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- The mount of Mercy. - - Islamic festivals. - - The Prophet's wives. - - Hajj: Holy pilgrimage. - - The Prophet's character. - - Caliphs in Succession. - - The second Caliph. - - The third Caliph. - - The fourth Caliph. - - Muayiya, the first Umayyad Caliph 661-680. - - The great split of the year 680. - - Sunni/Shia Islam. - - Wahhabi Islam. - - Ahmadiyya Islam. - - The Taliban: no Islam. - - Prophet Mohammad's Islam

This study discusses two faces of Islam regarding its relationship with the state, namely cultural Islam and political Islam. Cultual Islam believes that to spread Islamic values does not have to take power, but can also pay attention to the grassroots, by preaching to the community, establishing educational, health and economic institutions. Whereas cultural Islam is more power-oriented, they believe that with that power it can be easy to apply Islamic teachings, and some even want to change the shape of the country into an Islamic state. Some political Islamists participate in parties, and some are non-parties. Usually, those who are non-party are more likely to be radical. Both have advantages and disadvantages, what is clear is that cultural Islam is more humane and has an impression on society.

It is in the battle for Islam's soul that the United States and liberal Islam share a common strategic goal: the systematic dismantlement and delegitimization of the rogue Islamist discourse that portrays America as an anti-Islam crusader and Islam as an ideology of hate and violence.

Tulisan ini mendiskusikan akan pentingnya upaya mereformasi pendidikan Islam dengan menampilkan wajah Islam toleran dapat dijelaskan dari sudut pandang filsafat perenialisme, esensialisme dan progresifisme. Dalam pandangan perenialisme kurikulum adalah "construct" yang dibangun untuk mentransfer apa yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu kepada generasi berikutnya untuk dilestarikan, diteruskan atau dikembangkan. Sementara dalam prespektif filsafat progresivisme, posisi kurikulum adalah untuk membangun kehidupan masa depan dimana kehidupan masa lalu, masa sekarang, dan berbagai rencana pengembangan dan pembangunan bangsa dijadikan dasar untuk mengembangkan kehidupan masa depan. Dari sinilah sangat memungkinkan untuk mengajarkan prinsip –prinsip ajaran Islam yang humanis, demokratis dan berkeadilan kepada peserta didik. Sebuah prinsip-prinsip ajaran Islam yang sangat relevan untuk memasuki masa depan dunia yang ditandai dengan adanya keanekaragaman budaya dan agama

Politic has been defined simply by Harold Laswell as who gets what, when, how?Many people say that politic is synonymous with power. The "power" is the ability of agroup to influence other groups according to the subject wishes. Furthermore, thepolitical experts see the power as a political core and also assume that politic is all amatter of fight and maintain activities power. It has a purpose related to the interests of the entire community. On the other hand mentioned that politic is the process offormation and distribution of a power in society such as decision-making process,particularly in countries. This understanding is the incorporation effort between manydifferent definitions of the political nature which is known in political science. Politic is the art and science to gain power constitutionally and unconstitutionally. Principally political Islam is to actualize Islamic law as the supreme source of lawin the national legal order. All laws and regulations applicable in a country should refer to the highest legal source Shari'a. If there is any conflict with the shari"a, then it is automatically canceled regulations. Politics that do not have a mission like this can not be classified as political Islam.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Muslim origins in China -- 2 Muslim transplantation in early China -- 3 Muslim entrenchment in medieval China -- 4 Muslim renaissance and resistance in late imperial China -- 5 Muslim nation-building in post-imperial China -- 6 Muslims and the state in Communist China -- 7 Muslim diversity in contemporary China -- 8 Chinese Muslims, global Islam and the global power of China -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

AbstractGender is one of a number of contemporary discourse that can be called that is enough to get the attention of many people, from the teenagers, among movement activists, academics and students, the legislature and government, to the clergy. The purpose of this discourse is a close social injustice based on gender differences, the next attempt to bring about equality between men and women on the social aspects. Gender discourse can be categorized into at least four appearances, namely as a movement, a philosophical discourse, the development of social issues to religious issues, and as an approach in the study of religion. This paper will discuss the perspectives of gender equality as conceived by Muslim feminists. Generally it can be stated that the goal of feminism is the struggle to achieve equality, dignity, and freedom of women in selecting and managing the life and body, both inside and outside the household.Kata Kunci: kesetaraan, gender, gerakan, feminisme Islam

The revival of Muslim values and ideas in Central Asia is perceived primarily through the lens of security, both among local regimes and by the West. The focus on extreme forms of Islam, however, prevents a balanced assessment of the religious discourse itself and obscures the reasons for the growing attraction of Islam and its potential as a force for order in the post-Soviet states. This study explores the social and political background to the revival of Islamic discourses, networks and practices in Tajikistan since the end of the Soviet Union, identifying the central actors, and laying out the intellectual and social coordinates of the symbolic struggles they are involved in. The growing significance of Islam as a source of moral and practical guidance is associated with a differentiation and pluralisation of the landscape of actors and discourses. The interpretative monopoly of the Hanafite clergy, who cultivate a tradition of tolerance towards culture-specific ritual practice and secular lifeworlds, is now challenged by reformist and universalist doctrines that reject the pragmatic consensus of the religious establishment. The state responds by suppressing the influence of religion through increasingly pervasive surveillance, but this cannot prevent the dissemination of the unwanted teachings. Reversing the tide would demand pro-active investment in good religious education. (Autorenreferat)

Der Bericht beinhaltet die Diskussionen und Ergebnisse des Workshops 'Öffentliche Bereiche, öffentlicher Islam und Modernitäten', der im Oktober 2002 an der Universität Bielefeld stattfindet. Das Ziel des Austausches ist die Auflösung der klassischen Dichotomie von Tradition und Modernität im Kontext der Religion und hier insbesondere des Islams, der regelmäßig mit Tradition und prä-modernem Leben in Verbindung gebracht wird. Statt dessen gilt es, die wachsende Bedeutung religiöser Organisationen als Akteure im öffentlichen Bereich in Bezug zu den inneren Dynamiken der Globalisierung und somit der Modernität anzusehen. Die Präsentationen der Teilnehmer basieren auf empirischen Feldforschungen in muslimischen Gesellschaften und werfen Fragen über die spezifische Konstitution des öffentlichen Bereiches im Rahmen der Bedeutung politischer Religion in einer globalisierten Welt auf. Methodologische Aspekte wie die vergleichende Soziologie und theoretische Fragen nach den klassischen Konzepten des öffentlichen Bereichs bzw. des sozialen Raums werden hierbei aus einem kritischen post-kolonialen Blickwinkel diskutiert. Auf diese Weise finden auch die historischen Bedingungen des Prozesses der Wissensproduktion, die diesen Konzepten zugrunde liegen, Berücksichtigung. Dem gemäß gliedern sich die Ausführungen in die folgenden Themen: (1) die gegenwärtigen Debatten in der Entwicklungssoziologie zu den Untersuchungsgegenständen öffentlicher Bereich, Zivilgesellschaft und Gender, (2) die Konstruktion des sozialen Raumes seitens der Frauen im Sudan, (3) öffentliche Bereiche in muslimischen Gesellschaften, (4) der Islam und transnationale Migration sowie (5) die islamische Translokalität in Eurasien. (ICG2)