Suchergebnisse

Kao rezultat izbora 2005. Pravo i pravda (PIS) postaje dominantna stranka u poljskom parlamentu s dominantnom braćom Kaczyński na čelu. Od 2007. do 2015. je oporbena politička sila, a onda 2015. uvjerljivom većinom i u donjem i u gornjem domu parlamenta opet dolazi na vlast. PiS je radikalna stranka desne orijentacije ili desnog centra. Zbog svojih je radikalnih stavova često spominjan kao uzrok slabijeg razvoja Poljske i njenog slabog međunarodnog položaja. U radu se konzervativna vlast te stranke prikazuje s obzirom na neovisnost rada sudova, slobodu medija i zaštitu ljudskih prava i sloboda. Status zaštite ljudskih prava i stupanj demokracije utjecao je na odnos EU prema Poljskoj, a nacionalizam PiS-a na odnos Poljske prema EU, Rusiji, Njemačkoj i ukupnoj međunarodnoj zajednici. ; As a result of the 2005 election, the Law and Justice party (abbreviated as PiS in Polish for Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) became the dominant party in the Polish parliament under the leadership of the Kaczyński brothers, Lech and Jaroslaw. From 2007 to 2015, PiS was a force in its role as the political opposition. It came to power again in 2015 after winning persuasive majorities in the Lower and Upper Houses. PiS is a radical party of right or center-right orientation. Because of its radical positions, it often is mentioned as a cause of Poland's weaker national development and international status. This work discusses the party's conservative government with regard to the relationship between legislative and judicial authorities, freedom of the media, and the protection of human rights. Poland's state of human rights protection and its degree of democracy has influenced its relationship with the EU. PiS's nationalism also has had an impact on Poland's relations with the EU, Russia, Germany, and the larger international community.

Magistrska diplomska naloga nosi naslov Odločanje Sodišča Evropske unije o pristojnosti. V nalogi sem sprva opisala temeljna načela, ki so vodilo delovanja Sodišča Evropske unije, ter se seznanila z njihovo uporabo in razlago v praksi. Ugotovila sem, da med pravnim redom Evropske unije in pravnimi redi držav članic velja načelo nadrejenosti ter da je pravni red Evropske unije superioren. Sledilo je raziskovanje, kako Sodišče Evropske unije odloča o pristojnosti, pri čemer sem spoznala, da ima Sodišče Evropske unije zelo pomembno vlogo, ko odloča o razmejitvi pristojnosti med državo članico ter Evropsko unijo. S sodno prakso namreč riše mejo med avtonomnostjo države članice ter posegi v njeno avtonomnost s strani Evropske unije. Nato sem opisala in spoznavala kakšne so njegove pristojnosti ter kakšni so postopki, ki jih Sodišče Evropske unije uporablja pri svojem odločanju. Ugotovila sem, da je temeljna naloga Sodišča Evropske unije skrbeti za enotno razlago in uporabo prava Evropske unije. Ugotovila sem, da Sodišče Evropske unije skozi sodno prakso čedalje bolj širi svoje pristojnosti in krepi svojo vlogo v razmerju do držav članic, čeprav v praksi vse države članice temu niso prav naklonjene. Na koncu naloge sem opisala in pojasnila, kako so se pristojnosti Sodišča Evropske unije okrepile po sprejemu Lizbonske pogodbe, ter poskušala poiskati razlike ter podobnosti med sistemom delitve oblasti v Evropski uniji ter sistemom delitve oblasti v zvezni državi, predvsem s strani odločanja Sodišča Evropske unije ter njegovih pristojnosti. ; In this assignment, I first described the fundamental principles that constitute the functioning of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and took note of their application and interpretation into practice. I have discovered that the principle of superiority is applied between the legal order of Member States and the rule of European Union in which the legal order of the European Union is superior. This was followed by a study of how the European Court of Justice decides on jurisdiction, and I realized that the Court of Justice of the European Union plays a very important role in deciding on the delimitation of competences between a Member State and the European Union. Through its case-law the Court of Justice of the European Union draws the boundary between the autonomy of a Member State and interference with Member States' autonomy by the European Union. I then described and learned about what its competences are and what are the procedures used by the Court of Justice of the European Union in its decision-making. I have found out that the fundamental task of the Court of Justice of the European Union is to ensure uniform interpretation and application of European Union law. I have found that the Court of Justice of the European Union increasingly expands its jurisdiction through jurisprudence and strengthens its role vis-à ; -vis Member States, although in practice all Member States do not favor this right. At the end of the thesis, I described and explained how the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union was strengthened after the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, and sought to find differences and similarities between the system of division of power in the European Union and the system of division of power in the federal state, notably through the decision-making of the Court and its powers.

Razvoj ljudske civilizacije usko je povezan s korištenjem energije i njezinih mnogostrukih izvora. Od doba ranih hominida na planetu, prije sedam milijuna godina, pa do sadašnjeg homo sapiens sapiens, energija je bila osnovni čimbenik opstanka vrste. Crkva općenito, a posebice kroz svoj socijalni nauk pokazuje posebno zanimanje za pitanja cjelovitog ljudskog razvoja, pa je tako predmet njezina razmatranja i pitanje energije, kao iznimnog izazova za pravdu, sigurnost i mir u svijetu. S pitanjem globalne energetike bave se izravno pape Ivan Pavao II., Benedikt XVI. i Franjo, svjesni da ono spada u iznimno bitne znakove vremena, koje treba pretpostavljati, čitati i tumačiti u svjetlu evanđeoske mudrosti. Ipak, problematika energije, odnosno energetskog sustava, još uvijek je jedno zanemareno globalno pitanje današnjice, iako je iznimno bitan čimbenik za cjelovit razvoj i ljudsko dostojanstvo. ; The development of human civilization is closely related to the use of energy and of its multiple sources. From the time of the early hominoids on the planet, seven million years ago, to the present homo sapiens sapiens, energy has been a basic factor affecting the survival of the species. Generally speaking and particularly through her Social Doctrine, the Church demonstrates a special interest in issues concerning integral human development. Thus, the energy issue is also deemed a subject to be dealt with by the Church since it is an exceptional challenge for the purposes of justice, security and peace in the world. Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis all have concerned themselves with the question of global energy, being aware that this is an extremely important sign of the times which must be understood, read and interpreted in the light of evangelical wisdom. Nevertheless, matters concerning energy and the energy system are today still a neglected global issue, though an immensely important factor affecting integral development and human dignity.

Međunarodni kazneni sud novo je međunarodno tijelo kojem je glavni cilj istraga i suđenje slučajeva genocida, ratnih zločina, te zločina protiv čovječnosti u zemljama članicama. Iako su Sjedinjene Američke Države u 2000. potpisale Rimski statut, međunarodnu povelju iz 1998. koja predstavlja osnovicu Međunarodnog kaznenog suda, Busheva vlada napravila je velik zaokret godinu dana kasnije, potpuno se ograđujući od svake ideje o suđenju Amerikancima izvan zemlje. Tekst analizira glavne argumente američke vanjske politike povezane s Međunarodnim kaznenim sudom, od navodne pristranosti Suda, te odnosa između Suda i Ujedinjenih naroda, pa sve do pitanja američkog suvereniteta. Također, ponuđena je i međunarodnopravna politička kritika nedavnih poteza američke vlade, koji štete i američkim nacionalnim interesima, i međunarodnoj sigurnosti. ; The International Criminal Court is a new international body constituted with the aim of prosecuting and trying cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Although in 2000 the United States signed the 1998 Rome Statute, which is the foundation of the International Criminal Court, the Bush Administration took a radically different position the following year, protecting itself from any idea of trying American citizens abroad. This text analyses the main U.S. foreign policy arguments pertaining to the ICC, from the alleged impartiality of the Court and the relationship between the Court and the United Nations, to the question of American sovereignty. In addition, the text offers an international legal and political critique of the recent U.S. policy actions, which harmed both American national interests, as well as international security.

Ulaskom Hrvatske u EU, europski standardi zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti radnika trebali su se primijeniti i na hrvatske radnike. Hrvatska je uskladila svoje zakonodavstvo prije ulaska, ali se europsko radno pravo nastavilo razvijati posebice u judikaturi Suda EU-a. Pitanja organizacije radnog vremena spadaju u ključna područja zaštite sigurnosti i zdravlja radnika. Sud EU-a razvio je jasne kriterije kojima je moguće na ujednačen način na području EU-a razgraničiti pojmove radnog vremena i vremena odmora. U tekstu se definiraju pojmovi europskoga radnog prava te izvora koji uređuju ovu materiju. Analiziraju se i relevantne presude Suda EU-a kao i njihove implikacije na hrvatsko radno zakonodavstvo, te se daju prijedlozi de lege ferenda o reguliranju radnog vremena i vremena odmora u kontekstu Direktive 2003/88/EZ. Usporedbom zakonodavstva i sudske prakse EU-a s hrvatskim zakonodavstvom i sudskom praksom dolazi se do zaključka da bi se Hrvatska trebala uskladiti s europskim standardima u odnosu na europski koncept radnog vremena i vremena odmora. ; European Labour Law has laid down minimum safety and health requirements for the organisation of working time and rest period. Most of European labour provisions must transpose into national legislation. For the accurate transposition and application of such legislation, it is necessary to identify and understand relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice of the EU. Working time and rest periods are autonomous concepts of European law and must therefore be applied equally and uniformly throughout the EU. The ECJ used a theological interpretation of these terms and gradually expanded their content. In addition, its jurisprudence provided clear criteria for distinguishing between working time and rest period. Finally, it must be noted that Croatian labour legislation and jurisprudence did not follow the development the EU concept of working time and rest period.

Opšte poznato je da sigurnosni sistem i drugi sistemi određeni su i zavisni od političkog sistema i Ustavnog poretka, takođe i kvalitet sigurnosnog sistema u jednoj državi zavisi i od mnogih drugih faktora , ali značajnih u određenim vremenskim periodima. Edukacija, profiliranje u edukacionom smislu je faktor od značaja u današnjem vremenu, pogotovo kada imamo u vidu transnacionalne sigurnosne izazove i razne druge izvore ugrožavanja. Sigurnosni sistem Kosova je, vremenski rečeno, kasnije konsolidiran u uporedbi sa drugim sistemima, poznavajući delikatnost oblasti sigurnosti u mladoj državi, ali zahvaljujući i edukaciji i školovanjem mladih kadrova kroz nekoliko programa studija,ovaj sistem je kvalitetno kosolidiran u profesionalnom smislu, i kvalitet usluga ovog sistema je bio na očekivajućem nivou. To znači da sigurnosnostanje na Kosovu je bilo, a i sada je na zadovoljavajućem nivou, ili drugačije rečeno, u prosjeku stanje je sigurnosno gledajući stabiljnije nego u drugim državama u regiji. Profil kriminalista i kriminologa na Kosovu do 2009.godine bio manje poznat u javnosti dok u raznim konkursima nije nigdje bio evidentiran kao profil ili smjer, dok poslije završetka i diplomiranja kadrova iz prve generacije programa Kriminalistike i Kriminologije i zaposlenja određenog broja istih, javnost i institucije su sa skepsom prihvatili, ali brzo i shvatili značaj i doprinos ovog profila u sigurnosnom sistemu Kosova. Danas svjedočimo implementaciji tih mladih kvalificiranih školovanih kadrova koji stvaraju radne odnose i ugovore u zaposlenju u podsistemima sigurnosnog sistema Kosova. Prezentacija geneze, tog sada već dugoročnog, uspjeha cilj je ovog autorskog uradka. --- It is generally known that the security system and other systems are defined by and dependent on the political system and constitutional order;also the quality of the security system in one country depends on many other factors, relative to given time periods. Education, profiling in an educational sense, is the factor of importance today, especially when we take into account the transnational security challenges and a variety of other sources of threats. Security system in Kosovo is recently consolidated in comparison with other systems, given the delicacy of the area of security in the young country, but thanks to the training and education of young staff through a number of programs of study, one can say that this system is well consolidated in the professional sense, and in the quality of its services. This means that security in Kosovo was, and still is at a satisfactory level, or in other words, the average balance of the security appears more stable than in other countries in the region. Profile of a criminalist and criminologists in Kosovo was less known to the public until 2009 when the first cohort graduated in Criminal Justice and Criminology. They were consequently employed even thouhg not without a doze of initial scepticism; however, employers quickly realized the importance and contribution of the profiles in the security system in Kosovo. Today we are witnessing performance of these young qualified educated professionals employed in the subsystems of the security system in Kosovo. The main purpose of this article is to present the this already long-termsuccess of this new profile of professionals in the Kosovo security system.