Suchergebnisse

Colombia has a rich natural and a large reserve
in mineral resources, so that in a global situation
of economic crisis Colombia opens into an economic policy extractive type, flexible legislation to
facilitate the entry of multinational mining guarantees to foreign investors but wonderful business for the native population, for the Colombian,
who live these regions, this logic will bring about
disastrous environmental, social and economic
record.

The present research focuses on arbitration, which seeks to examine the advantages and disadvantages of third party funding(TPF) and its differences with other forms of financial interference and determines who can act as an investor. The result of this research is that third party funding has disadvantages and advantages that in general, its advantages are dominated due to the difference in volume of funding, and investors in this area can be lawyers, insurance companies or any other person who is not prohibited by law and can be simulated and executed under the Article 10 of civil law.

This work examines the negotiation insides of the so-called Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) that the Mexican & Japanese governments signed on September 17, 2004. During this process, various historical events were invoked, such as the memorable 1888 treaty which both countries concluded in thoroughly even terms, although suspiciousness were plentiful, especially as a result of losses that some Japanese investors suffered during the 1980s economic crises, & the insecurity environment that has recently prevailed. Yet, the EPA became the basis of a new era in Mexico-Japan trade & diplomatic relations, & was perhaps one of the most plausible contributions of the Fox administration's international policy. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Brazil, started in the 19th century, a transition period between the Empire and the beginning of the Republic (1860-1913), when fdi theories had not yet been formulated. The British were the main investors worldwide, also in Brazil, responsible for developing essential sectors. In addition to the Europeans, the Americans also saw opportunities in the country, contributing later to the industries' installation. To better understand foreign investments in Brazil, as well as the installation of multinationals in the transition from the Empire to the Republic, we highlight the foreign investment process and the country's industrialization. The main contribution of this work is research pointing out the historical landmark of foreign investment in Brazil in the analyzed period, allowing to understand the country's urban and social development.

During the 1990s Latin America experienced a rather low & extremely unstable annual average rate of economic growth. Income distribution curved all the more in favor of the highest social classes & against middle ones, preserving a poverty level that was already high. In line with Celso Furtado's & M. Kalecki's theories, the author claims that idle production capacities & variations in income distribution -- against workers -- are the main reasons explaining Latin American drift towards stagnation. Also, income curving -- fostered by the development of the financial sector & its negative impact on productive investment -- , the state's withdrawal, & the absence of a significant industrial policy account for the free-rider tendency of investors, the 1990s modest growth rate, & a high volatility within the region. Appendixes, References. Adapted from the source document.

The 1989 & later presidential campaigns & the changes that Carlos Menem introduced into the Argentinian economy after becoming president in 1989 are discussed. The economic situation of the country worsened, 1987-1989. Menem disassembled the old amalgam of social forces -- the broad sector of business linked to the internal market, the majority of the union leaders, & a significant number of political parties -- that bound together in a centric state. In its place, he instituted a wide program of privatization & established solid alliances with the most economically powerful sectors of investors & business people. Like Peronism, this weakened the union & opposition parties. At this point, Menem's fortune is unraveling as the groups displaced by four consecutive years of recession & unemployment are exhausted. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the policies of financial globalization and the transition of banking in Mexico, considering them as part of an agenda of capitalist accumulation. The hypothesis is that the transition of banking has not contributed significantly to economic growth, in addition to constituting a transfer of national capital to global capital. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The results show the persistence of contemporary financial problems in Mexico. It concludes by highlighting the urgency of adapting the financial and banking system to the needs of various economic agents. Moreover, with a relatively large number of banks, focusing on a limited customer base, Mexico's financial needs, both public and private, continue to exceed its own resources. Global banks must open more investment channels and improve Mexico's overall reputation among investors.

After nearly a decade since the 1994 Mexican financial crisis many questions about its causes & treatment remain still unanswered. Both the 1994-1995 Mexican & the 1997-1998 Asian crises are known as the first crises of the globalization era, reflecting the vulnerability of emerging economies tackling financial quandaries. It is extremely important to better evaluate the possibilities of experiencing such crises & the reaction capacity of nations. Emerging economies, whose development usually depends largely on foreign financing & other capital incomes, are particularly fragile to shifts in the behavior of investors. This explains why the topic developed in this article is crucial, as a clear understanding of it prevents from repeating past errors. The authors include political & economic elements in the analysis of the Mexican financial crisis of late 1994. They also stress the relevance of having on hand variables that favor an adequate decision-making. Tables, Figures, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

Among the market-oriented reforms implemented in Russia since Jan 1992, economic liberalization policy ranks high, including the invitation made to foreign entrepreneurs to invest in the country. However, based on an analysis of various economic, political, & legal aspects of this Euro-Asian country, the author concludes that a lack of implementation of market structures & mechanisms, & the exclusion of foreign businessmen from state firms' massive privatization resulted in an unfavorable environment for foreign investments. Accordingly, Russian prospects of attracting huge investment flows did not materialize. The sectoral structure of foreign direct investments does not favor national industry's restructuring & upgrading. This is mainly due to an excessive concentration of industries in the energy sector, which results in an even greater reliance of the country on oil & gas production. Russia's political stabilization, after the Mar 2000 presidential elections, & the measures implemented by President Putin to advance market-oriented reforms, seem to suggest that this postcommunist country will continue offering good opportunities to foreign investors. 1 Appendix. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of the article was to analyze the cluster strategy in various countries of the world and to highlight the legal instruments that can be used in the process of creation and operation of clusters in Ukraine, taking into account the existing post-conflict socio-economic problems. The research methods used were: analysis, synthesis, consistency, comparison, generalization and prognosis, etc. The main models of cluster development in the world practice are analyzed. The characteristics of the state strategy in the field of regional clustering in the USA, Canada, Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Finland, Japan and China are studied. The authors focused on the legal instruments used in the process of creation and operation of clusters in different countries of the world, which it is advisable to borrow and implement in the Ukrainian legislation. Finally, the following problems of cluster creation in Ukraine have been identified: the lack of a legislative framework; a state strategy to support clusters, as well as incentives for investors. It is concluded that clusters in a difficult socio-economic situation in Ukraine should help to attract investments and develop the economy of regions affected by hostilities.

Using general and special scientific methods and generalized statistical data, the article reveals the essence of venture entrepreneurship, identifies the features and influence of venture investments on the innovative development of the Ukrainian economy in conditions of limited state resources. It has demonstrated the need to develop a strategy to improve the investment climate and expand venture investment in Ukraine, the main measures of which should include: improvement of the legislative framework; development of the innovation ecosystem in accordance with major global trends; formation of a favorable investment climate and tax regime for investors; development and implementation of new organizational and legal forms of venture investment; creation of conditions for the development of infrastructure units of the entrepreneurship ecosystem; formation of conditions for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the real sector of the economy, as well as in the scientific and technical sphere, etc. It concludes with recommendations on the need to increase the volume of venture capital investments in high-tech projects with an emphasis on the defense industrial complex, IT sphere and construction, among others.

The article aims to improve the state agribusiness regulatory system. It is established that the state regulatory system for agribusiness must be based on the application of a reasonable protectionism policy, guaranteeing food security through a system of tariffs and customs taxes on imported food products. The authors demonstrate the need to create a favorable climate for foreign investors, establish joint ventures in the agricultural business, provide state guarantees to foreign creditors by importing advanced equipment and technology, as well as finance key areas of science on business problems. Agricultural, the theoretical and methodological basis of this study is an abstract logical method, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis and systematization methods; as well as the statistical, economic and graphic methods used to study the levels and trends of change in the parameters of agricultural development in the current stage. In conclusion, it is revealed that parities in agricultural prices must include parity with consumer prices. For rural residents. The wages of employees in rural areas must guarantee the reproduction of the labor force and the development of the social sphere.

The Interoperability, continuous data and technology flow are core requirements of a proper smart city. Smart cities take on the characteristics of innovative, competitive and attractive megalopolises, which is strategically important for residents and investors. The aim of the article was to identify the current state and current issues of the Smart City concept implementation in Ukraine in the context of the experience of developed countries. The main methodological tools included the observation, statistical and comparative analysis. The study found that the effective development of digital transformation of territorial units in Ukraine requires focusing on certain factors during the implementation of the Smart City concept. Such factors conditionally include: technology-based infrastructure; environmental comments; constructive level of public transport; progressive city plans; opportunities for citizens to use appropriate resources. It was found reasonable to introduce infrastructural development of smart cities in Ukraine as a foundation of digital transformation of territorial units. Smart Cities were substantiated as an important tool for effective prevention and control of the pandemic without the introduction of restriction policies. A comparative analysis of the practice of Ukraine and developed countries in the implementation of infrastructural development of Smart Cities is a promising area of further research.

The Mexican state is the outcome of the great social upheavals which commenced in 1910; important to its legitimacy is successful portrayal of itself as the natural heir of the popular demands which the revolution articulated. In practice, however, the state follows a capitalist model of development; although it has improved the life of the working class (public health, literacy, housing, etc) it has also tended to sharpen social inequalities. Those who really benefited from the revolution (the new bourgeoisie, foreign investors, & the middle class) maintain their position by controlling subordinate social strata by effecting popular acceptance of the status quo through an interplay of economic, political, legal, & ideological influences. Domination strategies range from quasi-reforms that disarm potentially dissident groups to outright physical repression. The key element in subordination of the working class is its effective inclusion within the government-dominated Mexican Labor Confederation. The political apparatus uses this trade union as a broad base of support for its policies & as a means of pressure against rival dissident groups. Since existing law empowers the state to act as the arbiter between labor & capital, independent trade unions outside the official framework are not recognized. By controlling union leadership, the state limits demands from within & is thus usually able to avoid strikes & industrial ruptures that would conflict with its plans. The political crisis of 1958 is studied against the background of government manipulation. The crisis erupted during the transition period between presidents, & involved widespread strikes by telegraph, petroleum, railway, & electrical workers & students. Each striking sector had a different set of demands, & the new government of Lopez Mateos was initially divided as to how to deal with them. The application of various manipulative tactics against the strikers is described. S. Karganovic.