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SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1861 ; Es reseña de: Democracy and International Law. The Library of Essays in International law Richard Burchill (coord.) Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006 ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Contents of a research. To achieve the uniform and efficient application and treatment of international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention. In order to disclose these rules and evaluate whether it is ensured the efficient hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA, investigate legal acts which are in force nowadays and research ECJ case law and national case law of Lithuania and Norway. Aim of a research. Identify the international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention and investigate whether it is ensured the efficient hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA. Results of a research. The aim and objectives, determined at the beginning of a research, achieved: defined the concept of international jurisdiction and assessed its relation with national jurisdiction; disclosed the legal acts regulating international jurisdiction in civil cases and determined their applicability order; identified the need of adoption of the New Lugano Convention and evaluated its place between other legal acts regulating international jurisdiction in civil cases; disclosed international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention and evaluated whether there is ensured parallel acting of the provisions of this legal act and of the Brussels I bis regulation; and assessed whether the hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA, is efficiently ensured. After the evaluation of research results, provided possible suggestions for legislation improvement (amendmens of some articles of the New Lugano Convention) and other solution for ensurement of the efficient hearing of civil cases on regulation of international jurisdiction in the New Lugano Convention.

Contents of a research. To achieve the uniform and efficient application and treatment of international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention. In order to disclose these rules and evaluate whether it is ensured the efficient hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA, investigate legal acts which are in force nowadays and research ECJ case law and national case law of Lithuania and Norway. Aim of a research. Identify the international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention and investigate whether it is ensured the efficient hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA. Results of a research. The aim and objectives, determined at the beginning of a research, achieved: defined the concept of international jurisdiction and assessed its relation with national jurisdiction; disclosed the legal acts regulating international jurisdiction in civil cases and determined their applicability order; identified the need of adoption of the New Lugano Convention and evaluated its place between other legal acts regulating international jurisdiction in civil cases; disclosed international jurisdiction rules enshrined in the New Lugano Convention and evaluated whether there is ensured parallel acting of the provisions of this legal act and of the Brussels I bis regulation; and assessed whether the hearing of civil cases between Lithuania and Norway, a state member of the EFTA, is efficiently ensured. After the evaluation of research results, provided possible suggestions for legislation improvement (amendmens of some articles of the New Lugano Convention) and other solution for ensurement of the efficient hearing of civil cases on regulation of international jurisdiction in the New Lugano Convention.

By means of this search it was studing dynamics's proceedings at the Council of the State1 and in the Administrative Law Dispute Tribunals of the country, and the offices occupations develop by public servants in order to deal out justice. Congestion means processes accumulation at the Judge's Office, or in other words legal process start pilling up, may be is caused for an imbalance between services demand and the Government's capacity to supply all of it. In synthesis, it`s specify principal causes of congestion both at Council of the State as well as Tribunals and possible alternatives of solutions. This work make a direct impact in people with an intimate relation with this jurisdiction, and, another indirect in all public servants, specially in Judicial and Executive branch. In widest and general sense, impact cover all national community, because one way or another is touch by this kind of jurisdiction. ; Mediante la investigación se estudiaron el movimiento de los procesos que cursan en el Consejo de Estado y en los Tribunales Contencioso Administrativos del País, las actividades que desarrollan los servidores públicos para administrar justicia. La congestión hace referencia a la acumulación de procesos en el despacho, es decir al represamiento de procesos, que puede existir por un desequilibrio entre la demanda de servicios y la capacidad del Estado para atenderla en su totalidad. En síntesis, se establecen las principales causas de la congestión tanto en el Consejo de Estado como en los Tribunales y las posibles alternativas de solución. Este trabajo genera un impacto directo en quienes se hayan relacionados estrechamente con esta jurisdicción y uno indirecto en todos los servidores públicos, en especial en los de las ramas judicial y ejecutiva. En sentido amplio y general, el impacto alcanza a toda la comunidad nacional, toda vez que de una u otra forma es tocada por este tipo de jurisdicción.

By means of this search it was studing dynamics's proceedings at the Council of the State1 and in the Administrative Law Dispute Tribunals of the country, and the offices occupations develop by public servants in order to deal out justice. Congestion means processes accumulation at the Judge's Office, or in other words legal process start pilling up, may be is caused for an imbalance between services demand and the Government's capacity to supply all of it. In synthesis, it`s specify principal causes of congestion both at Council of the State as well as Tribunals and possible alternatives of solutions. This work make a direct impact in people with an intimate relation with this jurisdiction, and, another indirect in all public servants, specially in Judicial and Executive branch. In widest and general sense, impact cover all national community, because one way or another is touch by this kind of jurisdiction. ; Mediante la investigación se estudiaron el movimiento de los procesos que cursan en el Consejo de Estado y en los Tribunales Contencioso Administrativos del País, las actividades que desarrollan los servidores públicos para administrar justicia. La congestión hace referencia a la acumulación de procesos en el despacho, es decir al represamiento de procesos, que puede existir por un desequilibrio entre la demanda de servicios y la capacidad del Estado para atenderla en su totalidad. En síntesis, se establecen las principales causas de la congestión tanto en el Consejo de Estado como en los Tribunales y las posibles alternativas de solución. Este trabajo genera un impacto directo en quienes se hayan relacionados estrechamente con esta jurisdicción y uno indirecto en todos los servidores públicos, en especial en los de las ramas judicial y ejecutiva. En sentido amplio y general, el impacto alcanza a toda la comunidad nacional, toda vez que de una u otra forma es tocada por este tipo de jurisdicción.

Este estudio tiene por objeto el análisis y la valoración crítica de la evolución normativa experimentada en el sector del transporte internacional de viajeros por carretera en el seno de la Unión Europea. El análisis se centra desde una doble perspectiva teórica y práctica, en el estudio de los bloques normativos en presencia, la política común de transportes, la repercusión del Derecho europeo, el inacabado proceso de liberalización, el acceso a la profesión de transportista de viajeros por carretera y la calificación de los tipos de transporte ejecutables en territorio europeo. Desde la perspectiva de análisis de los operadores del sector se abordará en qué medida el objetivo de seguridad jurídica se está logrando o si por el contrario la ausencia de reglas claras de compatibilidad entre esas diversas normas acaban generando incertidumbres que perjudican a todo el elenco de intereses en presencia. ; The aim of this research is to analyze and evaluate the regulations development in the international carriage of passengers by road sector in the European Union. In particular, the research will focus on analyzing the interaction between normative blocks (European Law, national law and the conventional sources), the common transport policy, the impact of European law, the unfinished process of liberalization, the access to profession and the qualification problems of the cabotage transport by road. From the operators sector's point of view, it will tackle that when the aim of the legal security is achiev-ing or on the contrary the absence of the compatibility of the rules between those deserve rules finishes producing doubts that harm all the interests of the present cast.

Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.

La solución de los conflictos de jurisdicciones y de leyes que pueda provocar el ejercicio extraterritorial de los derechos laborales colectivos carece de tratamiento por parte del legislador comunitario, al no haber introducido en las normas existentes en materia de determinación de la competencia judicial y de la legislación aplicable los criterios de conexión necesarios para determinar cuál pueda ser el órgano judicial competente para conocer del conflicto (conflicto de jurisdicciones) y qué ordenamiento jurídico nacional resulta aplicable al asunto (conflicto de leyes). Con este trabajo se busca aportar soluciones razonadas en los casos en los que no existen tales criterios de conexión, así como argumentar sobre la posible aplicación, en ciertos casos, de las normas comunitarias existentes en la actualidad. ; The solution to the conflicts of jurisdictions and laws caused by the extraterritorial exercise of collective labor rights lacks treatment by the EU legislator, since it has not introduced into the existing norms regarding the determination of judicial competence and applicable legislation the necessary connection criteria to determine which the competent judicial body may be to hear about the conflict (conflict of jurisdictions) and what national legal order is applicable to the matter (conflict of laws). This work seeks to provide reasonable solutions in cases where there are no such connection criteria, as well as to argue about the possible application, in certain cases, of the existing EU norms.

La solución de los conflictos de jurisdicciones y de leyes que pueda provocar el ejercicio extraterritorial de los derechos laborales colectivos carece de tratamiento por parte del legislador comunitario, al no haber introducido en las normas existentes en materia de determinación de la competencia judicial y de la legislación aplicable los criterios de conexión necesarios para determinar cuál pueda ser el órgano judicial competente para conocer del conflicto (conflicto de jurisdicciones) y qué ordenamiento jurídico nacional resulta aplicable al asunto (conflicto de leyes). Con este trabajo se busca aportar soluciones razonadas en los casos en los que no existen tales criterios de conexión, así como argumentar sobre la posible aplicación, en ciertos casos, de las normas comunitarias existentes en la actualidad. The solution to the conflicts of jurisdictions and laws caused by the extraterritorial exercise of collective labor rights lacks treatment by the EU legislator, since it has not introduced into the existing norms regarding the determination of judicial competence and applicable legislation the necessary connection criteria to determine which the competent judicial body may be to hear about the conflict (conflict of jurisdictions) and what national legal order is applicable to the matter (conflict of laws). This work seeks to provide reasonable solutions in cases where there are no such connection criteria, as well as to argue about the possible application, in certain cases, of the existing EU norms.

Abstract: Contemporary international society is characterized, among other elements, by its progressive humanization, which situates human beings at the centre of all international concerns. This conceptual approach, and the capacity of global health to situate itself transversally across multiple dimensions, means that health is a material domain that can become a central axis of international action and of International Law. In this paper are discussed, fi rstly, the international notion of health and its global character in a globalized world; secondly, are analysed certain key aspects concerning health as an object of cooperation and international regulation, particularly as it involves the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO). Finally, are presented some of the principal substantive dimensions of current international action in matters of global health. Keywords : Global Health; United Nations; World Health Organisation; foreign policy; epidemic outbreaks; social determinants of health. ; Derecho Internacional y Salud Global: una panorámica Resumen: La sociedad internacional contemporánea se caracteriza, entre otros elementos, por su progresiva humanización, que ha situado a los seres humanos en el centro de todas las preocupaciones internacionales. Este planteamiento conceptual y la misma capacidad de la salud global para situarse transversalmente en múltiples dimensiones configuran a la salud como un ámbito material que puede convertirse en un eje central de la actuación internacional y del Derecho Internacional. En este artículo se presenta, en primer lugar, una aproximación a la noción internacional de salud y a su carácter global en un mundo globalizado; en segundo lugar, se analizan algunos aspectos clave en relación con la salud como objeto de cooperación y regulación internacional, en particular en torno a las Naciones Unidas y a la acción de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS); por último, se formula una rápida presentación de algunas de las principales dimensiones sustantivas de la actual actuación internacional en materia de salud global. Palabras clave: Salud global; Naciones Unidas; Organización Mundial de la Salud; política exterior; brotes epidémicos; determinantes sociales de la salud. ; Le Droit internacional et la santé mondiale : un aperçu Résumé: La société internationale contemporaine est caractérisée, entre autres éléments, pour leur humanisation progressive, qui a placé l'être humain au centre de toutes les préoccupations internationales. Cette approche conceptuelle et la même capacité de la santé mondiale à être placé transversalement dans des multiples dimensions confi gure la santé comme un domaine matériel qui peut devenir une pièce maîtresse de l'action internationale et du droit international. Cet article présente, en premier lieu, une approche à la notion de santé internationale et sa nature global dans un monde globalisé; deuxièmement, sont discutés certains aspects référées à la santé comme un objet pour la coopération et la réglementation internationale, en particulier autour de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et de l'action de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS); enfin, on fait une brève présentation de certaines des principales dimensions de fond de l'action internationale actuelle autour de la santé mondiale. Mots clés: Santé mondiale ; Nations Unies ; Organisation mondiale de la Santé ; politique extérieur ; flambées épidémiques ; déterminants sociaux de la santé.

Contenido Editorial Artículos/Papers Régimen administrativo de las aguas en Venezuela (Referencia especial a la Ley de Aguas) Administrative regime of waters in Venezuela (Special reference to the water law) Fernández Morales, Juan Carlos La sucesión agraria en la legislación agraria venezolana. The agrarian succession in the Venezuelan agrarian legislation Franca Luis,Rosa Isabel. Análisis comparativo entre las leyes orgánicas del ambiente promulgadas en los años 1976 y 2006. Comparative study between venezuela's organic environmental laws published on years 1976 and 2006, respectively León G., José de J. Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1960: precedente de la legislación agroambiental en Venezuela. The agrarian reform law of 1960: precedent of agroenvironment legislation in venezuela Mejías,Carlix. Harmonizaçao de Leis Ambientais nos dez anos do Mercosul. Harmonization of environmental laws in the ten years of mercosur Pereira De Souza, Paulo Roberto. Las tierras de alta calidad agrológica en Venezuela: un reto al desarrollo rural sostenible. Agricultural lands in Venezuela: A challenge to sustained rural development Rojas López, José Jesús La jurisdicción agraria en la Ley de Tierras y Desarrollo Agrario. Agrarian jurisdiction in land law and agrarian development Sánchez, Abdón. Recensiones/Books Review Blanco-Uribe Quintero, Alberto (2005). La definición del Derecho-Deber individual y colectivo al ambiente en el Derecho Reseñado por: Mejías,Carlix. Troconis Parilli, Nelson (2005) Tutela ambiental. Revisión del paradigma ético jurídico sobre el ambiente. Ediciones Paredes. Reseñado por: Mejías,Carlix. Soto, Oscar David (2006). La cuestión agraria en Venezuela. Consejo de Estudios de Postgrado. Maestría en Desarrollo Agrario. Reseñado por: Gómez, Arnaldo. Información/Information Incorporación de la Dra. Edda O. Samudio A. a la Academia Colombiana de Historia. Centro de Estudios Rurales Andinos (CERA). Normas editoriales de la Revista. ; 147-160 ; semestral ; Nivel analítico

La Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR) mantuvo silencio respecto a la competencia consultiva del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar (TIDM) en pleno. Ya que la Sala de Fondos Marinos y Oceánicos tiene una competencia consultiva expresamente prevista, la doctrina estaba dividida acerca de si el TIDM podía emitir opiniones consultivas respecto a la CONVEMAR. Recientemente, el TIDM tuvo la oportunidad de aclarar el asunto. El 2 de abril de 2015, emitió una opinión consultiva solicitada por la Comisión de Pesquerías Subregionales. Las preguntas se relacionaban con los derechos y obligaciones de los Estados del pabellón y los ribereños en la pesca ilegal, no declarada y no regulada. La pregunta que surge es ¿por qué el TIDM decidió investirse de una competencia consultiva sobre la CONVEMAR?. El argumento que aquí se presenta es que el TIDM está expandiendo su autoridad y reputación, a fin de tener un rol efectivo en la administración y protección del régimen internacional de los océanos. En este sentido, los jueces son conscientes del contexto político y que la percepción de los Estados sobre el TIDM puede afectar su efectividad. Dado que los Estados participaron activamente durante el procedimiento, se puede inferir que entendían al asunto como relevante y con posibles consecuencias en sus intereses y derechos. Esta contribución busca desarrollar estos puntos. ; The United Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) restricts the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) jurisdiction by remaining silent about its advisory jurisdiction. As the Seabed Disputes Chamber has an express jurisdiction to give advisory opinions, doctrine was divided as to whether ITLOS as a whole was also entitled to it. Recently, ITLOS had the opportunity to shed light on the issue. On April 2 2015, it delivered an Advisory Opinion after a request submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission. The questions were related with the rights and obligations of flag and coastal states in cases of IUU fishing. Why ITLOS decided to entitle itself with an advisory jurisdiction? we argue that ITLOS is increasingly building and expanding its authority and reputation, in order to have an effective role in administering and protecting the international ocean regime. In that sense, judges are aware of the political context and that the perception of states over the Tribunal can affect its effectiveness. Given that states participated actively during the proceedings, it is valid to infer that they found the issue relevant and with possible consequences on their interests and rights. Even more, ITLOS interpretation of UNCLOS regarding its implicit jurisdiction, provides compelling answers regarding the position of the Tribunal in the ocean regime, and how it positions itself in the dispute settlement system. This contribution explains and provides insight on this issue. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

The purpose of this paper is to analyse legal acts establishing the competence of Constitutional Court of Republic of Lithuania, as well to summarize the constitutional jurisprudence, which reveals the expand of boundaries of constitutional jurisdiction and to dispute main problems of competence of Constitutional Court. The paper is based on analysis of legal acts, decisions of Constitutional Court, juridical publications, articles and other sources. Constitutional Court is the institution implementing the protection of constitutional order, which ensures the supremacy of Constitution and constitutional justice. The competence of Constitutional Court is to review the compatibility of a law with the Constitution. This control includes enactments of Legislature, President and Executive organs. The Constitutional Court also decides on the compatibility of international agreements with the Constitution or the legality of elections and other. There are noticed some changes of limits of jurisdiction in the constitutional doctrine. There has been cases when the Court has decided on the conformity of legal acts with other chapters or priciples of Constitution than it was appealed. Sometimes it was analysed the constitutionality of other enactmens which were not questioned by a petitioner. Boundaries of competence were extended also by deciding on the conformity of legal acts with constitutional laws. Sometimes the object of investigation is invalid acts. Such practise of the Court provocates various discusions. One of sugestions to avoid this practise – to restrict powers of Constitutional Court by forbiding expansive interpretating of tasks and competence of Court. It is important to note that authority of the Court arise from the Constitution. The contraversial decisions of the Constitutional Court are based on interpretion and commentation, but these actions should be more motivated to avoid a violation of the Court's authority. To secure the constitutional protection in the highest level it would be favourable to establish an individual constitutional complaint and an institute of separate opinion of a judge in the constitutional system of Lithaunia, also to consider the possibility to request the European Court of Justice for preliminary decision about the meaning or validity of a particular piece of European Union law to solve the difficulties of interpretation of European Union law.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse legal acts establishing the competence of Constitutional Court of Republic of Lithuania, as well to summarize the constitutional jurisprudence, which reveals the expand of boundaries of constitutional jurisdiction and to dispute main problems of competence of Constitutional Court. The paper is based on analysis of legal acts, decisions of Constitutional Court, juridical publications, articles and other sources. Constitutional Court is the institution implementing the protection of constitutional order, which ensures the supremacy of Constitution and constitutional justice. The competence of Constitutional Court is to review the compatibility of a law with the Constitution. This control includes enactments of Legislature, President and Executive organs. The Constitutional Court also decides on the compatibility of international agreements with the Constitution or the legality of elections and other. There are noticed some changes of limits of jurisdiction in the constitutional doctrine. There has been cases when the Court has decided on the conformity of legal acts with other chapters or priciples of Constitution than it was appealed. Sometimes it was analysed the constitutionality of other enactmens which were not questioned by a petitioner. Boundaries of competence were extended also by deciding on the conformity of legal acts with constitutional laws. Sometimes the object of investigation is invalid acts. Such practise of the Court provocates various discusions. One of sugestions to avoid this practise – to restrict powers of Constitutional Court by forbiding expansive interpretating of tasks and competence of Court. It is important to note that authority of the Court arise from the Constitution. The contraversial decisions of the Constitutional Court are based on interpretion and commentation, but these actions should be more motivated to avoid a violation of the Court's authority. To secure the constitutional protection in the highest level it would be favourable to establish an individual constitutional complaint and an institute of separate opinion of a judge in the constitutional system of Lithaunia, also to consider the possibility to request the European Court of Justice for preliminary decision about the meaning or validity of a particular piece of European Union law to solve the difficulties of interpretation of European Union law.