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This publication presents OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy. On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life.--Publisher's description

This volume aims to investigate the complex theme of social mobility in medieval Italy both by comparing Italian research to contemporary international studies in various European contexts, and by analysing a broad range themes and specific case studies. Medieval social mobility as a European phenomenon, in fact, still awaits a systemic analysis, and has seldom been investigated iuxta propria principia in social , political and economic history. The essays in the book deal with a number of crucial problems: how is social mobility investigated in European and Mediterranean contexts? How did classic mobility channels such as the Church, officialdom, trade, the law, the lordship or diplomacy contribute to shaping the many variables at play in late medieval societies, and to changing--and challenging--inequality? How did movements and changes in social spaces become visible, and what were their markets? What were the dynamics at the heart of the processes of social mobility in the many territorial contexts of the Italian peninsula?--back cover

The book aims to reflect on the characteristics of urban centers of the kingdom of Italy between the ninth and the eleventh centuries, filling a noticeable historiographical gap. The cities in Northern Italy in this period have not yet been analysed with a multidisciplinary approach, able to outline their specific and distinctive characteristics and to relate this particular period both to the post-Roman past and also to the following Communal phase. Urban identities are examined from different points of view: from a political perspective, in relation to the dialectic between center, periphery and to the border areas of the kingdom; from an institutional and territorial standing point, analyzing the structures of local power and public territorializations; according to social and military history approaches, highlighting the continuities and transformations in comparison with former and following centuries. The issue of urban identities is also investigated archaeologically, in relation to urban development and to topographic transformations, and culturally explored, examining mutual exchanges between the cities of the kingdom. Another aspect rarely addressed by previous literature is ultimately to compare the results of this research on the Italic kingdom with studies on the Transalpine Carolingian and post-Carolingian empire and kingdoms, outlining common trends, but also specific peculiarities

After meeting the objectives of debt stabilisation and participation in the single currency, the various Italian governments were able to move towards a gradual reduction of the tax burden. First, corporate taxation was reformed by a reduction in the tax rate on profits and by a greater neutrality of taxation depending on the type of company financing, although the latter approach was called into question by the Berlusconi Government. Tax policy has then shifted more gradually towards reducing household income taxes, first by reducing income tax rates and then by redesigning the less progressive scale, the latter reform having been only partially implemented. The social protection system has been reformed by a transformation of the public pension system from a defined benefit scheme to a defined contribution scheme, without any change in the contribution rate. The reform of the Constitution towards greater decentralisation gave the regions greater functions and imposed fiscal federalism, which replaced transfers from the State with regional revenue, with national solidarity only partly ensured by an equalisation fund between the regions. ; Après avoir atteint l'objectif de stabilisation de la dette et celui de participation à la monnaie unique, les différents gouvernements italiens ont pu s'orienter vers une réduction progressive de la pression fiscale. D'abord la fiscalité d'entreprise a été reformée par une baisse du taux d'imposition des bénéfices et par une plus forte neutralité de l'impôt selon le type de financement des entreprises, cette dernière orientation ayant toutefois été remise en cause par le gouvernement Berlusconi. La politique fiscale s'est ensuite orientée plus graduellement vers la réduction des prélèvements sur le revenu des ménages, d'abord par une baisse des taux de l'impôt sur le revenu, puis par une refonte du barème rendu moins progressif, cette dernière réforme n'ayant encore été que partiellement appliquée. Le système de protection sociale a été réformé par une transformation du ...