importing advanced equipment and technology, as well as finance key areas of science on business problems. Agricultural, the theoretical and methodological basis of this study is an abstract logical method, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis and systematization methods; as well as the statistical, economic and graphic methods used to study the levels and trends of change in the parameters of agricultural development in the current stage. In conclusion, it is revealed that parities in agricultural prices must include parity with consumer prices. For rural residents. The wages of employees in rural areas must guarantee the reproduction of the labor force and the development of the social sphere.

Beyond the trade agreement among the three countries of North America, behind the scenes, their financial systems are restructuring based on changes in legislation and monetary policy in which the U.S. Federal Reserve (fed) has played a preponderate role in repositioning the big conglomerates. The strengthening of the financial system, currently dominated by international financing, created financial fragility and bank failures, and repositioned institutional investors, which then led to a huge financial crisis. ; Más allá de un acuerdo comercial entre los tres países de América del Norte, detrás del escenario se encuentra la recomposición del sistema financiero de estos países, a partir de cambios en la legislación bancaria y en materia de política monetaria, en los cuales la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos (fed) ha jugado un papel preponderante para el reposicionamiento de los grandes conglomerados. El fortalecimiento del sistema financiero, cuyo dominio actual descansa en el proceso de financiarización en el nivel internacional, sembró la fragilidad financiera y quiebras bancarias, y generó el reposicionamiento de los inversionistas institucionales, lo que desembocó en una crisis financiera de gran magnitud.

In the functional space of liberal democracy has been prioritizing with much vigor the praxis of "savage capitalism", an economic and political theory that struggles to consolidate at all costs the increase in securities linked to the most powerful investors, without stopping to think the ruin of small businesses and the growing impoverishment of the majority population. It is in this way that the macro-economics of certain emerging countries "grow" formally in statistical figures, while, in pathetic contrast, real inequality between the few haves and the many have nothing deepens. ; En el espacio funcional de la democracia liberal ha venido primando con muchovigor la praxis del "capitalismo salvaje", una tesis económico-política que pugnapor consolidar a toda costa el incremento de los valores bursátiles vinculadosa los inversionistas más poderosos; sin parar mientes acerca de la ruina de lospequeños empresarios y la pauperización creciente de las mayorías poblacionales.Es de esta forma que la macroeconomía de ciertos países emergentes "crece"formalmente en los guarismos estadísticos, al tiempo que, en patético contraste,se ahonda la desigualdad real entre los pocos que tienen mucho y los muchosque no tienen nada.

In the functional space of liberal democracy has been prioritizing with much vigor the praxis of "savage capitalism", an economic and political theory that struggles to consolidate at all costs the increase in securities linked to the most powerful investors, without stopping to think the ruin of small businesses and the growing impoverishment of the majority population. It is in this way that the macro-economics of certain emerging countries "grow" formally in statistical figures, while, in pathetic contrast, real inequality between the few haves and the many have nothing deepens. ; En el espacio funcional de la democracia liberal ha venido primando con muchovigor la praxis del "capitalismo salvaje", una tesis económico-política que pugnapor consolidar a toda costa el incremento de los valores bursátiles vinculadosa los inversionistas más poderosos; sin parar mientes acerca de la ruina de lospequeños empresarios y la pauperización creciente de las mayorías poblacionales.Es de esta forma que la macroeconomía de ciertos países emergentes "crece"formalmente en los guarismos estadísticos, al tiempo que, en patético contraste,se ahonda la desigualdad real entre los pocos que tienen mucho y los muchosque no tienen nada.

In this report, the main Income Tax aspects related to the concessions of public infrastructure and of public services regulated by Supreme Decrete N° 059-96-PCM are analyzed. Hence, the applicable rules for investments made by the concessionaires and the treatment of self- sustained and co-financed concessions will be examined. To conclude this report, legislative changes that, in opinion of the authors would help provide greater security to the current regime on benefit of the Peruvian State and the investors, are suggested. ; En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento para fines del Impuesto a la Renta de las concesiones de obras públicas de infraestructura y de servicios públicos regulados por el Decreto Supremo N° 059-96-PCM, que rige la entrega de las referidas concesiones. Así, se examina el régimen aplicable a las inversiones realizadas por los concesionarios, el tratamiento de las concesiones auto-sostenibles y las concesiones cofinanciadas. Para culminar este artículo, se proponen cambios legislativos que, en opinión de los autores, ayudarían a dotar de mayor seguridad al régimen actual en beneficio del Estado peruano y de los inversionistas.