Suchergebnisse

Biofuel production has been widely debated in Brazil and in 2014 was created the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (NPPB). This program encouraging a greater share of renewable energies in the Brazilian energy matrix, aiming to implement sustainably , technical , and economic , production and use of biodiesel, with a focus on social inclusion and regional development by generating employment and income . On the national scene, the State of Tocantins is distinguished by having a wide availability of land and has good prospects because of logistical deployment of new modes of transportation. Family farming is considered the major driver of agribusiness with approximately 45000 farms. In this context, this paper aims to demonstrate the factors that contribute to the scenario of biodiesel production in the state of Tocantins.

The expansion of citizenship and rights in countries in countries with democracies sanctioned to the State provision of social protection, leading to the coverage expansion of Welfare State. The Welfare is a type of political and economics organization that position the State as an agent of social promotion and organizer of the economy. However, the economic difficulties experienced by Latin American countries boosted target actions. In this context, the first national cash transfer programs in the region was established between the 80 and 90s, expanding to almost every country in the 2000s. Thus, the main objective of this work is to develop a case study qualitative research, by describing the experiences of Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Honduras, in order to identify their historical trajectories, proposals and specificities, besides allowing identifying possible influences they exert on other social policies. For this, this work is characterized by a study of case, through the qualitative approach of the social programs of Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Honduras. For Cash Transfer Programs if constitute useful and effective tools of Social Protection, it is concluded that these should be objective, with defined powers and responsibilities. ; A expansão da cidadania e das dimensões dos direitos nos países com democracias sancionou ao Estado a provisão da proteção social, levando à expansão da cobertura de Bem-estar. O Welfare State ou Estado de Bem-estar Social é um tipo de organização política e econômica que posiciona o Estado como agente da promoção social e organizador da economia. Porém, as dificuldades econômicas vivenciadas pelos países latino-americanos impulsionaram ações focalizadas. Neste contexto, os primeiros programas nacionais de transferência de renda na região estabeleceram-se entre as décadas de 80 e 90, expandindo-se à praticamente todos os países nos anos 2000. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, por meio da descrição das experiências do Brasil, México, Colômbia e Honduras, no intuito de identificar suas trajetórias históricas, propostas e especificidades, além de possibilitar identificar as possíveis influências que exercem sobre as demais políticas sociais. Para isso, este trabalho se caracteriza por um estudo de caso, através da abordagem qualitativa, dos programas sociais do Brasil, Colômbia, México e Honduras. Para que os programas de transferência de renda se constituam instrumentos úteis e eficazes de Proteção Social, conclui-se que estes devem ser objetivos, com competências e responsabilidades delimitadas.

The objective of this article is to investigate the space-time dynamics of vegetation cover and land use and the Environmental State of the landscape regions of the southwestern portion of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.The vegetation cover and land use maps were generated from the Landsat 5 satellite images from 1984, and Landsat 8 from 2013 in the SPRING software. Map quantifications and layouts were elaborated withArcGis. The regionalization and analysis of the environmental state of the landscape were made through a regional geoecological matrix. From the results obtained, it was verified that the anthropic uses in the period of study were expanded by 134.08% while the vegetal coverings were reduced by 21.66% and the water bodies by 39%. Pasture is the predominant land use in the region, 24.09% (31,335.86 km²), mainly occupying the flat and smooth wavy terrain. Forest cover totaled 66.36% (84,967.12 km2), being found mainly in forest fragments, in which the larger territorial dimensions are either protected by environmental legislation or located in indigenous lands. Eight landscape regions were delimited in the southwest portion of Mato Grosso, including the Paraguay River Depression, which presents the landscape with the highest percentage of anthropic uses, predominantly the Degraded Environmental State. It was concluded that there is a need to adopt land use practices that minimize the environmental degradation of landscape regions, considering that during the period under investigation, the expansion of anthropic uses, mainly Livestock, directly influenced the suppression of vegetation cover.

This article is the result of a narrative literature review. The objective is to show the development of an overview on the ideological debate on the design of state health policies. We argue that the role of the state in the development of health policy, even under the pressure of the global market, may create alternatives to promote and drive economic and social development, meaning they are not subject to economic constraints imposed by the liberal ideal of market. Here is a part of a theoretical discussion about the construction and presence of the State in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. We take the approaches of the Marxist tradition and liberal to the issue as reference. This discussion allows us to understand the historical role of the state in the maintenance of social policies, specifically health, is an alternative to public control eases the intense capital mobility promoted by economic globalization. In this sense, the theme makes the Brazilian health an important issue of social sciences, why is the historicity of the construction of the Brazilian health system, as a public policy that can mirror the actual reconstruction of the institutional framework of the Brazilian state with the establishment instances of negotiation between the various spheres of power that strengthen the state in this process of democratization of Brazilian society. ; Este artigo é resultado de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, visando o desenvolvimento de um panorama acerca do debate ideológico sobre a concepção de Estado nas políticas de saúde. Nele, argumentamos que o papel do Estado brasileiro no desenvolvimento da política de saúde, mesmo sob a pressão do mercado globalizado, pode criar alternativas para promover e direcionar o desenvolvimento econômico e social, e que isso não significa submeter-se às restrições econômicas impostas pelo ideal liberal de mercado. Apresentamos parte de uma discussão teórica acerca da construção e presença do Estado na América Latina e, particularmente, no Brasil, tomando como referências as abordagens da tradição marxista e da liberal sobre a questão. Essa discussão permite-nos entender que o papel histórico do Estado na manutenção de políticas públicas sociais, especificamente as de saúde, é uma alternativa para que o controle público amenize a intensa mobilidade de capital promovida pela globalização econômica. Nesse sentido, o tema torna a saúde nacional uma questão importante das Ciências Sociais, por que é na historicidade da construção do sistema de saúde brasileiro, como política pública, que se pode espelhar a própria reconstrução do arcabouço institucional do Estado brasileiro, com a instauração de instâncias de negociação entre as diversas esferas de poder que fortalecem esse mesmo Estado no processo de redemocratização da sociedade brasileira.

In this paper, we will investigate the political meaning of history in Kant's and Hegel's Philosophy of History. Both of them, each in its own way, the substantiation of a given political system - centered in the structuration of the Constitutional State - the fulfillment of human's history supreme finality. We will analyze, to this end, the works 'Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose', written in 1784, five years before the French Revolution and 'Reason in History - a general introduction to Philosophy of History', organized from the lectures given by Hegel in his maturity. In the final considerations, we'll try to problematize the notions of "sense" and "finality" of History.

In this text, we intend to develop the elements that make up the criticism that Hannah Arendt presents at the end of the interview granted to the German writer Adelbert Reif in the summer of 1970 to the concept of state and modern government, and that are not developed by Arendt at that moment. To this end, we will initially expose Arendt's criticism of the emptying of public space and the attempt to reduce political participation to the electoral process. To counteract these problems inherent to the modern concept of state and government, Hannah Arendt mentions, even slightly, the possibility of a council-state. However, in this text Arendt does not explore these concepts and experiences, but only relates them to the need for transformation of the modern concept of state and government, i.e., it allows the perception of the actuality of her previous reflection. In view of this, the hypothesis explored in this text is that this 1970 interview serves as a reading key to understand the relevance and actuality of the parallel between parties x council developed by the author in On Revolution in 1963 and adds a new element, namely, the theme of the need to institutionalize a forgotten experience: the councils.