Suchergebnisse

The positive, unifying ideological resources of liberal and progressive Islamic interpretations deserve more than ever to be exploited in the contemporary socio-political context. Their conceptual tools, principles and theses could solve the conflictual cleavage, politically manipulated, between Islam and Western modernity, without repudiating the references to an Islamic paradigm. Therefore, liberal and progressive Islamic understandings could avoid the recent superficial oscillation between two ideological -artificially constructed- extremes, namely either confining the discussions to the secular, colonialist or postcolonialist perspectives, or promoting the defensive opportunist neotraditionalist Islamic approaches, specific to the nationalist movements of the last century so-called Islamic revival. Liberal Islam does not fully adopt all liberal theses and does not obediently imitate Western philosophy. Liberal Islamic understandings are defined by the opposition against teocracy and by supporting the democracy. Women, minorities and non-Muslims' rights in Muslim-majority countries, freedom of thought and trust in human progress, are other essential tenets that are fundamented on contemporary understandings of the major Islamic sources. Trying to correct some excesses that the liberal Muslims were accused of, but maintaining the reformist tendencies, progressive Muslims' approach is centered on a "multiple critiqueˮ ‒ a simultaneous critique of the diverse discourses and communities in which Muslims are situated. Not only the authoritarian constructions of literalist, puritanist Muslims, the violation of human rights, freedom of expression and of religion, the oppression of women in some Muslim countries are condemned and deconstructed, but also some political, economic, intellectual hegemonic Western aspects of modernity. In Romania these contemporary tendencies of interpreting Islam are not yet represented at a community level.

Zenobia en Khadîja, wie kent hun namen en geschiedenis? Zenobia was een krijgslustige koningin uit Palmyra, in het huidige Syrië, die het opnam tegen de Perzen en de Romeinen. Khadîja werd door Muhammad ten huwelijk te vragen de eerste moslima ter wereld.De artikelen in het 29e Jaarboek voor Vrouwengeschiedenis bieden met hun verrassende presentatie van illustere vrouwenlevens tegenwicht aan het dominante beeld van islamitische vrouwen als passief en onderdrukt. Het centrale thema van dit Jaarboek is gender en macht in de islamitische geschiedenis. Zonder voorbij te gaan aan de beperkingen die

The article explores the rationale of the Romanian political community as defined by its successive constitutional layouts, since the first fundamental law of 1866, including the Communist constitutional settings, and concluding with the post-communist constitutional design. This consistency of the political community is tested by means of an analytical distinction between the Nation-State and the National State. The former is understood as the institutional underpinning of a community bearing a political project. The latter is seen as the institutional outcome of an ethnic group and the warrant of its political integrity. Such an examination of the Romanian constitutional production sheds light on the historical and unambiguous predominance of the National State, while the Nation State emerged briefly and warily in the Romanian setting in the form of the socialist nation state. By the same token, this approach questions the adequacy between democracy and this rationale of the Romanian political community. While the socialist Nation State, as it was constitutionally designed, failed to guarantee the effectiveness of popular democracy, the Romanian National State, as it was shaped by the successive constitutional texts, pre-communist and post-communist, was always unable to accommodate completely with democracy.

Dit boek beoogt een kennismaking te geven met het recht van de klassieke islam en van de contemporaine islam-georie͏̈nteerde wereld. Het is in het bijzonder een beschrijving van het islamitische personen-, familie- en erfrecht, de onderdelen van het islamitische recht die tot op de dag van vandaag in de nationale wetgevingen van de landen van de islamitische wereld doorwerken. Daarnaast volgen inleidingen op het vermogensrecht, bestuursrecht, strafrecht, procesrecht en internationaal publiek- en privaatrecht, onderdelen van het islamitisch recht, die in beperkte of indirecte zin nog van invloed zijn op het hedendaagse recht van islam-georie͏̈nteerde landen

Does the fact that the majority of Turkey's population is Muslim form a hindrance to its EU membership? According to a recent policy advice by the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR), the answer is an adamant 'no'. Why is this issue of Turkish Islam relevant? After all, Turkey should not be judged by standards other than the Copenhagen criteria. The answer is that the public debate outside 'Brussels' will not be limited to these official criteria. Many people in Europe are worried about Turkey's 'Islam factor'. They believe that Muslims are (potentially violent) fundamentalists who want to establish a theocracy. By explicitly examining the role of Turkish Islam and Muslims in Turkey, the WRR wants to contribute to a well-informed European public debate on Turkey's accession. - Bij de vraag of Turkije lid kan worden van de Europese Unie speelt de islam officieel geen rol. Maar binnen en buiten de politiek vragen velen zich af of Turkije als moslimland wel past bij de Europese Unie. Kan de islam samengaan met democratie, mensenrechten en de scheiding van religie en staat? In dit rapport gaat de Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid in op de plaats van religie in de Europese Unie en in Turkije. Het leerstuk van de scheiding van religie en staat vormt hiervan een belangrijk onderdeel. Naast het rapport bevat deze publicatie ook de verkenning van Erik-Jan Zürcher en Heleen van der Linden Zoeken naar de breuklijn, die onder meer ingaat op de houdbaarheid van het wijdverbreide beeld dat er een culturele en religieuze 'breuklijn' loopt tussen Turkije en Europa. Zij hebben deze studie speciaal voor het WRR-rapport geschreven.

Hans Schippers assesses the position of the Islamic AK Party led by Prime Minister Erdogan in the light of the relationship between religion and the state in Turkey. Although the AK Party won the general elections in 2002, Erdogan has the Damocletian sword of a military coup hanging above his head ever since. The military consider themselves to be the guardians of Kemal Atatürk's legacy of Turkey as a secular state. In the past decades they intervened four times in politics, the most recent one the 1998 'post modern' coup to oust the Islamic Prime Minister Erbakan, whose approach to Iran, critical opinions on the EU and NATO and favourisation of religious education had gone too far in the eyes of the military. Erdogan cleverly avoided the mistakes of his predecessor. He declared the AKP to be a conservative, pro-EU and pro-NATO party that would seek adherence to the mostly christian-democratic European Peoples Party. His government would be liberal and respect people with different opinions on religion. Erdogan did well in regional elections of 2004. However, he met with growing criticism in the following two years. The organisational structure of the AKP is undemocratic and the number of women active in the party is far too limited, his critics remarked. The party is accused of conducting a campaign of 'creeping islamisation' of Turkish society. The military closely monitor every decision of the government near two-thirds majority in parliament and he could They have the support of the secular president have a party member elected. This would increase Sezer who has amended or rejected a large number the chances of military intervention. Erdogan will of Erdogans proposals. A crucial moment for the probably opt for a compromise candidate. However, AKP-government will be the election by parliament until the arliamentary elections of November, the of a new president, coming May. Erdogan has a political.