Suchergebnisse

The study of the early European colonial presence in Asia has been stimulated in recent years by a series of excellent works. These have been both of general and specialist nature, written not only by historians, but also by political scientists as well as specialists of international relations. The truly excellent study published in 2002 by Edward Keene, can be taken as a point in case. Central to his revisitation of seventeenth-century treaties of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) with the Emperor of Kandy, is the notion of divided sovereignty expounded by Hugo Grotius around 1600-1610. It was against the backdrop of such concepts of divided sovereignty that the VOC could ultimately conclude its complex web of treaty relationships that broadly characterise the Dutch colonial empire in the East Indies up the advent of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. There is some legitimacy in contending that Keene's postulations effectively rework and reinterpret, at the level of international relations, what was once conveniently dubbed the 'Age of Partnership', i.e. an age characterised by trade-driven colonial empires that grew upon a complex, sometimes self-contradictory network of treaty relationships as well as formal and informal cooperation garnered from native elites. Admittedly such relations were often but not always based on unequal power and treaty relationships. Despite the uneven playing fields created by many such Euro-Asian treaties, especially those forged in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the conclusion of treaties was assumed on the basis of the nominal co-equality of sovereigns and plenipotentiary agents acting on their behalf. European and Asian treaty partners were accepted as contracting equals, and this is particularly stunning given that the feudal world of European power politics at the time was, by comparison, probably more complex and legally structured than Asia. Certainly, the underlying power relations behind these early modern agreements were completely different from those imposed by the mature colonial powers on Asia at the zenith of nineteenth-century imperialism!

487International tribunals — Provisional measures of protection — International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 ("UNCLOS"), Article 290 — Requirements for order of provisional measures — Jurisdiction — UNCLOS Articles 283 and 288 — Obligation to exchange views regarding settlement of dispute by negotiation or other peaceful means — No precondition of exhaustion of diplomatic negotiations before dispute referred to TribunalSea — Territorial sea — Provisional measures — Claim to territorial sea as basis for prescription of provisional measures — Insufficient basis for ordering provisional measures — Interests — Right to natural resources within territorial sea — Estuary — Semi-enclosed sea — Right to integrity of marine environment — Right to be consulted with respect to major land reclamation works — Possible impact on maritime transit rightsEnvironment — Marine environment — Preservation of marine and coastal environment — Maritime access to coastline — Effect of land reclamation works on marine environmentComity — International cooperation — Duty to cooperate to prevent pollution of marine environment — UNCLOS Part XII

The Kota Piring Palace is located in the little island of Birm Bewa Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island. It was a centre government of Melayu Riau Sultanate in 1722-1784 after Johor and Pahang. The ruin of Kota Piring Palace are the part of fortwall and building foundations in aprehensive sondition. In this historical site exists 23 new buildings of permament construction. This research as the first action of the Kota Piring Palace architectural reconstruction is the trans-sectoral research included activities of archaeological research, historical research, architectural research, and this action must be continued by several reseaches. The wall position and courtyard pattern can be analyzed by the ruins of building foundation in the field of Kota Piring Palace artifact. The essential buildings in the complex of Kota Piring Palace can be known by historical study based on the text of Tuhfat Al-Nafis ancient book. Also, based on architectural study of the Melayu traditional building in Johor and Pahang in the same period can be estimated the building types and building forms of Kota Piring Palace. The artifact of Kota Piring Palace were burried on the ground can be found by archaeological excavation. This activity can be stars after relocation all of new buildings in the historical site. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Istana Kota Piring terletak di Pulau Biram Dewa, Tanjungpinang, Pulau Bintan adalah pusat pemerintahan Kesultanan Melayu Johor Riau pada tahun 1722-1784, dan berhubungan kesejarahan dengan Johor dan Pahang yang menjadi pusat pemerintahan sebelumnya. Istana Kota Piring tinggal menyisakan sebagian dinding tembok dan pondasi bangunan dalam kondisi memprihatinkan, dan di atasnya telah berdiri banyak bangunan baru berkonstruksi permanen. Penelitian ini merupakan kegiatan awal untuk merekonstruksi arsitektur Istana Kota Piring berupa penelitian lintas-sektoral mencakup arkeologi-sejarah-arsitektur, yang harus dilanjutkan dengan penelitian-penelitian berikutnya. Dinding dan pola halaman yang pernah ada dianalisis ...

Hitherto, very few performance measures have been constructed for selecting the right production system. Before a new, advanced manufacturing system (e.g. Just In Time and Flexible Manufacturing System) is implemented in a company, it is of paramount importance that extensive analysis should be done to ensure that the ladder is lying against the right wall. Currently, the selection of a production system is mostly centred on perceptions or mere judgments from experience. Hence, a quantitative form of selection would be more convincing, as it will show and compare the degree of advantage between each manufacturing system in numbers and percentages. This paper discusses the authors' attempt to formulate a performance measure that could quantitatively analyse and select the best production system for a company. A questionnaire survey has been carried out in a multinational company in Johore, Malaysia and the results are used to formulate the performance measure. Reliability tests on the instrument and correlation tests on the six identified manufacturing outputs were performed. Tests of significance were also done on the outputs used.

The Straits of Malacca are of strategic importance for world trade and regional development. They are vulnerable to social, political and natural disasters, but also bear great opportunities for economic and social development. Most of European trade with China and Japan is shipped through the Straits of Malacca. Most of the energy requirements of Japan depend on oil shipments from the golf states through the Straits of Malacca. The Straits have for centuries connected the Indian subcontinent with East and Southeast Asia as well as Europe with China as an alternative to the Northern 'Silk Road'. The states bordering the Straits, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore form the core of the ASEAN region, one of the growth poles of the developing world. The areas bordering the Straits are themselves rich in natural resources from fisheries, to mangrove swamps and rain forests, from tin mining to gas and oil fields, but also beset by problems of tidal destruction (Tsunami), pollution through shipping and industries. The Straits are beset by problems of poverty, cross straits illegal migration and depletion of its natural resources. The very political stability of the Straits region is at stake through the civil war in Northern Sumatra (Aceh), unrest in Riau and South Thailand as well as widespread piracy. The growth potential is enormous and is partly realized in the SIJORI growth triangle of Singapore, Johore (Malaysia) and Riau (Indonesia); in the industrial growth of the Western part of Malaysia bordering the Straits; the industrial area around Penang (Malaysia) and the international tourism development on the islands of Langkawi (Malaysia) and Phuket (Thailand).

Michael Leifer : selected works on Southeast Asia -- Contents -- Director's Message -- Preface -- Foreword -- Introducing Southeast Asia -- 1. Southeast Asia -- Part I: International Relations -- Introduction to Part I -- Southeast Asia: Conflict and Co-operation -- 2. Sources of Regional Conflict -- 3. Regional Association: Sources of Conflict -- 4. The Vietnam War and the Response of Southeast Asian Countries -- 5. Regional Association: From ASA to ASEAN -- 6. The Limits of Functionalist Endeavour: The Experiences of Southeast Asia -- ASEAN and Regional Order -- 7. Regionalism, the Global Balance, and Southeast Asia -- 8. ASEAN's Search for Regional Order -- 9. Indochina and ASEAN: Seeking a New Balance -- 10. The ASEAN Peace Process: A Category Mistake -- 11. ASEAN as a Model of a Security Community? -- 12. Regional Solutions to Regional Problems? -- 13. Truth about the Balance of Power -- 14. The Merits of Multilateralism -- 15. The Limits to ASEAN's Expanding Role -- The Cambodia Conflict -- 16. The Indochina Problem -- 17. Vietnam's Intervention in Kampuchea: The Rights of State v. the Rights of People -- 18. Cambodia Conflict: Interests and Roles of the External Powers -- 19. UNTAC Fulfils Its Mission -- External Actors and Southeast Asia -- 20. Anglo-American Differences over Malaysia -- 21. Astride the Straits of Johore: The British Presence and Commonwealth Rivalry in Southeast Asia -- 22. China and Southeast Asia: Interdependence and Accommodation -- 23. Taiwan and Southeast Asia: The Limits to Pragmatic Diplomacy -- 24. Who's It that Really Needs to be Engaged? -- 25. The European Union, ASEAN, and the Politics of Exclusion -- 26. The Peace Dividend: Israel's Changing Relationship with Southeast Asia -- Between Regions: ASEAN and the EC/EU -- 27. Regional Decision-Making and Corporate Foreign Policies -- 28. Europe and Southeast Asia -- 29. Regionalism Compared: The Perils and Benefits of Expansion -- Security and Order: The Maritime Dimension -- 30. The Maritime Regime and Regional Security in East Asia -- 31. The Straits Are Not Protected -- 32. Stalemate in the South China Sea -- Part II: Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies -- Introduction to Part II -- Cambodia -- 33. The Failure of Political Institutionalization in Cambodia -- 34. Problems of Authority and Political Succession in Cambodia -- 35. Rebellion or Subversion in Cambodia? -- 36. Cambodia and Her Neighbours -- 37. Kampuchea in 1980: The Politics of Attrition -- 38. The Anguish of Cambodia -- 39. Challenges Remain in Cambodia -- 40. Tune Back In, Friends of Cambodia, the Crisis Show Isn't Over -- Malaysia -- 41. Politics and Constitutional Stability in Malaysia -- 42. Adverse Conceptions of Malaysia: Consequences of Communal Violence -- 43. Malaysia after Tun Razak: Tensions in a Multi-racial State -- 44. Anti-Semitism without Jews: The Malaysian Example -- 45. Anglo-Malaysian Alienation Revisited -- Singapore -- 46. Singapore in Malaysia: The Politics of Federation -- 47. Triumph of the Will -- 48. Backseat Driver -- 49. Overnight, an Oasis May Become a Desert -- 50. Israel's President in Singapore: Political Catalysis and Transnational Politics -- 51. Singapore in Regional and Global Context: Sustaining Exceptionalism -- 52. Coping with Vulnerability -- Indonesia -- 53. Whither Indonesian Nationalism? -- 54. Uncertainty in Indonesia -- 55. The Challenge of Creating a Civil Society in Indonesia -- 56. Lesson from a Downfall -- 57. Indonesia's Foreign Policy: Change and Continuity -- 58. The Islamic Factor in Indonesia's Foreign Policy: A Case of Functional Ambiguity -- 59. Indonesia's Dilemmas of Engagement with China -- Vietnam, Brunei, the Philippines, and Thailand -- 60. Vietnam's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Coping with Vulnerability -- 61. Vietnam's Changing Relations with China -- 62. The Predicament of the Brunei Sultanate -- 63. Brunei: Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy -- 64. The Philippines and Sabah Irredenta -- 65. Thailand: The Politics of "De-Stalinization" -- 66. Can Democracy Last in Thailand? -- Bibliography -- Index.