At the beginning of the 21st century, rural policy remains one of the most important areas of the public policy in both developing and most advanced countries. Therefore, significant financial and human resources are made available for the implementation of this policy measures. For instance, in 2007 through 2013 the European Union (EU) budget for European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development accounted for EUR 96.2 billion (11 per cent of the total EU budget). A similar situation was observed in Lithuania. The amount of the EU support for rural development in 2007-2013 amounted to LTL 6 billion 096 million with co-financing from the Lithuanian national budget of LTL 1 billion 799 million. A large number of specialists and designated institutions develop and implement rural policy measures and monitor the support programmes. Are the huge financial and human resources assigned for rural development actually used in an efficient way, are rural policy decisions able to adapt to the highly dynamic situation in the business and social life?
At the beginning of the 21st century, rural policy remains one of the most important areas of the public policy in both developing and most advanced countries. Therefore, significant financial and human resources are made available for the implementation of this policy measures. For instance, in 2007 through 2013 the European Union (EU) budget for European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development accounted for EUR 96.2 billion (11 per cent of the total EU budget). A similar situation was observed in Lithuania. The amount of the EU support for rural development in 2007-2013 amounted to LTL 6 billion 096 million with co-financing from the Lithuanian national budget of LTL 1 billion 799 million. A large number of specialists and designated institutions develop and implement rural policy measures and monitor the support programmes. Are the huge financial and human resources assigned for rural development actually used in an efficient way, are rural policy decisions able to adapt to the highly dynamic situation in the business and social life?
At the beginning of the 21st century, rural policy remains one of the most important areas of the public policy in both developing and most advanced countries. Therefore, significant financial and human resources are made available for the implementation of this policy measures. For instance, in 2007 through 2013 the European Union (EU) budget for European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development accounted for EUR 96.2 billion (11 per cent of the total EU budget). A similar situation was observed in Lithuania. The amount of the EU support for rural development in 2007-2013 amounted to LTL 6 billion 096 million with co-financing from the Lithuanian national budget of LTL 1 billion 799 million. A large number of specialists and designated institutions develop and implement rural policy measures and monitor the support programmes. Are the huge financial and human resources assigned for rural development actually used in an efficient way, are rural policy decisions able to adapt to the highly dynamic situation in the business and social life?
At the beginning of the 21st century, rural policy remains one of the most important areas of the public policy in both developing and most advanced countries. Therefore, significant financial and human resources are made available for the implementation of this policy measures. For instance, in 2007 through 2013 the European Union (EU) budget for European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development accounted for EUR 96.2 billion (11 per cent of the total EU budget). A similar situation was observed in Lithuania. The amount of the EU support for rural development in 2007-2013 amounted to LTL 6 billion 096 million with co-financing from the Lithuanian national budget of LTL 1 billion 799 million. A large number of specialists and designated institutions develop and implement rural policy measures and monitor the support programmes. Are the huge financial and human resources assigned for rural development actually used in an efficient way, are rural policy decisions able to adapt to the highly dynamic situation in the business and social life?
The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]
The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]
The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]
The analysis of differences of social development between urban and rural populations must take into account that in Lithuania the rural population is large, although not as large as urban population. Similar situation is observed in many other EU countries (for example, 66,8 per cent of Swedish population is rural, as is 50.6 per cent Finnish population), but the difference is that majority of Lithuaniani's rural population works in country, while majority of rural population in other EU countries works in towns and cities.[.]
Elderships, including rural ones, are the closest to the needs of each member of the society. Yet these organizations are currently facing great challenges. Possessing a relatively limited degree of autonomy and employees of limited competence, elderships have to be responsible for the functions and objectives assigned, although, if they were more autonomous, these organizations could be responsible for more functions, as they are closer to the people and understand their needs better. Notably, the changing and increasing needs of modern society encourage continuous learning and acquisition of new competences. A question is often raised as to which subjects, and to what extent, help one to develop professional competencies, especially their practical aspects. Identifying the latter would make it possible to improve the learning process and the links between the sharing of theoretical knowledge and the development of practical skills. This would help to encourage students or prospective students to examine the practical competences they already have and choose study programmes rationally. The article analyzes the significance of the transformation of rural development administrators' functions and issues related to their activities in the changing environment. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and empirical research, the article discusses the content of competences, the conditions for transformation and the impact on both the teaching process and the working environment. ; Seniūnijos, tarp jų ir kaimiškosios, yra arčiausiai kiekvieno visuomenės nario poreikių. Tačiau šios institucijos šiuo laikotarpiu patiria didelius iššūkius, nes turėdamos gana ribotą savarankiškumo laipsnį ir ribotos kompetencijos darbuotojus, turi atsakyti už paskirtas funkcijas bei tikslus, nors galėtų atsakyti už daugiau funkcijų būdamos savarankiškesnės, nes yra arčiau žmonių ir labiau suvokia jų poreikius. Galima pastebėti, kad kintantys ir didėjantys šiuolaikinės visuomenės poreikiai skatina nuolatinį mokymąsi ir naujų kompetencijų įgijimą. Dažnai kyla klausimas, kurie dalykai ir kokiu mastu ugdo profesinę kompetenciją, o ypač praktinius jos aspektus. Pastaruosius identifikavus, būtų galima tobulinti mokymosi procesą, gerinti teorinių žinių perteikimo ir praktinių įgūdžių ugdymo ryšius. Šitai padėtų skatinti studijuojančius ar ketinančius studijuoti asmenis analizuoti turimas praktines kompetencijas ir tikslingai pasirinkti mokymo programas. Straipsnyje analizuojama kaimo plėtros administratoriaus funkcijų transformacijos svarba bei veiklos problemos kintančioje aplinkoje. Straipsnyje, remiantis mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analize ir empiriniais tyrimais, aptariamas kompetencijų turinys, nagrinėjamos transformacijos prielaidos ir poveikis tiek mokymo procesui, tiek darbo aplinkai.Key words: rural development administrators, functions, rural development policy and management.JEL Codes: R58, Z18.
This article puts emphasis on the tendencies of residents service institutions' network alternation in Lithuanian rural settlements since the soviet time till today, especially underlying the years of XXI century. The purpose of the article is to point out the tendencies of education, culture, medical institutions, also, market, catering, post and banking services network's changes in Lithuanian rural settlements. Also, to point out the factors that are infl uencing these changes; to underline the territorial patterns of the changes. The research results revealed that there is a decrease of all types of residents' service institutions (except shops) in Lithuanian rural settlements. However, the biggest decrease is noticed among catering, kindergartens and banking services institutions. The research results reviled that the regional spread of residents' service institutions network in the mezzo scale is infl uenced by the historically formed territorial settlement system and regional demographic peculiarities. Whereas, in the micro scale the existence of residents' service institutions in particular settlement depends on its size, tenable administration functions (it usually determines institutional "heritage" as well) and position in the cities system network. The research allows making conclusion that due to the decreasing number of inhabitants in the rural settlements, there should necessarily take place the reorganization of municipality and government owned institutions (cultural centres, libraries, education institutions and etc.) in future.
This article puts emphasis on the tendencies of residents service institutions' network alternation in Lithuanian rural settlements since the soviet time till today, especially underlying the years of XXI century. The purpose of the article is to point out the tendencies of education, culture, medical institutions, also, market, catering, post and banking services network's changes in Lithuanian rural settlements. Also, to point out the factors that are infl uencing these changes; to underline the territorial patterns of the changes. The research results revealed that there is a decrease of all types of residents' service institutions (except shops) in Lithuanian rural settlements. However, the biggest decrease is noticed among catering, kindergartens and banking services institutions. The research results reviled that the regional spread of residents' service institutions network in the mezzo scale is infl uenced by the historically formed territorial settlement system and regional demographic peculiarities. Whereas, in the micro scale the existence of residents' service institutions in particular settlement depends on its size, tenable administration functions (it usually determines institutional "heritage" as well) and position in the cities system network. The research allows making conclusion that due to the decreasing number of inhabitants in the rural settlements, there should necessarily take place the reorganization of municipality and government owned institutions (cultural centres, libraries, education institutions and etc.) in future.
This article puts emphasis on the tendencies of residents service institutions' network alternation in Lithuanian rural settlements since the soviet time till today, especially underlying the years of XXI century. The purpose of the article is to point out the tendencies of education, culture, medical institutions, also, market, catering, post and banking services network's changes in Lithuanian rural settlements. Also, to point out the factors that are infl uencing these changes; to underline the territorial patterns of the changes. The research results revealed that there is a decrease of all types of residents' service institutions (except shops) in Lithuanian rural settlements. However, the biggest decrease is noticed among catering, kindergartens and banking services institutions. The research results reviled that the regional spread of residents' service institutions network in the mezzo scale is infl uenced by the historically formed territorial settlement system and regional demographic peculiarities. Whereas, in the micro scale the existence of residents' service institutions in particular settlement depends on its size, tenable administration functions (it usually determines institutional "heritage" as well) and position in the cities system network. The research allows making conclusion that due to the decreasing number of inhabitants in the rural settlements, there should necessarily take place the reorganization of municipality and government owned institutions (cultural centres, libraries, education institutions and etc.) in future.
This article puts emphasis on the tendencies of residents service institutions' network alternation in Lithuanian rural settlements since the soviet time till today, especially underlying the years of XXI century. The purpose of the article is to point out the tendencies of education, culture, medical institutions, also, market, catering, post and banking services network's changes in Lithuanian rural settlements. Also, to point out the factors that are infl uencing these changes; to underline the territorial patterns of the changes. The research results revealed that there is a decrease of all types of residents' service institutions (except shops) in Lithuanian rural settlements. However, the biggest decrease is noticed among catering, kindergartens and banking services institutions. The research results reviled that the regional spread of residents' service institutions network in the mezzo scale is infl uenced by the historically formed territorial settlement system and regional demographic peculiarities. Whereas, in the micro scale the existence of residents' service institutions in particular settlement depends on its size, tenable administration functions (it usually determines institutional "heritage" as well) and position in the cities system network. The research allows making conclusion that due to the decreasing number of inhabitants in the rural settlements, there should necessarily take place the reorganization of municipality and government owned institutions (cultural centres, libraries, education institutions and etc.) in future.
Rural areas play an important role in the national economy, the environment and society, contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage and the sustainable income of peasants. The growth of production rates by large agroholdings, which is mainly specialized on the crop production, does not contribute to the development of rural areas. The purpose of the article is to develop measures to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas. In the article, based on the method of comparative analysis, various aspects of programs on sustainable development of rural areas have been researched; economic development of rural territories for 2010-2016 has been studied on the basis of sociological and statistical data. The results of this research include the development of mechanisms for implementation of the sustainable development policy of rural areas, including promising directions of local areas development and innovative solutions to environmental and social problems. ; Kaimo vietovėms tenka svarbus vaidmuo šalies ekonomikoje, aplinkoje ir visuomenėje, jos prisideda prie kultūros paveldo ir tvarių ūkininkų pajamų išsaugojimo. Didelių žemės ūkio valdų plotų savininkai (agroholdingai), daugiausia besispecializuojantys auginti pasėlius, nedidina kaimo vietovių plėtros. Straipsnio tikslas – parengti priemones, užtikrinančias darnų kaimo vietovių vystymąsi. Straipsnyje išnagrinėti įvairūs kaimo vietovių tvaraus vystymosi programų aspektai, remiantis sociologiniais ir statistiniais duomenimis, tiriama Ukrainos kaimo vietovių ekonominė plėtra 2010–2016 m. Šio tyrimo rezultatai apima kaimo vietovių darnios plėtros politikos įgyvendinimo mechanizmų kūrimą, įskaitant perspektyvias vietos plėtros kryptis ir naujoviškus aplinkos ir socialinių problemų sprendimus.
The main provisions of a new long-term society ideology of sustainable development have been defined during the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. Concept of sustainable rural development has been developed in response to the two prevailing rural development paradigms - agro-industrial and post-industrial. The core idea of this concept is that the protection of the environment as well as economic and social development must go hand in hand and reinforce each other. Due to the basic challenge of sustainable development which involve integration of different actions as well as sectorial integration, applying holistic approach and overcoming existing barriers between disciplines, it has become a serious test for policy-makers and contemporary management generally, where spatial and functional differentiation disperse the ability to deal effectively with the problems among different sets of actors, all with specialized tasks and limited resources and competence. Government has become increasingly dependent on cooperation and mobilization of common resources, necessary to ensure sustainable development, but owned by actors from outside the hierarchical control. In parallel implementation of fundamental - social, economic and environmental - objectives of sustainable development has become dependent on the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. These dependences led to the emergence of policy networks as a new form of government, differing from traditional governing by market and hierarchy. Lithuania is lagging behind the West European countries according to the level of rural sustainable development.
