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SUMMARYThe paper attempts to present a framework for a number of sociological considerations involved in the analysis of water resources development practices. Special emphasis is given to the nature of some organizational implications connected in irrigated areas in tropical countries and to various constraints affecting the development and future use of water resources for agricultural purposes.The main argument is that in many heavily populated countries there is much scope for the improvement of organizational measures concerning water utilization besides the development of natural water resources as such. In describing problems of water development a systems approach is advocated, which attempts to integrate social and physical dimensions in order to achieve maximum utilization of water resources.The conclusion is the paper delineates the importance of the participation of water users in the planning and implementation of projects and to make provisions for flexibility in water management.RéSUMéCet article essaye de présenter un cadre pour tout un nombre de considérations ?importance pour ľanalyse des méthodes employées dans le cadre du développement des ressources en eau. Ľaccent est mis tout particuliérement sur la nature de certaines implications pour Porganisation dans les zones irriguées des pays tropicaux, et sur les différentes contraintes affectant le développement des ressources en eau et leur usage ultérieur dans ľagriculture. Ľargument principal est que dans beaucoup de pays tres peuples, parallélement au développement des ressources naturelles en eau, il y a un large champ de manoeuvre pour amdliorer ľorganisation de ľutilisation de ľeau. En décrivant le probleme du développement des ressources en eau, nous défendons une approche systématique qui essaie ?intégrer les dimensions sociales et physiques afin ?atteindre une utilisation maximale des ressources en eau.La conclusion de ľarticle esquisse Pimportance ?une participation des utilisateurs de ľeau à la planification et à la mise en aeuvre des projets, et celle ?une grande flexibilityé dans le cadre de la gestion de ľeau.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel versucht einen Oberblick über eine Anzahl soziologische Problemstellungen in Bezug auf die Analyse der Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Nutzung von Wasserressourcen zu geben. Beson‐deres Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Bedeutung einiger organisatorischer Gesichtspunkte in bewässerten Gebieten tropischer Länder und auf diverse Constraints, die auf die Entwicklung und auf den zukünftigen Gebrauch von Wasserressourcen für landwirtschaftliche Zwecke Einfluß nehmen, gerichtet.Neben der Entwicklung natürlicher Wasserressourcen, so das Hauptargument, besteht in dichtbevölkerten Landern ein großer Spielraum zur Verbesserung organisatorischer Maßnahmen zur Wassernutzung. Bei der Beschreibung von Problemen der Entwicklung der Wassernutzung wird ein Systemansatz befürwortet, der soziale und physische Dimensionen zu integrieren sucht, urn hierdurch zu einer maximalen Ausnutzung der Wasserressourcen zu gelangen.Die Schlubxfolgerung dieses Artikels zeigt die Bedeutung sowohl der Teilnahme von Wassernutzern an Planung und Durchführung von Projekten, als auch der Sicherstellung der Flexibilität in der Wasserbewirtschaftung.

Papers presented at the Conference on Public Intervention in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems, Kathmandu, Nepal, 3-6 August 1986, sponsored by the International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI) in collaboration with the Water & Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) of the Ministry of Water Resources of Government of Nepal.

Introduction; Legal structure; Small-scale farming systems; Government assistance programs; Findings; Conclusion; References; Appendix ; Research report containing the results of a study to consolidate information on management methods for irrigation systems in small communities throughout New Mexico.

Solar power has been one of the main focus areas in the clean energy trajectory with massive potential for application in the agriculture sector, particularly in the irrigation space. Underpinning technology and government programs have made accessing renewable energy such as solar power, very much within the reach of the communities. Solar powered irrigation system (SPIS) has been gaining the necessary impetus from development professionals and government, due to its ability to curtail climate change while supporting the economic growth of the country. With an increasing focus on solar energy use in agriculture, several pilots and models of solar irrigation systems have been rolled out in the country. In-spite of this, the majority of the agricultural water needs are being met by electricity or diesel operated pumps. Scaling up solar irrigation mechanism has been a challenge even though Indian government is promoting them by offering heavy subsidies. Further, recent studies have shown that while some of the existing models are limiting greenhouse gas emission, some are leading to dwindling of groundwater. This rationale the need to comprehensively synthesize existing pilot initiatives, which will in-turn lead to the identification of efficient and effective models for sustainable development. It also highlights the necessity to evaluate different business and institutional models of solar irrigation system to understand factors supporting and hindering the adoption of various solar irrigation systems. With this vision of generating comprehensive knowledge on different functional solar powered smart irrigation models in India and their scalability, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), BISA-CIMMYT with support of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH), India has studied and documented different models of solar pumps in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The main objectives to bring forth this compendium are: to document qualitatively various deployment models of solar powered irrigation systems and to understand the factors impacting scalability of solar powered irrigation systems in India. Detailed information about the process of installation of SPIS, their usage and maintenance was collected. The different approaches have been documented in the form of case studies developed through primary and secondary research. Total 16 case studies describing different solar irrigation deployment models that are either highly popular and represent a significant portion of the solar pumps used today or they show innovations that have the potential to reach scale are documented. The compendium documents one case for centralised SPIS, two distributed SPIS and thirteen examples for decentralised systems. We tried to capture the key technical, social, institutional and financial attributes of the deployment approaches in the cases to enable comparative analysis and synthesis. This compendium brings together a collection of experiences from various geographies and from different stakeholders. The contributions are not intended to be state-of-the art academic articles but thought and discussion pieces of work in progress.

Argues that single irrigation systems managed by autonomous system-specific organizations accountable to their customers, perform better and are more sustainable than those managed by agencies dependent on the government, or by agencies responsible for multiple systems. Selected cases are reviewed and the plausibility of this hypothesis established. General recommendations are made for policy makers designing irrigation reform programs.

An innovative project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will modernize irrigation systems in five drought-prone provinces in the south central coastal and central highland regions of Viet Nam. The Water Efficiency Improvement in Drought-Affected Provinces (WEIDAP) Project embodies a conceptual shift toward irrigation modernization, integrating climate resilience measures and improved agricultural practices.