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This paper aims to analyze religion's roles related to the political activities in the contemporary Middle East. Constructivism is a framework that offers the way to understand the phenomenon. Constructivism provides a place for the influence of non-material factors such as the value, identity, and purpose of actor behavior in politics. In this article, the author examines through two levels of analysis, ie state level and regional level. At the state level, Islamic political ideology grows in a modern state and often confronts democracy. The debate over the application of Islamic law, the involvement in elections, and the adaptation of Islamic justice principles and the principle of equality are the discourses that characterize political activity in the Middle East. At the regional level, Islam exerts impact in foreign policy in the region. The regional tensions between Sunni and Shiite groups, the resistance in the context of jihad, and the emergence of ISIS are part of the conflict that contributes to regional instability. These political behaviors shows that Islam is not a religion with a single interpretation.Keywords: Islam, Middle East, constructivism, modern states, foreign policy

This paper discusses the relationship in post-independence Malaysia between the state, civil society and the country's dominant religion, that is, Islam. When Malaya obtained independence from the British in 1957, many expected that Islam would lead to social and economic decline. The constitution states that Islam is the state religion, although it also states that religious freedom for non-Muslims is assured without discrimination. Since then, religious affairs have remained a state responsibility and Malaysia has been hailed for decades as an oasis of moderate Islam. However, during the last few years religiously motivated hatred has become prevalent and popular in Malaysia for many reasons. This paper underlines the factors that have led to the growth of hate and the decline of the moderate Islam previously found in Malaysia. It proposes that the radicalisation of Malaysian Muslims should be evaluated within the framework of current geopolitics and the impact on the well-being of the Muslim world, rather than localising it into regional and national faults. The paper argues that Islam in Malaysia is an instrument that shapes the political behaviour of the public and the ruling elite. Lastly, the paper proposes that effective governance and ensuring that citizens' rights are respected are some of the most effective ways of eliminating extremism and preventing radicalisation.

This research is a literature study that discusses and analyzes the relationship between religion and politics from the historical aspect, the development of religion in the political realm as well as the discourse between the two things. Philological analysis is used to determine the extent of the relationship between political theory and religious belief, in this case Islam. The results of the analysis illustrate that religion as the basis for political morals is no longer used as it should, but only becomes a tool to win power. In that context, the people of the State have presented themselves as an organized mass, and they are not aware that a structural crime (made in such a way) has happened to them, they are given little pleasure while others who win the power take more benefits from the State. they. Political violence has actually occurred wrapped in a certain ideology or religion, and its legitimacy has been very well tested, especially if the legitimacy is obtained through instruments under the political democratic system through general elections. General elections become a very significant relationship with the legitimacy of political power.