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SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1861 ; Es reseña de: Democracy and International Law. The Library of Essays in International law Richard Burchill (coord.) Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006 ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

By means of this search it was studing dynamics's proceedings at the Council of the State1 and in the Administrative Law Dispute Tribunals of the country, and the offices occupations develop by public servants in order to deal out justice. Congestion means processes accumulation at the Judge's Office, or in other words legal process start pilling up, may be is caused for an imbalance between services demand and the Government's capacity to supply all of it. In synthesis, it`s specify principal causes of congestion both at Council of the State as well as Tribunals and possible alternatives of solutions. This work make a direct impact in people with an intimate relation with this jurisdiction, and, another indirect in all public servants, specially in Judicial and Executive branch. In widest and general sense, impact cover all national community, because one way or another is touch by this kind of jurisdiction. ; Mediante la investigación se estudiaron el movimiento de los procesos que cursan en el Consejo de Estado y en los Tribunales Contencioso Administrativos del País, las actividades que desarrollan los servidores públicos para administrar justicia. La congestión hace referencia a la acumulación de procesos en el despacho, es decir al represamiento de procesos, que puede existir por un desequilibrio entre la demanda de servicios y la capacidad del Estado para atenderla en su totalidad. En síntesis, se establecen las principales causas de la congestión tanto en el Consejo de Estado como en los Tribunales y las posibles alternativas de solución. Este trabajo genera un impacto directo en quienes se hayan relacionados estrechamente con esta jurisdicción y uno indirecto en todos los servidores públicos, en especial en los de las ramas judicial y ejecutiva. En sentido amplio y general, el impacto alcanza a toda la comunidad nacional, toda vez que de una u otra forma es tocada por este tipo de jurisdicción.

By means of this search it was studing dynamics's proceedings at the Council of the State1 and in the Administrative Law Dispute Tribunals of the country, and the offices occupations develop by public servants in order to deal out justice. Congestion means processes accumulation at the Judge's Office, or in other words legal process start pilling up, may be is caused for an imbalance between services demand and the Government's capacity to supply all of it. In synthesis, it`s specify principal causes of congestion both at Council of the State as well as Tribunals and possible alternatives of solutions. This work make a direct impact in people with an intimate relation with this jurisdiction, and, another indirect in all public servants, specially in Judicial and Executive branch. In widest and general sense, impact cover all national community, because one way or another is touch by this kind of jurisdiction. ; Mediante la investigación se estudiaron el movimiento de los procesos que cursan en el Consejo de Estado y en los Tribunales Contencioso Administrativos del País, las actividades que desarrollan los servidores públicos para administrar justicia. La congestión hace referencia a la acumulación de procesos en el despacho, es decir al represamiento de procesos, que puede existir por un desequilibrio entre la demanda de servicios y la capacidad del Estado para atenderla en su totalidad. En síntesis, se establecen las principales causas de la congestión tanto en el Consejo de Estado como en los Tribunales y las posibles alternativas de solución. Este trabajo genera un impacto directo en quienes se hayan relacionados estrechamente con esta jurisdicción y uno indirecto en todos los servidores públicos, en especial en los de las ramas judicial y ejecutiva. En sentido amplio y general, el impacto alcanza a toda la comunidad nacional, toda vez que de una u otra forma es tocada por este tipo de jurisdicción.

Este estudio tiene por objeto el análisis y la valoración crítica de la evolución normativa experimentada en el sector del transporte internacional de viajeros por carretera en el seno de la Unión Europea. El análisis se centra desde una doble perspectiva teórica y práctica, en el estudio de los bloques normativos en presencia, la política común de transportes, la repercusión del Derecho europeo, el inacabado proceso de liberalización, el acceso a la profesión de transportista de viajeros por carretera y la calificación de los tipos de transporte ejecutables en territorio europeo. Desde la perspectiva de análisis de los operadores del sector se abordará en qué medida el objetivo de seguridad jurídica se está logrando o si por el contrario la ausencia de reglas claras de compatibilidad entre esas diversas normas acaban generando incertidumbres que perjudican a todo el elenco de intereses en presencia. ; The aim of this research is to analyze and evaluate the regulations development in the international carriage of passengers by road sector in the European Union. In particular, the research will focus on analyzing the interaction between normative blocks (European Law, national law and the conventional sources), the common transport policy, the impact of European law, the unfinished process of liberalization, the access to profession and the qualification problems of the cabotage transport by road. From the operators sector's point of view, it will tackle that when the aim of the legal security is achiev-ing or on the contrary the absence of the compatibility of the rules between those deserve rules finishes producing doubts that harm all the interests of the present cast.

Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.

La solución de los conflictos de jurisdicciones y de leyes que pueda provocar el ejercicio extraterritorial de los derechos laborales colectivos carece de tratamiento por parte del legislador comunitario, al no haber introducido en las normas existentes en materia de determinación de la competencia judicial y de la legislación aplicable los criterios de conexión necesarios para determinar cuál pueda ser el órgano judicial competente para conocer del conflicto (conflicto de jurisdicciones) y qué ordenamiento jurídico nacional resulta aplicable al asunto (conflicto de leyes). Con este trabajo se busca aportar soluciones razonadas en los casos en los que no existen tales criterios de conexión, así como argumentar sobre la posible aplicación, en ciertos casos, de las normas comunitarias existentes en la actualidad. ; The solution to the conflicts of jurisdictions and laws caused by the extraterritorial exercise of collective labor rights lacks treatment by the EU legislator, since it has not introduced into the existing norms regarding the determination of judicial competence and applicable legislation the necessary connection criteria to determine which the competent judicial body may be to hear about the conflict (conflict of jurisdictions) and what national legal order is applicable to the matter (conflict of laws). This work seeks to provide reasonable solutions in cases where there are no such connection criteria, as well as to argue about the possible application, in certain cases, of the existing EU norms.