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Stay tuned. and you will be brought into contact with the views of the subtle doctor. This event, chaired by Tim Troutman (Lyceum Institute), is part of the activities of the 2022 International Open Seminar on Semiotics: a Tribute to John Deely on the Fifth Anniversary of His Passing, cooperatively organized by the Institute for Philosophical Studies of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra, the Lyceum Institute, the Deely Project, Saint Vincent College, the Iranian Society for Phenomenology at the Iranian Political Science Association, the International Association for Semiotics of Space and Time, the Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Semiotic Society of America, the American Maritain Association, the International Association for Semiotic Studies, the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies, the International Center for Semiotics and Intercultural Dialogue, Moscow State Academic University for the Humanities and the Mansarda Acesa with the support of the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education of the Government of Portugal under the UID/FIL/00010/2020 project. *** Paniel Reyes Cárdenas (Mexico 1981) was awarded his MPhil and PhD in Philosophy by The University of Sheffield, UK. In his PhD Thesis, he researched the place of Scholastic Realism in Peirce's Pragmatist Philosophy under the supervision of Professors Christopher Hookway and Steve Makin. Though Paniel's approach is centered in the pragmatist tradition, he has a wide range of philosophical interests. Indeed, Paniel has published papers on the philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, medieval philosophy, philosophy of religion and German Idealism. Paniel has participated in academic conferences in many different countries, and he is also a founder of the Peirce Latin-American Society. After a spell as postdoctoral fellow in the University of Nottingham under the guidance of Jonathan Tallant ...

Frank Herbert's Dune (1965), a classic of twentieth century American science fiction (sf), describes a fantastic universe where noble families, corporate interests and shadowy, cultish organisations vie for power and monopoly over a fantastic resource, the spice-melange. It is inarguably the power source of the novel's setting and its narrative. The immensely valuable and addictive substance increases longevity and radically expands the capabilities of the human mind – enabling movement, commerce, and communication on an epic scale. Positioning sf as "the literature of cognitive estrangement", I regard the spice-melange as a discursive platform for oil and the ideological, social and political formations that are inextricable from reliance on black gold, while its deleterious aspects are disavowed or deferred. I argue that this collective response constitutes oil as offshore: the degree to which it is implicated in modern political and social formations is fundamentally understated. On the contrary, it is framed as an object of science and political economy, not as their material basis; a mentality only made possible by a utopian discourse of everlasting, ecstatic innovation; itself a discourse made all the more potent by oil's power and mutability. I argue furthermore that sf is the approach best suited to combat the dominant discourse of oil as an offshore object of our society. Sf's utopian projects and excessive spectacles may serve as a spark to imagine new, alternative energy futures; as the estranging mechanisms of sf allow us to explore our energy present through extrapolations and analogies of new ways of powering human life. My final argument is that, by highlighting the centrality of energy to modern life and culture, sf is framed as an immediate and terrestrial concern in texts such as Dune. Opsomming Frank Herbert se Dune (1965) is 'n klassieke werk van twintigste-eeuse Amerikaanse wetenskapsfiksie waarin 'n fantastiese heelal beskryf word waar adellike families, korporatiewe belange en ...

This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Repub lic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación "La Caixa", Junta de Andalucía FEDER, and MICINN, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. We are grateful to Xerxes Tata for useful discussions. C. Rott acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea. ; The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy range, the superb energy resolution, angular resolution, and particle identification offered by DUNE can still permit great signal/background discrimination. Moreover, there are non-standard scenarios in which searches at DUNE for KDAR in the Sun can probe dark matter interactions. ; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. ; CNPq ; CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG y FAPESP, Brasil ; CFI, IPP y NSERC, Canadá ; CERN ; MŠMT, República Checa ; FEDER ; H2020-UE ; MSCA, Unión Europea ; CNRS/IN2P3 y CEA, Francia ; INFN, Italia ; FCT, Portugal ; NRF, Corea del Sur ; CAM, Fundación "La Caixa" ; Junta de Andalucía FEDER, y MICINN, España ; SERI y SNSF, Suiza ; TübİTAK, Turquía ; La Real Sociedad y UKRI/STFC, Reino Unido ; DOE y NSF, Estados Unidos de América

Signed: Scotus. ; From the Scotsman of 31st October 1835. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; European Union ; European Research Council ; Wolfson Foundation ; Royal Society ; U.S. Department of Energy ; European Union: 690575 ; European Union: 674896 ; European Research Council: FP7-IDEAS-ERC ERC-CG 617143 ; U.S. Department of Energy: DE-AC02-07CH11359 ; Novel leptophilic neutral currents can be tested at upcoming neutrino oscillation experiments using two complementary processes, neutrino trident production and neutrino-electron (nu - e) elastic scattering. Considering generic anomaly-free U(1) extensions of the Standard Model, we discuss the characteristics of nu - e scattering as well as e(+)e(-) and mu(+)mu(-) trident production at the DUNE near detector in the presence of such beyond the Standard Model scenarios. We then determine the sensitivity of DUNE in constraining the well-known L-e - L-mu and L-mu - L-tau models. We conclude that DUNE will be able to probe these leptophilic models with unprecedented sensitivity, covering unproved explanations of the (g-2)(mu) discrepancy.

Das Besondere des Parabeldünenkomplexes am Nordrand des Mittleren Baruther Urstromtal, unmittelbar nördlich von Horstwalde (Süd-Brandenburg, Deutschland), ist die Tatsache, daß mehr als 17 Parabeldünenreihen ineinandergeschachtelt zusammen vorkommen und Höhen von bis zu 25 Metern über dem Urstromtalniveau erreichen. Auffällig ist, daß die Öffnungen der Parabeläste immer an der Westseite liegen und die steileren Hänge immer an der Ostseite. Die großen nach Westen offenen Bögen und die Böschungsverhältnisse sprechen für eine Entstehung durch Westwinde und setzen zur Zeit der Ablagerung dieser sog. 'Altdünensande' eine vegetationslose oder -arme Umwelt voraus, wie sie in den Kaltphasen des Weichselspätlazials (Älteste-, Ältere- und Jüngere Dryas) existiert hat. Die Binnendünensande bestehen hinsichtlich ihres Materials immer aus fast reinem Quarzsand und weisen in ihrer Korngrößenverteilung vorwiegend Fein- bis Mittelsande auf. Die Sortierung der Dünensande ist gut bis sehr gut zu nennen. Begrabene Böden kommen häufig vor. In und unter den Dünen wurden Podsole und Ranker festgestellt. Braunerden wurden bisher nicht angetroffen. Auch Sandlöß-Ablagerungen wurden nicht gefunden. Außerdem wurden unmittelbar westlich von Horstwalde Wiesenkalkbildungen unter den meist südlich gelegenen Horstwalder Dünen angetroffen. Das Alter der Wiesenkalkbildungen ist umstritten. Die Parabeldünen wurden schon im Pleistozän von Menschen besiedelt, was sich ergbit aus der Tatsache, dass Feuersteingeräte und Feuersteinabschläge in und auf den Dünen gefunden wurden. Am Ende des Weichselspätglazials wurden die Dünen durch die Vegetation festgelegt. Danach, im Holozän, entblößt der Mensch die Altdünen in verschiedenen Rodungsphasen - so vor allem in der Jungstein-, Bronze- und Slawenzeit sowie während der deutschen Ostkolonisation und nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg bis zur Mitte des 19. Jh. - wodurch eine Auswehung der Altdünensande möglich wird und sog. 'Jungdünen' entstanden. In dem Dünengelände sind zwar einige Sand- und Kiesgruben anzutreffen, aber im Großen und Ganzen ist das Gebiet verschont geblieben von Abbau- und Planierungseingriffen. Maßnahmen, wie das vorgesehene Vorhaben Fahrbahn-, Kraftfahrzeug-, Verkehrs-, Versuchsanlage (FKVV), beeinträchtigen sowohl die Geomorphologie als das Bodenarchiv erheblich. Das Horstwalder Dünengebiet sollte aus zwei Gründen als Internationales Geotop geschützt werden: 1. Geomorphologisch stellt es ein besonders gut erhaltenes Dünengebiet dar; die Dünen bei Horstwalde gehören zu den schönsten Parabeldünen Deutschlands. Sie sind musterhaft für die Entstehung der Parabeldünen am Ende der letzten Vereisung in Mitteleuropa. 2. Das Parabeldünengebiet bei Horstwalde enthält ein sehr gut erhaltenes, aber weithin unerforschtes, Bodenarchiv und ist erst in Anfangen geowissenschaftlich erforscht und dokumentiert worden. ; Remarkable about the parabolic dune complex near Horstwalde (southern Brandenburg, Germany) is the fact that it exceeds 17 bow-shaped rows, arranged en echelon, reaching heights of 25 m above the level of the ice-marginal valley. Openings of the arms of the parabolic dunes always lie on the west side and the steeper slopes always on the east side. These observations indicate the parabolic dunes to be formed by westerly winds and presume a poor or lacking vegetation cover, like there was during the cold spells of the Weichselian Pleni- to Late Glacial (Oldest, Older and Younger Dryas). The dunes consist of almost pure quartz sands, mainly between 0.063 and 0.630 mm in diameter. The dune sands are well to very-well sorted. Buried soils are common. In and beneath the dunes Podsols and Ranker soils were found. To date, no brown earths have been found in the dune area of Horstwalde. Equally, no 'sandy loess deposits' have been found. Lime deposits (so-called 'Wiesenkalkbildungen') have formed beneath the southernmost dunes immediate west of Horstwalde. The age of the lime deposits is controversial. Many of the Pleistocene dunes were occupied by man, as exemplified by flints and artefacts on and in the dunes. By the end of the Weichselian Late Glacial the dunes were stabilized by vegetation. This was followed in the Holocene by a growing human impact on the environment due to the agricultural revolution. This resulted in a remobilization of surficial sands on some dunes. Considerable deflations are especially typical for clearing phases in the Bronze Age, the Slavonic Time, the German East Colonization Time and from the 16th up to the middle of the 19th century. In the dune area near Horstwalde a few sand- and gravel pits are to be found, but as a whole this area is exempted from degradation and planing. Projects, such as the planned facility for testing roads and motor vehicles (FKVV) threaten to affect the geomorphology as well as the soil archive. In the opinion of the author the parabolic dune area near Horstwalde should be protected as an international geotope for the following two reasons: 1. The dune field is very well preserved from a geomorphological and landscape perspective; the dunes near Horstwalde count to the most beautiful parabolic dunes in Germany. They are exemplary for the genesis of the parabolic dunes at the end of the last glaciation in Middle Europe. 2. Only preliminary research and documentation has been carried out to date. This area contains a very well preserved, but largely unresearched soil archive. The palaeosols in the dunes are potentially valuable for research in the fields of geology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, soil science, archaeology and cultural history. ; Peer Reviewed

Grey dunes are a priority habitat type of the European Union Habitats Directive and demand special attention for conservation and management. Knowledge of the ecology of coastal grey dunes can contribute to this policy. Dune grassland succession is initiated by fixation and driven by the complex of soil formation (humus accumulation) and vegetation development. Leaching and mobilization of CaCO 3 , which are important in nutrient dynamics, complicate the picture. At present, grass- and scrub encroachment greatly overrules these fine scaled soil processes and causes substantial loss of regional biodiversity. Belgium has an international responsibility in grey dune conservation because of the limited range of its characteristic vegetation, flora and fauna. As biomass removal seems essential in grassland preservation, grazing is an important management tool. Evaluation of management measures focuses on biodiversity measurements on the levels of landscape, community and species

Extensive Spanish dune areas were totally altered due to massive littoral building projects during the 1960's. After the 1988 Spanish Shore Act, the Coastal Authority, Ministry of Environment has been aware of the problem and has undertaken a strong polic of dune restoration. Amongst the present experiences, the restoration of "La Gallega"- a fresh water pond- and the surrounding dunes should be highlighted. Techniques developed for a sustainable management(definition of land uses,restriction of vehicle access, cleaning of the area, installation of facilities for the visitors, impermeabilization, sand trapping, revegetation, environmental information, etc.) are explained. The cost of all the units involved in the project, as well as the measures taken into account to get the different authorities involved in the coastal zonemanagement (National and Regional Governments, Municipalities, Army, etc.) to an agreement were also important. Furthermore, other complementary actionscarried out to guaranteea minimum level of fresh water at the pond and to improve its water quality will increasethe biodiversityby achieving the recovery of some protected species of amphibianslike Pleurodeles walt and Pelobatescultripes. Finaly, a monitoring campaign will be carried out in order to check the suitability of the former activities

บทคัดย่อการวิจัยเรื่องแนวทางส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาพระบรมธาตุนาดูน อำเภอนาดูน จังหวัดมหาสารคามมีวัตถุประสงค์ (1) เพื่อสำรวจพฤติกรรมของนักท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาที่เดินทางมาเที่ยวพระบรมธาตุนาดูน (2) เพื่อศึกษาศักยภาพของแหล่งท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาของพระบรมธาตุนาดูน อำเภอนาดูน จังหวัดมหาสารคาม (3) เพื่อเสนอแนะแนวทางในการส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาของพระบรมธาตุนาดูน อำเภอนาดูน จังหวัดมหาสารคาม การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยแบบผสม (Mixed Method) ประกอบด้วยการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ (Qualitative Research) และการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ (Quantitative Research) โดยการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพใช้การสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก (In-Depth Interview) และการวิเคราะห์ในเนื้อหา (Content Analysis) ส่วนการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณใช้แบบสอบถาม (Questionnaire) กับผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ (Key Informants) ของผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้อง เพื่อให้การวิจัยเป็นไปตามวัตถุประสงค์ที่ตั้งไว้ โดยศึกษาจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เป็นนักท่องเที่ยวชาวไทยที่เดินทางมาท่องเที่ยวพระบรมธาตุนาดูนจำนวน 377 คน และผู้ให้ข้อมูลหลัก จำนวน 6 คน ใช้การวิเคราะห์เชิงพรรณนาและสถิติพื้นฐาน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า1. สถานการณ์การท่องเที่ยวโดยรวมของแหล่งท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาพระบรมธาตุนาดูน อำเภอนาดูน จังหวัดมหาสารคาม อยู่ในระดับดี โดยมีการพัฒนาสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวให้ได้รับความนิยมโดยเฉพาะพระบรมธาตุนาดูน2. นักท่องเที่ยวที่เดินทางมาท่องเที่ยวพระบรมธาตุนาดูน ส่วนใหญ่อยู่ภายในจังหวัดมหาสารคาม (ร้อยละ 64.99)ส่วนต่างจังหวัดคิดเป็นร้อยละ 35.013. ศักยภาพของแหล่งท่องเชิงพุทธศาสนาพระบรมธาตุนาดูน 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ ด้านการดึงดูดใจด้านการท่องเที่ยวด้านการรองรับด้านการท่องเที่ยว และด้านบริหารจัดการ เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้านอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมากเช่นกัน4. แนวทางส่งเสริมการท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาของพระบรมธาตุนาดูน ควรมีการให้ความร่วมมือของผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องทุกฝ่ายทั้งภาครัฐ ภาคเอกชน ประชาชนในท้องถิ่น และนักท่องเที่ยวในทุกด้านให้มีแนวคิดไปในทิศทางเดียวกันอย่างถูกต้องเหมาะสม และร่วมมือกันดำเนินกิจกรรมต่างๆ ที่ไม่ส่งผลกระทบด้านลบต่อการท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนาของพระบรมธาตุนาดูน คำสำคัญ : การท่องเที่ยวเชิงพุทธศาสนา พฤติกรรมนักท่องเที่ยว ศักยภาพแหล่งท่องเที่ยว พระบรมธาตุนาดูนABSTRACTThe study, The Promotion Guideline for Buddhist Tourism in Phra That Na Dun, Na Dun District, MahaSarakham Province. aims to 1) survey the tourist's behavior Buddhist Tourism which go to Phra That Na Dun, 2) study potential tourist attraction in Phra That Na Dun, and 3) Promotion Guideline for Buddhist Tourism in Phra That Na Dun, Na Dun District, Maha Sarakham Province. This study used the mixed methods research approach : qualitative Research and quantitative Research. The instrument are questionnaire and and semistructured interview to collect qualitative data and analyzed the qualitative data with content analysis. A survey questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 377 Thai tourists visiting Phra That Na Dun, and semi-structured interview which 6 Key Informants. The research findings were found as follows: 1. The overall current travelling situation at Phra That Na Dun, Na Dun District, Maha Sarakham Province was highly rated at a good level. Tourism attractions have been developed in order to increase popularity; especially, Pha Tha Na Dun. 2. Most of the tourists, who are go to Phra That Na Dun came from Maha Sarakham provinces (64.99 percent), the others 35.01 percent 3. Most potential for Buddhist Tourism in Phra That Na Dun, Na Dun District, Maha Sarakham Province : attractions, supports and administrations was highly rated at a good level in parts and the total are good level too. 4. The Promotion Guideline for Buddhist Tourism in Phra That Na Dun, Na Dun District, Maha Sarakham Province are cooperation the government, private sector, community and the tourist to improve activities. Keywords : Buddhist Tourism, tourist's behavior, potential tourist attraction in Phra That Na Dun.

This dissertation is an exploration of the narrative mode of Mao Dun's (1896 - 1981) first work of fiction, the 1927-8 Eclipse trilogy. It focuses on explaining the context and nature of realism as it appears in the work. The dissertation includes a biography of Mao Dun that covers his early education, and his years as an editor and as a translator. The biography also shows the influence of western literary theory and ideology on his development as an intellectual and author. Realism as a literary mode is presented in its general form and as a type of realism that developed in China. The dissertation also analyzes realism and naturalism as Mao Dun explains the ideas in his own literary criticism. A close reading of samples from the Eclipse trilogy shows how Mao Dun used a type of realism with a shifting objective view, similar to a free indirect style. Finally the dissertation provides a textology study: a typology and analysis of the differences between the two major editions of the trilogy. The types include Clarity and Accuracy, Political Concerns, Narrative Voice, Simplification of Characters, and Problematic Sensuality. Through analysis of the differences between the two editions, the dissertation provides evidence that, although Mao Dun was willing to sacrifice some of the complexity and contradictions of his novel in 1954 when the second edition was edited, he strove to maintain the core of his most problematic central characters and the fundamental ideals of his narrative voice.

Published by the UF/IFAS Florida Sea Grant College Program, this manual provides an overview of the coastal ecosystems along the Florida Panhandle and shows how dunes can be restored and enhanced in this region of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. In addition to direct experience acquired over many years of field work and experimentation, authors Chris Verlinde, Mack Thetford, and Debbie Miller consulted peer-reviewed academic journals, government documents, and various online resources to create the manual. Undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Florida and local professionals worked together with the UF/IFAS researchers to develop and test practical restoration techniques for Florida's dunes. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sg156

Most of Jutland's coastline along the North Sea consists of dunes. Primarily due to excessive usage by the peasant population during the Middle Ages sand drift became a catastrophe and the drifting sand covered farmland roads, houses and even churches. Hence from 1539 to 1992, legislation concerning dunes mostly dealt with how to light the drifting sand. Of the different dune types, the grey dune with its crisp vegetation mainly of lichens is the most vulnerable. With the Nature Protection Act of 1992, a more varied attitude towards dune management is introduced. The intrinsic value of the dunes is acknowledged; but at the same time, devastating sand drift must be fought and the public have free access by foot to the dunes. The ecological environment of the dunes is threatened by coastal protection works, damages caused by sand drift, attrition, tourism, and overgrowth with conifers. Of these threats attrition develops with increasing tourism. Attrition is counteracted by appropriate dune management and through information to the public of the proper wav of using the dunes considering the value and fragility of the dune and dune vegetation.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited ; The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. ; Funding: This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación "La Caixa", MICINN, GVA, Xunta de Galicia and AEI, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜB˙ITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin22θ13 to current reactor experiments. ; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) DE-AC02-07CH11359 ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; FAPEG, Brazil ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; IPP, Canada ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; CERN ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; European Union (EU) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; French Atomic Energy Commission ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; NRF, South Korea ; CAM, Spain ; La Caixa Foundation ; Spanish Government ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) ; Royal Society of London ; UKRI/STFC, UK ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility DE-AC02-05CH11231

Coastal dunes are a unique ecosystem and home to a large number of red list species. Embryonic dunes, shifting white or fixed grey dunes, humid and wet dune slacks, dune grasslands and moss dunes are high conservation value habitats of European importance. However, many of the dune areas are small and fragmented, making them very susceptible to external influences. Surveys have shown that the surrounding gardens are an important source of invasive plant species occurring in these natural areas. Some of these plants, such as black cherry Prunus serotina, Ribes aureum, Cotoneaster spp. and exotic Populus spp. are starting to cause problems for native biodiversity. Detailed monitoring shows that some of these species are starting to display invasive behaviour. Therefore, there is an urgent need amongst conservation managers for detailed data on efficiency of potential management measures. The non-native North American Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) is such a species. This evergreen shrub is a very popular garden plant in the area. It grows vigorously on sandy soil along the coast and with its yellow flowers has great ornamental value. However, with its strong clonal growth it can strongly proliferate and overgrow native vegetation. Furthermore, its blue berries are easily spread by birds. Little is known about management of this invasive species. Therefore, within RINSE, an experiment was set up in three heavily infested dune reserves. Individual Mahonia shrubs were located with GPS and received different management treatments. Some were manually removed with shovels, some were treated with a glyphosate Roundup Max 5 % formula on the leafs, others were cut and paint with glyphosate or with a saturated salt solution as an environmentally friendly alternative. The direct effect of these treatments in terms of kill rate and vital regrowth will be compared so that a clear advice can be given to the manager of these areas. Besides this field trial, which targets individual plants and small infestations in sensitive areas, a demonstration was held (November 2013) in highly infested areas on mechanical removal using a heavy excavator. Here, invasive shrub (Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium and Japanese rose Rosa rugosa) removal was combined with large scale landscape restoration. The effort will be documented (cost, effort, aftercare) and the outcome monitored in terms of regrowth from different depths. This work is performed in cooperation with the Agency for Nature and Forest (ANB). The trials and demonstrations are performed within the framework of the EU co-funded Interreg 2Seas project RINSE (Reducing the Impact of Non-Native Species in Europe) (www.rinse-europe.eu) (2012-2014), which seeks to improve awareness of the threats posed by INNS, and the methods to address them. RINSE also engaged in networking with local stakeholder forums to set up preventive actions towards garden centers, public bodies and private owners. The first comprehensive results of the Mahonia field trial are expected in spring 2014.