Suchergebnisse

Defence data: 28 November 2017; Examining Board: Professor Loïc Azoulai, University of Paris (Supervisor); Professor Myriam Benlolo Carabot, Paris Nanterre University; Professor Jean-Yves Chérot, Aix-Marseille University; Professor Urška Šadl, European University Institute ; The thesis is awarded the Pierre-Henri Teitgen Prize 2018 ; By introducing the terms "citizens of the Union", the drafters of the Maastricht Treaty inscribed a new concept in European Union law. The denomination of the new concept coincides with that of national legal concepts and of a concept widely discussed in political theory. More than twenty years later, the legal concept of citizenship of the Union has been widely constructed by the case law of the European Court of Justice. This case law then offers a particularly rich field of study for the development of a new perspective on judicial activity. My thesis proposes an investigation on the judge and the work of legal concepts; that is, an investigation on the practice of the judge – the work on concepts – and on the role of concepts in legal reasoning – the concepts at work. This inquiry should be distinguished from classical studies on the judge, mainly dealing with interpretation, as well as from works focusing on power relations between legal actors. In this thesis, I argue that EU law must be understood in its own terms, through an inquiry on the conceptual practices of the judge and I propose a non-formalist account of legal forms.

The election is supposed to be saving grace or redemptive moment for people. It can however suddenly become an electoral demon infringing fundamental rights due to the attitude of the political actors, the legislator or the judge in charge of arbitrating the litigations relating to it. The responsibility of the judge as a main player in the electoral process is therefore serious. People call upon him and resort to him as a last bastion. The electoral judge can foster hope or crack it down. This is the interest of the study on the judicial control of the electoral process in Africa French speaking countries with emphasis on Senegal and Benin. The analysis of the case-law relating to electoral matters reveals in this process that the judge exercises both a strict 'regularity function' and an electoral 'regulation function'.The function of electoral regularity refers to the classic activity of the judge, by which he ensures that the actions of natural or legal persons, public or private, are subordinated to the electoral law. It may be before or after the election. Before the election, the regularity function includes the control of the normative and operational framework for running the election. After the election the regularity function corresponds to litigation based on the results. Extremely devoted, the post-election regularity function confers upon the judge full judicial powers of invalidation and reformation. However, the exercise of this function is retained or mitigated. The electoral judge does not relax. He designs an ingenious technique called control of sincerity which he substituted for strict electoral regularity.Furthermore, in the context of an electoral process that has been mishandled by exceptional circumstances, the judge uses an electoral regulation function based on his constitutional status as a regulator of the normal functioning of institutions and activities. Challenged with particular situations, the judge of the electoral regulation is in spite of a clear textual basis held to provide ...

The election is supposed to be saving grace or redemptive moment for people. It can however suddenly become an electoral demon infringing fundamental rights due to the attitude of the political actors, the legislator or the judge in charge of arbitrating the litigations relating to it. The responsibility of the judge as a main player in the electoral process is therefore serious. People call upon him and resort to him as a last bastion. The electoral judge can foster hope or crack it down. This is the interest of the study on the judicial control of the electoral process in Africa French speaking countries with emphasis on Senegal and Benin. The analysis of the case-law relating to electoral matters reveals in this process that the judge exercises both a strict 'regularity function' and an electoral 'regulation function'.The function of electoral regularity refers to the classic activity of the judge, by which he ensures that the actions of natural or legal persons, public or private, are subordinated to the electoral law. It may be before or after the election. Before the election, the regularity function includes the control of the normative and operational framework for running the election. After the election the regularity function corresponds to litigation based on the results. Extremely devoted, the post-election regularity function confers upon the judge full judicial powers of invalidation and reformation. However, the exercise of this function is retained or mitigated. The electoral judge does not relax. He designs an ingenious technique called control of sincerity which he substituted for strict electoral regularity.Furthermore, in the context of an electoral process that has been mishandled by exceptional circumstances, the judge uses an electoral regulation function based on his constitutional status as a regulator of the normal functioning of institutions and activities. Challenged with particular situations, the judge of the electoral regulation is in spite of a clear textual basis held to provide ...

My PhD aims to set a method of analysis evaluating the manner in which national courts enforce international humanitarian law in light of the core principles of the international rule of law (which require courts to be independent, impartial, accessible and effective). This methodology offers a useful tool for understanding the function of national courts and provides a mapping of courts' rulings, within which each category can then be legally (and politically) justified or delegitimized in light of the principles of the rule of law. The scale according to which the court's function is assessed varies from apology to judicial activism, and it identifies four functional roles: (1) the apologist role of courts, in which they serve as a legitimating agency of the state's actions; (2) the avoiding role of courts, in which they, for policy considerations, avoid exercising jurisdiction over a case; (3) the normative application role of courts, in which they apply international humanitarian law as required by the rule of law. In that category, a deferral technique is identified – courts may defer back to the other branches of the government the find an appropriate remedy; and (4) the judicial activism role of courts, in which they introduce moral judgments in favour of the protection of the individual, beyond the requirements of the law. Revealing the court's function in order to situate a decision on the utopian-judicial activism scale is carried out by a critical analysis of the court ruling, in which both the legal argument and the political context are examined. This is done through a technique of deconstruction, which aims to reveal the political character of what appears a priori, to be a neutral application of objective rules. As the research shows, the functional role of the courts is a combination of contradictions and mixed attitudes – sometimes they play an apologist role, in other cases a normative, activist, or an avoiding one. It would appear that national courts are in the process of defining their own role as enforcing organs of IHL.

After a particularly difficult judicial process, environmental associations obtained a criminal conviction of two vineyards by the BORDEAUX Court of Appeal, which, in a judgment of 18 November 2020, found against them the offence of inappropriate use of plant protection products. The decision is rare enough to raise the question of the effectiveness of repressive law as regards the standards intended to protect populations particularly exposed to pesticides ; International audience ; After a particularly difficult judicial process, environmental associations obtained a criminal conviction of two vineyards by the BORDEAUX Court of Appeal, which, in a judgment of 18 November 2020, found against them the offence of inappropriate use of plant protection products. The decision is rare enough to raise the question of the effectiveness of repressive law as regards the standards intended to protect populations particularly exposed to pesticides ; Au terme d'un parcours judiciaire particulièrement difficile, des associations de défense de l'environnement ont obtenu la condamnation pénale de deux domaines viticoles par la Cour d'appel de BORDEAUX qui, dans un arrêt du 18 novembre 2020, a retenu à leur encontre l'infraction d'utilisation inappropriée de produits phytopharmaceutiques. La décision est suffisamment rare pour poser la question de l'effectivité du droit répressif quant aux normes censées protéger les populations particulièrement exposées aux pesticides

This thesis studies the discourse of the European Union about the European Judicial Network between 1996 and 1999. Using discourse analysis and lexicometrics within the theoretical framework of argumentative semantics, it explores the meaning of words associated with the expression of « area of freedom, security and justice ». The research mainly aims at understanding how the discourse reappropriate universal values in order to construct, through argumentative processes, a European identity that embodies the European Judicial Network. After presenting the political context and the linguistic theories used in the analysis methods, the thesis examines the conditions of discourse production and its semantic particularities. It argues that the discourse constructs an identity based on the values (liberty, security and justice) conveyed by the three pillars of the European Judicial Network : institutions, organised crime and citizens. The thesis then puts forward the idea of a "discursive normalisation" that helps, through its linguistic forms, to legitimate the identity construction and its political issues. It also defines a process of "argumentative manipulation" resulting from this "discursive normalisation" implementing a very distinctive linguistic frame. According to those results, the research concludes that normalisation and manipulation generate circularity of the discourse, which is based on the conflict between two discursive orientations, on the one hand security and on the other hand democracy and the Rule of law. ; La recherche menée dans cette thèse traite du discours de l'Union européenne sur l'espace judiciaire européen entre 1996 et 1999. En convoquant l'analyse du discours et la lexicométrie dans un cadre théorique de la sémantique argumentative, elle analyse le sens des mots autour de l'expression « espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice ». L'objectif est de définir comment s'élabore la réappropriation de valeurs universelles au profit du discours et de l'identité européenne véhiculée par ...

This thesis aims at researching the system of administrative justice towards the reform of judicial system in Lao PDR through a study of administrative rules among the existing legislative texts. This thesis consists of two parts: Part I: The creation of Lao administrative law. The existence of Lao administrative law is considered as the beginning hypothesis which was allowed us to identify the development of an autonomy law. Then the current administrative procedures of administrative dispute settlement were studied basing on the data bases gained from the questionnaire which had been prepared for this study. Part II: To ensure the autonomy of Lao administrative law by creating of the administrative court. It was to study and analyze the experiences of foreign countries: France, Thailand and Vietnam on the establishment of administrative courts. Its aim was to know, on the one hand, how the administrative courts have been establishing in these countries, and on the other hand, to identify the characteristics of these courts by gaining good lessons and experiences in order to propose the most suitable model for Laos. ; La thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'ordre administratif : vers une réforme du système judiciaire en RDP Lao à travers l'étude d'identification des règles de droit administratif parmi les textes législatifs existants. La thèse est divisée en deux parties : Première partie : La création d'un droit administratif laotien. L'existence d'un droit administratif laotien est une hypothèse départ qui a permis d'évoquer le développement d'un droit autonome. Puis, les procédures actuelles de résolutions des litiges administratifs ont été étudiées sur la base du questionnaire qui avait été élaboré pour cette étude. Deuxième partie : Pour l'autonomie du droit administratif laotien par la mise en place d'une justice administrative. Il s'agit d'analyser les expériences des pays étrangers : France, Thaïlande et Vietnam sur la création de juridictions administratives. Le but est de connaître comment les ...

This thesis aims at researching the system of administrative justice towards the reform of judicial system in Lao PDR through a study of administrative rules among the existing legislative texts. This thesis consists of two parts: Part I: The creation of Lao administrative law. The existence of Lao administrative law is considered as the beginning hypothesis which was allowed us to identify the development of an autonomy law. Then the current administrative procedures of administrative dispute settlement were studied basing on the data bases gained from the questionnaire which had been prepared for this study. Part II: To ensure the autonomy of Lao administrative law by creating of the administrative court. It was to study and analyze the experiences of foreign countries: France, Thailand and Vietnam on the establishment of administrative courts. Its aim was to know, on the one hand, how the administrative courts have been establishing in these countries, and on the other hand, to identify the characteristics of these courts by gaining good lessons and experiences in order to propose the most suitable model for Laos. ; La thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'ordre administratif : vers une réforme du système judiciaire en RDP Lao à travers l'étude d'identification des règles de droit administratif parmi les textes législatifs existants. La thèse est divisée en deux parties : Première partie : La création d'un droit administratif laotien. L'existence d'un droit administratif laotien est une hypothèse départ qui a permis d'évoquer le développement d'un droit autonome. Puis, les procédures actuelles de résolutions des litiges administratifs ont été étudiées sur la base du questionnaire qui avait été élaboré pour cette étude. Deuxième partie : Pour l'autonomie du droit administratif laotien par la mise en place d'une justice administrative. Il s'agit d'analyser les expériences des pays étrangers : France, Thaïlande et Vietnam sur la création de juridictions administratives. Le but est de connaître comment les ...

In West Africa, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) is firmly committed to combating money laundering. Within the framework of its mutual legal assistance, the WAEMU established mechanisms to facilitate cooperation in criminal-related matters such enabling sharing of information and evidence between its Member States during investigation processes and then contributing to the successful accomplishment of those investigations. Extradition has also been redefined in such a way as to ensure its procedural requirements are more flexible and simplified. However, the existence of these legal mechanisms does not necessarily mean that judicial cooperation will experience better days in the short term within the WAEMU space. Indeed, it will still be facing many challenges.Therefore, the analysis of the current general framework of international judicial cooperation within Member States of the WAEMU appears as a necessity. It will be focusing on the impact that the current judicial cooperation may have in the eradication of the phenomenon of corruption and money laundering in this part of the African continent. To that effect, the model of judicial cooperation between Member States of the European Union could serve as a basis for reflection. ; En Afrique de l'Ouest, l'Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) s'est engagée résolument dans la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux. En matière d'entraide judiciaire, elle a prévu des mécanismes destinés à faciliter la coopération dans les enquêtes permettant notamment la communication de renseignements et de preuves d'un État membre à un autre, ainsi que l'accomplissement d'opérations d'investigation. De même, les conditions de l'extradition ont été définies de manière à assouplir les procédures requises. Cependant, l'existence de ces instruments juridiques ne signifie pas que la coopération judiciaire connait de meilleurs jours dans l'espace UEMOA. De nombreux défis restent à relever. C'est pourquoi, il convient d'analyser le cadre général de ...

Cette présentation a comme objectif d'offrir un aperçu de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice relative au Règlement 1393/2007

Placed at the heart of the penal process, today the evidence and its administration are facing new challenges. The modernisation of society and the exponential development of new means of communication and new technologies in all fields are shaking up the administration of evidence and the rules that govern it. At the same time, procedural rights are now being invoked alongside fundamental rights, as a result of the predominant position taken by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and also of the European Union's criminal law. Thus, the administration of evidence must take advantage of this period of identity crisis to build a permanent legal basis that takes into account new legal, judicial and societal requirements. Consequently, the administration of evidence must lead both to the manifestation of the truth and to the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms. Then, in order to face the challenges and challenges of its time, the administration of evidence must meet two requirements: the quality and effectiveness of the law. This is the purpose of this work, which is resolutely pragmatic and has as its guide in the law no. 2011-392 of 14 April 2011 on custody, are based on the judicial practice of the Gendarmerie Nationale, the mission is not confined to the search for evidence alone. Indeed, on a day-to-day basis, this institution enforces and indulges in the rules of the administration of proof also needing to be a force of proposal, especially during the phase of conception of this law. ; « Depuis la constatation d'une infraction jusqu'au jugement de son auteur, toute la chaîne pénale est articulée autour de la question cardinale de la preuve ». Placées au coeur du procès pénal, la preuve et son administration sont aujourd'hui confrontées à de nouveaux enjeux. La modernisation de la société et le développement exponentiel des nouveaux moyens de communications et des nouvelles technologies, en tous domaines, bousculent l'administration de la preuve et les règles qui la régissent. Dans un ...

This project is a historical study of the process of generalising the judicial investigation in the Duchy of Burgundy during the 14th and 18th centuries. On the basis of an analysis of the acts of practice and of ducal and papal documentation, it will be studied how secular and ecclesiastical legal courses have adapted to legal and procedural changes and innovations from the 18th century onwards, especially in the 18th century. This research is based on two perspectives, which should not be considered separately. These are, on the one hand, an analysis of the proceedings and their links with the law and, on the other hand, the reports of judicial investigations with the construction of ducal power during that period. ; Ce projet est une étude historique du processus de généralisation de l'enquête judiciaire dans le duché de Bourgogne pendant les xiie et xiiie siècles. À partir de l'analyse des actes de la pratique et de la documentation ducale et papale, on étudiera comment les cours juridiques laïques et ecclésiastiques se sont adaptées aux transformations et innovations juridiques et procédurales à partir du xiie siècle, et surtout au xiiie siècle. Cette recherche s'articule autour de deux perspectives, que l'on ne doit pas considérer séparément. Il s'agit, d'une part, de l'analyse des procédures et leurs liens avec le droit savant, et, d'autre part, des rapports des enquêtes judiciaires avec la construction du pouvoir ducal pendant cette période.

Between 2012 and 2016, peace talks took place between the National Colombian Government and the FARC-EP guerrilla group, culminating in the signing of the Final Agreement to End the Armed Conflict and Build a Stable and Lasting Peace. In this context, a critical analysis of the discourse on access to the media is carried out, as a recurrent theme in the agendas of the peace dialogues that have been held with the insurgencies since the mid-twentieth century, and in the peace agreements reached since then. This is interrelated with an approach to understanding of the historical context of the conflict, through the contrast of multiple documentary sources: the reports of official commissions of inquiry into violence (1958 and 1987), the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (1989 and 1991), the Truth Commission on the events at the Palace of Justice (2010), the reports of the National Center for Historical Memory´s (2008-2018) and, the essays and rapporteurships of the Historical Commission on the Conflict and its Victims (2015); from which, an approach about the collective responsibility of the mass media in the origin and persistence of the armed confrontation and its impact on society is proposed. In this sense, and based on the historical approach of the discourse, the intertextual and interdiscursive analysis of various academic, political, governmental, military, insurgent, journalistic, judicial, legal, social, humanitarian, and victims' actors are addressed; at the same time, the rights to information, truth and peace are integrated, with a view to making contributions from the communicative sphere to overcome the armed conflict and build peace. ; Entre 2012 et 2016, des pourparlers de paix ont eu lieu entre le Gouvernement National de Colombie et la guérilla des FARC-EP, qui ont abouti à la signature de l'Accord Final pour la fin du conflit et la construction d'une paix stable et durable. Dans ce contexte, il est procédé à une analyse critique du discours sur l'accès aux médias, thème récurrent dans les agendas des ...

Between 2012 and 2016, peace talks took place between the National Colombian Government and the FARC-EP guerrilla group, culminating in the signing of the Final Agreement to End the Armed Conflict and Build a Stable and Lasting Peace. In this context, a critical analysis of the discourse on access to the media is carried out, as a recurrent theme in the agendas of the peace dialogues that have been held with the insurgencies since the mid-twentieth century, and in the peace agreements reached since then. This is interrelated with an approach to understanding of the historical context of the conflict, through the contrast of multiple documentary sources: the reports of official commissions of inquiry into violence (1958 and 1987), the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (1989 and 1991), the Truth Commission on the events at the Palace of Justice (2010), the reports of the National Center for Historical Memory´s (2008-2018) and, the essays and rapporteurships of the Historical Commission on the Conflict and its Victims (2015); from which, an approach about the collective responsibility of the mass media in the origin and persistence of the armed confrontation and its impact on society is proposed. In this sense, and based on the historical approach of the discourse, the intertextual and interdiscursive analysis of various academic, political, governmental, military, insurgent, journalistic, judicial, legal, social, humanitarian, and victims' actors are addressed; at the same time, the rights to information, truth and peace are integrated, with a view to making contributions from the communicative sphere to overcome the armed conflict and build peace. ; Entre 2012 et 2016, des pourparlers de paix ont eu lieu entre le Gouvernement National de Colombie et la guérilla des FARC-EP, qui ont abouti à la signature de l'Accord Final pour la fin du conflit et la construction d'une paix stable et durable. Dans ce contexte, il est procédé à une analyse critique du discours sur l'accès aux médias, thème récurrent dans les agendas des ...

La procédure applicable en matière de Protection de la jeunesse soulève parfois des interrogations. Elle est régie par des dispositions qui se trouvent en partie dans la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse et en partie au Code de procédure civile. On y trouve des éléments inspirés du régime contradictoire, d'autres du régime inquisitoire et même quelques emprunts à la procédure pénale. Ceci dit, ce processus judiciaire répond-il adéquatement et de façon cohérente aux objectifs de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse? Cet exposé offre des éléments de réponse en décrivant les principales étapes de l'instance où il apparaît que tantôt l'un et tantôt l'autre des régimes procéduraux mentionnés prévalent en fonction de l'objet particulier de chacune des phases du processus. ; Abstract: Procedural matters relating to youth protection raise a number of difficulties due to the various legislative sources which pertain thereto. These procedural aspects are governed by provisions found in the Youth Protection Act as well as in the Code of Civil Procedure. Some of these aspects appear to follow a more traditional adversarial approach while others seem closer to an inquisitorial model. In certain cases, the influence of the law relating to criminal procedure is evident. Does such a judicial process adequately and coherently fulfill the aims of the Youth Protection Act? The goal of the paper is to answer this query by examining the principle stages of the trial process in light of the procedural influences most prevalent at each step.