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Sinceits founding by Jacques Waardenburg in 1971, Religion and Reason has been a leading forum for contributions on theories, theoretical issues and agendas related to the phenomenon and the study of religion. Topics include (among others) category formation, comparison, ethnophilosophy, hermeneutics, methodology, myth, phenomenology, philosophy of science, scientific atheism, structuralism, and theories of religion. From time to time the series publishes volumes that map the state of the art and the history of the discipline.

The articles included in this Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam are focused on two perspectives: Some link the comparative analysis of Islam to ongoing debates on the Axial Age and its role in the formation of major civilizational complexes, while others are more concerned with the historical constellations and sources involved in the formation of Islam as a religion and a civilization. More than any other particular line of inquiry, new historical and sociological approaches to the Axial Age revived the idea of comparative civilizational analysis and channeled it into more specific projects. A closer look at the very problematic place of Islam in this context will help to clarify questions about the Axial version of civilizational theory as well as issues in Islamic studies and sociological approaches to modern Islam.

Ziel der Untersuchung ist es zu zeigen, welcher Gewinn sich für ein an Unternehmenssteuerung interessiertes Management aus einer Betrachtung der Unternehmensentwicklung aus wissensorientierter Perspektive ergibt. Hierzu wird zunächst ein Begriff von Wissen in Organisationen formuliert, der nicht auf das Konzept der Wissensgesellschaft Bezug nimmt. Auf dieser Basis wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Steuerung einer Organisation und Wissen auf der Ebene der organisationalen Prozesse untersucht. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels setzt sich der Verfasser mit der Frage auseinander, inwiefern das Management des Wissens einer Organisation eine Option für eine Steuerung der Organisation und ihrer Entscheidungsprozesse darstellt. Eine Organisation, die sich für die Option 'Entscheidung auf der Basis von Wissen' ausspricht, kann - wo das Fazit der Untersuchung - sinnvolle reziproke Subsystem-Subsystem-Beziehungen aufbauen und so dem Ziel von Selbstbeschränkung und gegenseitiger Abstimmung bei Beibehaltung von Autonomie nahe kommen. (ICE2)

We use a unique dataset on Muslim domination between 711-1492 and literacy in 1860 for about 7500 municipalities to study the long-run impact of Islam on human-capital in historical Spain. Reduced-form estimates show a large and robust negative relationship between length of Muslim rule and literacy. We argue that, contrary to local arrangements set up by Christians, Islamic institutions discouraged the rise of the merchant class, blocking local forms of self-government and thereby persistently hindering demand for education. Indeed, results show that a longer Muslim domination in Spain is negatively related to the share of merchants, whereas neither later episodes of trade nor differences in jurisdictions and different stages of the Reconquista affect our main results. Consistent with our interpretation, panel estimates show that cities under Muslim rule missed-out on the critical juncture to establish self-government institutions.

Front Matter -- Copyright page -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Islam and the Global Turn in the History of International Law /Ignacio de la Rasilla -- The Protean Historical Mirror of International Law /Ignacio de la Rasilla -- How Should International Lawyers Study Islamic Law and Its Contribution to International Law? /Michelle Burgis-Kasthala -- An Exploration of the 'Global' History of International Law: Some Perspectives from within the Islamic Legal Traditions /Ayesha Shahid -- Subjectivity and Structures: The Challenges of Methodology in the Study of the History of International Law and Religion /John D. Haskell -- The Basis of Obligation in Treaties of Ancient Cultures – Pactum Est Servandum? /Robert Kolb -- Khadduri as Gatekeeper of the Islamic Law of Nations? /Jean Allain -- In Search of the Lost Influence: Islamic Thinkers and the Spanish Origins of International Law /Ignacio Forcada Barona -- The Other 'Other': Moors, International Law and the Origin of the Colonial Matrix /Pierre-Alexandre Cardinal and Frédéric Mégret -- Law, Religion and Power: Texts and Discourse of Conquest /Luigi Nuzzo -- Land Rights in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman State Succession Treaties /Ilias Bantekas -- The Evolution of the Personality of the Malay Sultanate States /Haniff Ahamat and Nizamuddin Alias -- On the Abodes of War and Peace in the Islamic Law of War: Fact or Fiction? /Matthias Vanhullebusch -- The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law of Rebellion: Its Significance to the Current International Humanitarian Law Discourse /Mohamed Badar , Ahmed Al-Dawoody and Noelle Higgins -- Back Matter -- Index.

The papers in this e-book further current understanding of the association between Islam and HRM, and HRM practices in Islamic countries. The papers debate whether it makes sense to talk about an Islamic HRM, and try to identify the key features of an Islamic HRM model that is substantially distinctive from existing normative models of HRM. The papers examine the impact of Islamic values on HRM practices and organisational outcomes, but more research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role Islam plays at the work place, and specifically how Islamic ideals, culture, values and norm