Suchergebnisse

The court's jurisdiction with regard to employment disputes is a new and unexplored aspect of the application of current labour legislation. The transformation of social and economic relations, an extensive system of specialized courts and the change of established approaches to the subject matter of labour law fundamentally modify the perceptions of labour law's place and role in the legal system of Ukraine. It leads to a reconsideration of traditional approaches to the jurisdiction in general and to the jurisdiction over labour disputes in particular. The main research method is an analytical method that has been used to analyse and categorize legal conclusions of the Great Chamber of the Supreme Court and to identify the relationship between them and the theory of labour law. The principal outcome of the research is that established approaches to the subject matter of labour law are now dated and bound to decline. The current case law of the Supreme Court continues to be in the forefront of changes concerning the application of the law and it also has a significant impact on the basis of labour law. The labour disputes nowadays can be resolved within the civil jurisdiction (based on a labour agreement), the administrative jurisdiction (labour relations in the public service) and the commercial jurisdiction (the appointment and dismissal of directors in companies). Before, the Great Chamber identified a number of labour disputes that should be settled within the alternative dispute resolution procedure.

The article deals with the correlation between the European Union law and international law. Constant participation of the European Union and its members in international organizations gave a rise to the need for establishment of interrelation between the sources of international law particularly international agreements and customs and sources of European Union law such as regulating agreements and acts of the EU institutions as well as necessity to identify which norms should be applied in a certain case and which hierarchical connections exist in these sources. This issue was research by numerous Ukrainian and foreign scholars such as T.V. Komarova, O.V. Plotnikov, K. Zigler, I.I. Maryniv, R. Jennigs, K. Tomushat and others. But unlike scientific research EU agreements do not have any provisions which would identify the type of relations between EU law and international law. It is also necessary to note that the only subject which position is important in this sphere is EU Court. In order to answer the mentioned questions decisions of the EU Court which had an impact on the formation of a new law and order on international level such as the one of the European Union (for example decision in case Van Gend en Loos) and decision of the Court which established fundamental positions regarding correlation of EU law and international law (for example in case Kadi v Council and Commission) were researched into. Provisions of EU regulating agreements related to international agreements and their place in the system of norms of the European Union were analyzed. To see the procedure of applying customary law in European law case law of the EU Court was researched. The article provides modern position of the EU Court regarding interaction between European and international law.

The article deals with the issue of the conflicts of laws in international private law. It has been found out that each state has its own legal regulation of the relations which leads to conflicts of material norms of various states and complicates legal regulation of international relationships. The law of the states has many differences in regulation of various relations which provides for application of a connecting factor as one of the ways to solve the problem. It has been proved that international private law has a significant role in regulation of relations with a foreign element. As for international private law which norms are formed independently by each state, compliance with treaty obligations as well as rules and principles of international law by each state is significant to each state. At the same time, codification of international private law is the main way for systematization and legislative implementation of conflict of laws, material and procedural provisions designated for regulation of private relations with foreign element. Qualification of legal definitions which are applied in formulation of the rule of the conflict of laws is a burning issue as well. It has been established that the procedure for qualification in international private law should identify the model of relations and consists of three stages which are: interpretation of the rule; analysis of relations; comparison of the rule and relations. It has been clarified that the situation of a mobile conflict and the issue of acceptance or failure to accept remission and remission to the law of the third state relate to the issue regarding application of the rule of the conflict of laws in international private law. We think that the first priority task is to bring national laws on international private law in compliance with modern conditions of international civil and trade turnover. For the future development it is necessary to introduce a single legislative act which will take into account all these issues and the mechanism ...

Currently, international community faces bloody armed conflicts. During the operation in Syria, thousands of civilians become victims. Many other countries are suffering because they are forced to divide their homes with the waves of migrants. Every day we see violation of human rights, which are the most important values enshrined in the international law, and these violations constitute crimes against the international law. Ukraine is also experiencing a similar situation. During the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian relations, the issue of responsibility of the parties to the conflict for their crimes is very relevant. In this context, accusations and convictions often occur at the level of national courts. They are the most effective instrument of condemning citizens of the other party for war crimes. Our task is to figure out whether there exists an effective mechanism to convict the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. There are mechanisms to punish the subject whose actions affect the interests of all mankind. It is widely known and used both in the international and national law, and called universal jurisdiction. The problem is that still, there are not any unified principles for its application. In particular, the question arises, who can apply it and against whom. The article reveals the peculiarities of application of the universal jurisdiction in the national law. In particular, attention is paid to the mechanisms for consolidating universal jurisdiction in the legislation of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal systems, in particular as regards its subject-matter, personal and territorial application. An inalienable element of this study is the analysis of the powers and practice of the judicial authorities in this matter. The main purpose of the article is a study of universal jurisdiction, based on classical cases of its consolidation in the national law. Additionally, we consider issues of practical application thereof in cases of war crimes. The conclusion is that the national legislation has moved to a more narrow understanding of the universal jurisdiction. Most often, in order to start a case, the complainant must be present before the national court. It is important that the offenses have a connection with public interests of the state iudex loci deprehensionis. The problem is also that the consolidation and application of universal jurisdiction at the national level has not been yet unified.Article received 25.02.2019 ; Щодня ми бачимо порушення прав людини, які є найважливішою цінністю, закріпленою в міжнародному праві, і ці порушення є злочинами проти міжнародного права. Україна також переживає подібну ситуацію. Під час загострення українсько-російських відносин питання відповідальності сторін конфлікту за злочини є дуже актуальним. Засудження часто відбувається на рівні національних судів, адже вони є найефективнішим інструментом засудження громадян іншої сторони за воєнні злочини. У статті розкрито особливості застосування універсальної юрисдикції в національному праві. Ця концепція є актуальною для України сьогодні у світлі подій на Сході. У статті розглянуто механізми закріплення універсальної юрисдикції в законодавстві держав романо-германської та англосаксонської правових систем, зокрема щодо її предметного, персонального та територіального застосування. Здійснено аналіз повноважень та практики судових органів у цьому питанні.Матеріал надійшов 25.02.2019

Currently, international community faces bloody armed conflicts. During the operation in Syria, thousands of civilians become victims. Many other countries are suffering because they are forced to divide their homes with the waves of migrants. Every day we see violation of human rights, which are the most important values enshrined in the international law, and these violations constitute crimes against the international law. Ukraine is also experiencing a similar situation. During the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian relations, the issue of responsibility of the parties to the conflict for their crimes is very relevant. In this context, accusations and convictions often occur at the level of national courts. They are the most effective instrument of condemning citizens of the other party for war crimes. Our task is to figure out whether there exists an effective mechanism to convict the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. There are mechanisms to punish the subject whose actions affect the interests of all mankind. It is widely known and used both in the international and national law, and called universal jurisdiction. The problem is that still, there are not any unified principles for its application. In particular, the question arises, who can apply it and against whom. The article reveals the peculiarities of application of the universal jurisdiction in the national law. In particular, attention is paid to the mechanisms for consolidating universal jurisdiction in the legislation of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal systems, in particular as regards its subject-matter, personal and territorial application. An inalienable element of this study is the analysis of the powers and practice of the judicial authorities in this matter. The main purpose of the article is a study of universal jurisdiction, based on classical cases of its consolidation in the national law. Additionally, we consider issues of practical application thereof in cases of war crimes. The conclusion is that the national legislation has moved to a more narrow understanding of the universal jurisdiction. Most often, in order to start a case, the complainant must be present before the national court. It is important that the offenses have a connection with public interests of the state iudex loci deprehensionis. The problem is also that the consolidation and application of universal jurisdiction at the national level has not been yet unified.Article received 25.02.2019 ; Щодня ми бачимо порушення прав людини, які є найважливішою цінністю, закріпленою в міжнародному праві, і ці порушення є злочинами проти міжнародного права. Україна також переживає подібну ситуацію. Під час загострення українсько-російських відносин питання відповідальності сторін конфлікту за злочини є дуже актуальним. Засудження часто відбувається на рівні національних судів, адже вони є найефективнішим інструментом засудження громадян іншої сторони за воєнні злочини. У статті розкрито особливості застосування універсальної юрисдикції в національному праві. Ця концепція є актуальною для України сьогодні у світлі подій на Сході. У статті розглянуто механізми закріплення універсальної юрисдикції в законодавстві держав романо-германської та англосаксонської правових систем, зокрема щодо її предметного, персонального та територіального застосування. Здійснено аналіз повноважень та практики судових органів у цьому питанні.Матеріал надійшов 25.02.2019

Currently, international community faces bloody armed conflicts. During the operation in Syria, thousands of civilians become victims. Many other countries are suffering because they are forced to divide their homes with the waves of migrants. Every day we see violation of human rights, which are the most important values enshrined in the international law, and these violations constitute crimes against the international law. Ukraine is also experiencing a similar situation. During the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian relations, the issue of responsibility of the parties to the conflict for their crimes is very relevant. In this context, accusations and convictions often occur at the level of national courts. They are the most effective instrument of condemning citizens of the other party for war crimes. Our task is to figure out whether there exists an effective mechanism to convict the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. There are mechanisms to punish the subject whose actions affect the interests of all mankind. It is widely known and used both in the international and national law, and called universal jurisdiction. The problem is that still, there are not any unified principles for its application. In particular, the question arises, who can apply it and against whom. The article reveals the peculiarities of application of the universal jurisdiction in the national law. In particular, attention is paid to the mechanisms for consolidating universal jurisdiction in the legislation of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal systems, in particular as regards its subject-matter, personal and territorial application. An inalienable element of this study is the analysis of the powers and practice of the judicial authorities in this matter. The main purpose of the article is a study of universal jurisdiction, based on classical cases of its consolidation in the national law. Additionally, we consider issues of practical application thereof in cases of war crimes. The conclusion is that the national legislation has moved to a more narrow understanding of the universal jurisdiction. Most often, in order to start a case, the complainant must be present before the national court. It is important that the offenses have a connection with public interests of the state iudex loci deprehensionis. The problem is also that the consolidation and application of universal jurisdiction at the national level has not been yet unified.Article received 25.02.2019 ; Щодня ми бачимо порушення прав людини, які є найважливішою цінністю, закріпленою в міжнародному праві, і ці порушення є злочинами проти міжнародного права. Україна також переживає подібну ситуацію. Під час загострення українсько-російських відносин питання відповідальності сторін конфлікту за злочини є дуже актуальним. Засудження часто відбувається на рівні національних судів, адже вони є найефективнішим інструментом засудження громадян іншої сторони за воєнні злочини. У статті розкрито особливості застосування універсальної юрисдикції в національному праві. Ця концепція є актуальною для України сьогодні у світлі подій на Сході. У статті розглянуто механізми закріплення універсальної юрисдикції в законодавстві держав романо-германської та англосаксонської правових систем, зокрема щодо її предметного, персонального та територіального застосування. Здійснено аналіз повноважень та практики судових органів у цьому питанні.Матеріал надійшов 25.02.2019

This article deals with the issues of regulation of property relations of spouses in private international law. The article deals with the conflict issues of marriage, as well as the contractual regime of a property of spouses. The article reveals the content of the Minsk and Chisinau conventions on property relations between spouses. In particular, the conventions say that the property relations between spouses are determined by the legislation of the Contracting Party in whose territory they live together. If the husband lives in one Contracting State and the wife in the other and both have the same nationality, the law of the country of which they are nationals governs their property relations. Attention is paid to bilateral agreements on legal assistance to States in the field of property relations between spouses. For example, such an agreement exists between Russia and Estonia, and it helps to resolve various property issues between spouses. The domestic legislation of different States regulates the issue of determining the regime of matrimonial property in different ways. For example, in the States of the Anglo-Saxon legal system and in most Muslim countries there is only a regime of separate property. On the contrary, in the States of the Romano-German legal system, preference is given to the regime of the common property of spouses, and it is possible to establish a different regime of property relations by agreement of the spouses. According to this principle, and developing family law in Russia.

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of procedural relations, as well as the delimitation of the administrative process from civil-procedural activity on the subjects of consideration of labor disputes. It is emphasized that the problem of distinguishing material public law from private is always an important problem. Not all labor relations fall under the signs of private law, in which the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals are protected, but most of them are regulated by labor legislation, which is based on the legislation regulating private relations. However, there are relations that arise between state bodies and citizens governed by labor law, but their regulation falls within the sphere of public law. Disputes arising from these legal relationships are resolved by the administrative court. Protection of certain labor relations is also carried out with the application of administrative liability, cases concerning this are considered by a court of general jurisdiction. The author notes that the legislator provided for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of workers by the competent authorities to apply measures of administrative coercion. After all, being the main method of administrative activity, persuasion is not always a very effective measure to influence the behavior of those who commit illegal acts. In this regard, the state, protecting the inviolability of the regulated labor relations of the person, his right to work and adequate remuneration, the legitimate interests of citizens, their teams, trade unions, the rights and responsibilities of owners of enterprises, institutions and organizations, authorizes employees authorities to apply coercion to those who are not influenced by persuasion and public influence. Administrative coercion is applied on the basis of persuasion, the means of influence of which have already been exhausted. One of the types of measures of administrative coercion used in the consideration of labor disputes in order to protect labor relations is administrative liability. Cases of this jurisdiction are considered by a court of general jurisdiction. The author defines the criteria for distinguishing between labor disputes, which belong to the competence of the administrative court (considered in administrative proceedings and regulated by the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine) and general jurisdiction (considered in civil proceedings and regulated by the Labor Code). ; У статті розглядаються питання правового регулювання процесуальних відносин, а також відмежування адміністративного процесу від цивільно-процесуальної діяльності за предметами розгляду трудових спорів. Підкреслюється, що важливою проблемою завжди виступає проблема відмежування матеріального публічного права від приватного. Не всі трудові відносини підпадають під ознаки приватно-правового характеру, де захищаються права, свободи й інтереси фізичних осіб, хоча більшість із них регулюються трудовим законодавством, яке в основі своїй є законодавством, що регулює приватноправові відносини. Однак є відносини, які виникають між державними органами й громадянами, регульовані трудовим законодавством, але розгляд спорів і процес їх вирішення належать до сфери публічного права. Справи відносно вирішення цих спорів розглядаються адміністративним судом. Автором відзначається, що законодавець передбачив для охорони прав і законних інтересів трудящих застосування компетентними органами заходів адміністративного примусу. Адже будучи основним методом адміністративної діяльності, переконання не завжди виявляється досить ефективним заходом впливу на поведінку осіб, що вчиняють протиправні дії. У зв'язку з цим держава, охороняючи недоторканність урегульованих трудових відносин особи, її права на працю і адекватну оплату цієї праці, законні інтереси громадян, їхніх колективів, профспілкових організацій, прав і обов'язків власників підприємств, установ і організацій, уповноважує співробітників окремих органів застосовувати примус до тих, хто не піддається впливу заходів переконання й громадського впливу. Адміністративний примус застосовується на основі переконання, засоби впливу якого вже вичерпані. Одним із видів заходів адміністративного примусу, що застосовується під час розгляду трудових спорів з метою захисту трудових відносин, є адміністративна відповідальність. Справи даної юрисдикції розглядаються судом загальної юрисдикції. Автором визначено критерії для розмежування розгляду трудових спорів, які належать до компетенції адміністративного суду (розглядаються в порядку адміністративного судочинства та регулюються Кодексом адміністративного судочинства України) та загальної юрисдикції (розглядаються в порядку цивільного судочинства та регулюються Кодексом законів про працю).

The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of procedural relations, as well as the delimitation of the administrative process from civil-procedural activity on the subjects of consideration of labor disputes. It is emphasized that the problem of distinguishing material public law from private is always an important problem. Not all labor relations fall under the signs of private law, in which the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals are protected, but most of them are regulated by labor legislation, which is based on the legislation regulating private relations. However, there are relations that arise between state bodies and citizens governed by labor law, but their regulation falls within the sphere of public law. Disputes arising from these legal relationships are resolved by the administrative court. Protection of certain labor relations is also carried out with the application of administrative liability, cases concerning this are considered by a court of general jurisdiction. The author notes that the legislator provided for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of workers by the competent authorities to apply measures of administrative coercion. After all, being the main method of administrative activity, persuasion is not always a very effective measure to influence the behavior of those who commit illegal acts. In this regard, the state, protecting the inviolability of the regulated labor relations of the person, his right to work and adequate remuneration, the legitimate interests of citizens, their teams, trade unions, the rights and responsibilities of owners of enterprises, institutions and organizations, authorizes employees authorities to apply coercion to those who are not influenced by persuasion and public influence. Administrative coercion is applied on the basis of persuasion, the means of influence of which have already been exhausted. One of the types of measures of administrative coercion used in the consideration of labor disputes in order to protect labor relations is administrative liability. Cases of this jurisdiction are considered by a court of general jurisdiction. The author defines the criteria for distinguishing between labor disputes, which belong to the competence of the administrative court (considered in administrative proceedings and regulated by the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine) and general jurisdiction (considered in civil proceedings and regulated by the Labor Code). ; У статті розглядаються питання правового регулювання процесуальних відносин, а також відмежування адміністративного процесу від цивільно-процесуальної діяльності за предметами розгляду трудових спорів. Підкреслюється, що важливою проблемою завжди виступає проблема відмежування матеріального публічного права від приватного. Не всі трудові відносини підпадають під ознаки приватно-правового характеру, де захищаються права, свободи й інтереси фізичних осіб, хоча більшість із них регулюються трудовим законодавством, яке в основі своїй є законодавством, що регулює приватноправові відносини. Однак є відносини, які виникають між державними органами й громадянами, регульовані трудовим законодавством, але розгляд спорів і процес їх вирішення належать до сфери публічного права. Справи відносно вирішення цих спорів розглядаються адміністративним судом. Автором відзначається, що законодавець передбачив для охорони прав і законних інтересів трудящих застосування компетентними органами заходів адміністративного примусу. Адже будучи основним методом адміністративної діяльності, переконання не завжди виявляється досить ефективним заходом впливу на поведінку осіб, що вчиняють протиправні дії. У зв'язку з цим держава, охороняючи недоторканність урегульованих трудових відносин особи, її права на працю і адекватну оплату цієї праці, законні інтереси громадян, їхніх колективів, профспілкових організацій, прав і обов'язків власників підприємств, установ і організацій, уповноважує співробітників окремих органів застосовувати примус до тих, хто не піддається впливу заходів переконання й громадського впливу. Адміністративний примус застосовується на основі переконання, засоби впливу якого вже вичерпані. Одним із видів заходів адміністративного примусу, що застосовується під час розгляду трудових спорів з метою захисту трудових відносин, є адміністративна відповідальність. Справи даної юрисдикції розглядаються судом загальної юрисдикції. Автором визначено критерії для розмежування розгляду трудових спорів, які належать до компетенції адміністративного суду (розглядаються в порядку адміністративного судочинства та регулюються Кодексом адміністративного судочинства України) та загальної юрисдикції (розглядаються в порядку цивільного судочинства та регулюються Кодексом законів про працю).

This article is devoted to the main problems in the institute of the death penalty. Nowadays, our society concentrates on the humanization of the rule-making framework, and especially on the loyal application of the punishment to the defendants. The State by establishing the death penalty takes away human life and it denies the honor, dignity and social value of human beings as the main goal of the states and social existence. The main idea of this article to analyze the institute of the death penalty, to explore and make statistics of states where it still exists and to determine reasons for its application. Therefore, the author considered the main aspects of the institution of the death penalty and the right to life, their legislative consolidation and concluded that the problem of the death penalty is one of the biggest problems in international law. In today's society, a lot of issues concerning the rightness and legality of the use of the death penalty exist. In this regard, the article focuses on the main regulations in which the prohibition of the death penalty is enshrined, these include the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on the Abolition of the Death Penalty and the like. The concept of the death penalty, history and current state of its development in the world are also revealed. Also, the author analyzed the doctrine of scholars on this issue and consented that the death penalty is contrary to the principle right to life, which is the major one in international law. The author noted that many countries refuse to recognize international standards in this sphere and refuse to ratify the Protocols to international treaties abolishing the death penalty. Analyzing the issue of the death penalty, the author outlined numerous problems raised during conducting the study and noted that the international community has the task of solving the problems mentioned ...

The article researches development of trust property institute in continental law states and investigates possible development of national legislation in this sphere. The article also characterizes modern state of trust property in Ukraine and proposed models of its improvement. In all researched continental law states it is possible to trace personal way of development of trust property institute as well as a special mean of trust implementation. Approaches of foreign legislators distinguish and can be seen in implementation of single-level and two-level changes. The first one is ratification of the Hague Trust Convention (Italy) as well as enshrining of its own trust like constructions (France, Germany). Two-level changes are represented by first Ratification of the Hague Trust Convention and then adoption of special acts to regulate legislative collisions in regulation of trust relations (Switzerland). The article has also researched prospects in development of Ukrainian national legislation. Draft laws which are registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and consider trust property as one more way to ensure performance of duties along with other ones provided for by p. 1 of Art. 546 of the Civil Code of Ukraine such as forfeit, bailment, guarantee, collateral/pledge, retention, deposit (down payment) have been investigated. Reasons for enlarging legislation on trust relations through ratification of conventions and creation of a wide legal regulation of the researched sphere have been provided.