Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена проблеме государственного регулирования хаджа паломничества в Мекку мусульман Русского Туркестана. На основании архивных и правовых документов автор показывает, что царская власть в этом регионе не запрещала исполнение ими такого важного исламского установления, как хадж. Она разумно регулировала его, учитывая совокупность политических и эпидемиологических обстоятельств на Ближнем Востоке. Автор отмечает, что мусульмане Русского Туркестана с пониманием относились к паломнической политике русских властей.The article is devoted to a problem of state regulation of the Hajj the pilgrimage of Muslims from Russian Turkestan to Mecca. On the basis of archival and legal documents the author shows, that the imperial authority in this region did not forbid execution by them of such important Islamic establishment as Hajj. Authority reasonably adjusted it, considering set of political and epidemiological circumstances in the Middle East. The author marks, that Muslims of Russian Turkestan treated with understanding to the pilgrim policy of Russian authorities.

For almost 35 years, Michael Kaufman has been an educator, writer, and activist focused on engaging with men and boys to promote gender equality and end men's violence against women. He is the co-founder of the White Ribbon Campaign, the largest effort in the world of men working to end violence against women. He has worked in more than 45 countries, within the UN system—including with UNICEF, UNESCO, UN Women, UNDP, UNFPA, and IFAD—and with governments and numerous local and international NGOs, including Save the Children, OXFAM, and Amnesty International. He is the author or editor of six books on gender issues, democracy, and development studies, and is also the author of an award-winning novel, The Possibility of Dreaming on a Night Without Stars. His most recent book is The Guy's Guide to Feminism. His articles have been translated into Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Turkish, Estonian, Persian, Russian, Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese. He previously taught at York University in Toronto where he was Deputy Director of the Center for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean. He lives in Toronto, Canada, is married, and has a daughter and a son.

On July 11, 1867, an imperial decree established the governor-generalship of Turkestan, inaugurating a significant experiment in Russian administration of Central Asia. On July 14 General Konstantin Petrovich fon-Kaufman (1818-82) was appointed Turkestan's first governor general. During the next fourteen years he rooted Russian colonial rule so firmly that subsequent incompetent governors could not overturn it. He began Turkestan's modernization, but his regime aroused intense controversy in Russia. Colleagues eulogized Kaufman as a talented organizer who won the loyalty and respect of both Russians and natives. Numerous critics, led by General M. G. Cherniaev, his successor (1882-84), castigated his administration. Kaufman's work was misrepresented by Eugene Schuyler, an American diplomat. Soviet historians either vilified him as an instrument of tsarist imperialism or relegated him to obscurity.