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Document discusses three bills introduced for congress to pass. If passed, they would give the United States the power to incarcerate any citizen for being an enemy of the state based on their race or previous citizenships, if they are of lineage or born in a country the United States is at war with. Document describes the bills and provides an objection explanation. ; Series: Joseph R. Goodman correspondence and other papers, 1942-1943 ; Joint resolution 305; Senate Bill 2293; Senate Bill 1720; Joseph R. Goodman papers on Japanese American incarceration, MS-840; California Historical Society.

Notecard with typescript memo declaring need for legally challenging forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans. Note card stamped "confidential." ; Notecard with a typed message in support of Fred Korematsu, and opposing incarceration of Japanese Americans; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Korematsu, Fred, 1942-1946--U.S. Supreme Court 1942-1944, MS-3580_1386; California Historical Society.

Note by United States District Judge Michael J. Roche: "Filed July 2, 1943 In the above-entitled cause it appearing upon the face of the petition that petitioner is not entitled to a writ of habeas corpus, and it further appearing that she has not exhausted her administrative remedies under the provisions of Executive Order No. 9102 (7 Fed. Reg. 2165) and the regulations promulgated thereunder, IT IS THEREFORE ordered that the petition for a write of habeas corpus be, and the same is, hereby denied, dated: July 2, 1943." Note is written on the back of a document titled "Statement of Oswald Garrison Villard on Chinese Exclusion before the H. R. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on May 20, 1943." ; Handwritten note by Judge Micheal J. Roche; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Considers (77) H.R. 1776. ; Considers legislation to authorize the President to order military assistance for WWII European allies. Includes discussion of consequences of U.S. involvement in European and Pacific conflicts in violation of international non-intervention agreements. Also considers possible impact of German seizure of South American financial assets on U.S. defense. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part IV ; Considers (77) H.R. 1776. ; Considers legislation to authorize the President to order military assistance for WWII European allies. Includes discussion of consequences of U.S. involvement in European and Pacific conflicts in violation of international non-intervention agreements. Also considers possible impact of German seizure of South American financial assets on U.S. defense. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes notice from the citizen's group, Arizona Citizens Power Protective Association, message from Sidney P. Osborn, Governor of Arizona, to the Arizona legislature that proposes the State Water and Power Authority Act, and related correspondence with Leo Weaver concerning his involvement with the Power Protective.

Report on study by a lawyers committee "to determine what questions should be raised in the cases testing the evacuation of Japanese American citizens under the West Coast evacuation orders." ; Supplementary report on Lawyers Committee to Study Evacuation Cases; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Note on scrap of paper: "932 for record. With _239 of the land code (28 U.S.C., Sec 346) it is ordered that the entire record in this case be certified _ to this court so that the whole matter in controversy may be considered by the court. The case is assigned for arg. _ed. fol. _ot. added, sanctioned, or permitted by his carelessness or negligence!" ; Handwritten note on scrap of paper; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Report with details about a study by a lawyers committee of "matters triable under the Resolution" by the [ACLU] Board, which allowed for "any question other than a direct attack upon the power of the President or the military commanders to set up military zones and remove citizens." ; Report on Lawyers Committee to Study Evacuation Cases; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Note from Hubert Phillips to Ernest Besig: "Mr. Besig: Here is another dollar to be added to the amount formerly sent to used in connection with the Endo case. H. Phillips." Added below: "Credit Mrs. John Hoien Fowler $1.00 check encased Am. Civ. Lib. Union. Hastily _ Kellogg." ; Note from Hubert Phillips to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Memo from Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig regarding a bill from Supreme Court clerk for the cost in the Gordon Hirabayashi case. Ralston writes "to save time am forwarding my check." Hirabayashi is misspelled "Hirabayaski." Memo from Besig to Ralston on verso: "My dear Judge Ralston, Please excuse the delay in returning the money you advanced in the Hirabayashi case. I did not abscond with the A.C.L.U. fortune and then change my mind; I was merely on a vacation. I'm sorry you weren't at the last meeting. We really could have used your wisdom, because the problem was a tough one. Lacking your help, we did the best we could and hope you'll approve. I'll look forward to seeing you at the next meeting." ; Memo from Judge Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, August 9, 1943; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Memo from Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig regarding payment of a bill from the Supreme Court for the cost in the Gordon Hirabayashi case. ; Memo from Judge Jackson H. Ralston to Ernest Besig, Director, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, August 9, 1943; American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California Records--Case Files, 1934-1993--Endo, Mitsuye, 1942-1944, MS 3580-1127; California Historical Society.

Bulletin prepared by the Student Relocation Committee, with the stated purpose "to describe briefly some of the considerations which have convinced the Student Relocation Committee of the necessity and practicality of permitting college students and high school graduates of Japanese ancestry to continue their study in colleges outside the West coast military zones." ; Series: Joseph R. Goodman correspondence and other papers, 1942-1943 ; Bulletin (Student Relocation Committee (Berkeley, Calif.)), no. 2 (May 16, 1942); Joseph R. Goodman papers on Japanese American incarceration, MS-840; California Historical Society.

Photocopy of declassified correspondence concerning the enlistment of Navajo tribal members for service with the Marine Corps during World War II. Documents include memorandiums and correspondence from Philip Johnston and military personnel outlining the program's potential benefits and Johnston's qualifications as a participant. The program was designed to use the Navajo language as a code lexicon between combat units in the South Pacific. This program received no publicity during the war. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The Navajo Code Talkers Collection (1919-1976, with bulk dates of 1942-1945) documents the development and implementation of the highly successful Navajo Code Talkers program used in the Pacific Theater during World War II. The collection also records Philip Johnston involvement in the development and implementation of this crucial program. Philip Johnston is credited with having conceived the idea of using Native Americans speaking their native language as the foundation for a cryptographic code that could be used to quickly and confidently transmit confidential and sensitive information. The code was never broken by the Japanese and has been attributed with being an integral part of the Allies success in the South Pacific.

Photocopy of declassified documents include Marine Corps questionnaire for applicants for enlistment, a proposed plan for recruiting Indian Signal Corps personnel on the Navajo Indian Reservation, a recruiting brochure "My Friends the Navajos," and several correspondence between Johnston and military personnel concerning the implementation of communication duty [Navajo Code Talkers Project]. Topics include discussion of the project's feasibility and an assessment of the success rate, recruitment efforts, and training objectives; enlargement of the Navajo training dictionary and instructions at the Navajo Communication School regarding the use of alternative letters and tempo changes to conceal important messages from the Japanese; and the allocation of code talkers to combat units. Correspondents include Philip Johnston, J.E. Jones, Wethered Woodworth, and Frank L. Shannon. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The Navajo Code Talkers Collection (1919-1976, with bulk dates of 1942-1945) documents the development and implementation of the highly successful Navajo Code Talkers program used in the Pacific Theater during World War II. The collection also records Philip Johnston involvement in the development and implementation of this crucial program. Philip Johnston is credited with having conceived the idea of using Native Americans speaking their native language as the foundation for a cryptographic code that could be used to quickly and confidently transmit confidential and sensitive information. The code was never broken by the Japanese and has been attributed with being an integral part of the Allies success in the South Pacific.

Photocopy of declassified correspondence and memorandium of military personnel praising the success of the code talkers in the field, recommending additional induction of educated Navajos into communication duty, and planning expansion of their deployment into other critical combat areas. Discussion concerning the success rate of training, general aptitude of Navajo Indians for general Marine duty, and the importance of using the Navajo language which was not studied by the Axis nations prior to the war, and an inquiry from the Bureau of Indian Affairs for more information about the secretive program. Lastly, correspondence regarding an investigation conducted by the Marine Corps on possible information leaks about the code talkers program that resulted in an Arizona Highway's article published in June 1943. Correspondents include Philip Johnston, Dover P. Trent, and Frank L. Shannon. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The Navajo Code Talkers Collection (1919-1976, with bulk dates of 1942-1945) documents the development and implementation of the highly successful Navajo Code Talkers program used in the Pacific Theater during World War II. The collection also records Philip Johnston involvement in the development and implementation of this crucial program. Philip Johnston is credited with having conceived the idea of using Native Americans speaking their native language as the foundation for a cryptographic code that could be used to quickly and confidently transmit confidential and sensitive information. The code was never broken by the Japanese and has been attributed with being an integral part of the Allies success in the South Pacific.