Suchergebnisse

The article is based on the study of the biography of Khairi Gimadi (Gimadutdinov Khairutdin Gimadievich), the famous Tatar historian, Candidate of Sciences in History, Senior Researcher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the specialty of "History of Tataria". He worked as Senior Researcher at The Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IYALI KFAN USSR), and later as Head of the History Sector. Kh. Gimadi's scientific activity took place under a tightening ideological control over the activities of the national intelligentsia in the context of the famous August (1944) Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Contemporary researchers often refer to his works, especially when describing the events associated with the mentioned Resolution. But specialized works on the study of the biography of Kh. Gimadi still do not exist. The article presents the results of the scientific research related to the study of the biography of the Tatar historian, the most valuable of which were the memoirs of Kh. Gimadi, stored in the personal archive of his children. The sources contain the information about the parents, the native village of Khairutdin Gimadievich; the rural life is also described. The most part of the story is devoted to the period of famine in the Volga region and to the children homelessness in the 1920s. The materials of the article will be useful for regional and Russian historians studying the development of Russian science and the Soviet everyday life.

This study aims to find out the code switching from Sundanese to Arabic, the number of switch words that occur in the Arabic language absorption element and find out the factors that lead to the code switching from Sundanese to Arabic and vice versa in Sundanese religious speech of KH Jamaludin Pandeglang-Banten. This research uses the theory of code switching. This research was conducted by analyzing the transition of language in text of Sundanese religious speech of K.H Jamaludin. Data analysis method used in this research is the method of code switching analysis. Using the method of code switching, the analysis will focus on the linguistic and contextual aspects associated with those aspects. Data in the text will be analyzed by using analysis of code switching model that Appel expressed the transition phenomenon of language usage due to situation change. The results of this study show the code switching from Sundanese to Arabic. There are many of code switching from Sundanese to Arabic in the religious speech of KH Jamaludin in front of his congregation. Though the congregation who attended were not all citizens of the Sundanese community. There are also people speak Serang and Lampung's Javanese. But with a culture approach put forward by K.H Jamaludin, finally the concepts of understanding and reality of language diversity in his speech will be easily understood. The discourse of speech interaction of KH Jamaludin in Banten or outside Banten, it is an important event for Muslims who listen to the speech delivered by KH Jamaludin that shows the Indonesian-Sundanese-Arabic code switching. It is based on the observation and analysis of the data, the variation of language and the type of language used through the recorded video transcripted. There are several factors causing the code switching: 1) situation factor, 2) psychological factor, 3) language and Islamic politics.---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui Alih Kode dari bahasa Sunda ke bahasa Arab, jumlah kata beralih yang terjadi pada unsur bahasa serapan bahasa Arab dan menemukan faktor –faktor apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya alih kode dari bahasa Sunda ke Arab dan sebaliknya pada ceramah keagamaan bahasa Sunda K.H Jamaludin Pandeglang-Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Alih Kode. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis peralihan bahasa dalam teks naskah ceramah Keagamaan bahasa Sunda K.H Jamaludin. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis alih kode. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis Alih Kode, analisis akan difokuskan pada aspek kebahasaan dan konteks yang terkait dengan aspek-aspek tersebut. data yang berupa teks akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis model alih kode yang diungkapkan Appel yaitu gejala peralihan pemakaian bahasa karena berubahnya situasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Alih Kode dari Bahasa Sunda ke Bahasa Arab. Alih kode dari bahasa Sunda ke bahasa Arab cukup banyak dilakukan oleh penceramah saat memberikan materi ceramah atau khutbah di hadapan para jamaahnya. Padahal jamaah yang hadir tidak semuanya warga masyarakat Sunda ada juga warga masyarakat berbahasa Jawa Serang dan Lampung. Namun dengan pendekatan kultur yang lebih dikedepankan oleh K.H Jamaludin, akhirnya konsep-konsep pemahaman dan realiatas keberagaman bahasa dalam ceramahnya akan mudah ditoleril. Wacana interaksi ceramah atau khutbah yang dilakukan oleh K.H Jamaludin di wlayah Banten atau luar Banten, hal ini menjadi peristiwa penting bagi umat Islam yang ceramahnya dibawakan oleh K.H Jamaludin dan yang didengar oleh para jamaahnya menunjukkan adanya alih kode yang berupa perpindahan dari Alih Kode "Indonesia-Sunda-Arab" Dalam Ceramah Keagamaan (K.H Jamaludin Pandeglang, Banten). dari pengamatan dan analisis data, variasi bahasa dan tipe pengguaan bahasa yang diperoleh melaui rekaman video yang dijadikan ke dalam teks dapat ditemukan beberapa faktor-faktor penyebab Alih Kode, yaitu berikut : 1) faktor situasi, 2) faktor kejiwaan, 3) politik bahasa dan politik islam.

The article is the first research work on the biography of Khairi Gimadi, who was a bright representative of the Soviet school of historians, whose activities took place at the time of tighter ideological pressure on the Tatar intelligentsia. Kh. Gimadi's works on the history of the Tatar ASSR were created in the context of the ongoing campaigns against "bourgeois objectivism" and "cosmopolitanism", linguistic and political economic discussions. Being a loyal communist, he often had to sacrifice his scientific principles, and it ultimately led to the disillusionment with the current system and the tragic death of the historian. The article uses the method of oral history (in-depth interview), which played an important role in building a holistic picture of the life of Kh. Gimadi. For the first time, the personal file of the historian is introduced into a scientific circulation, the documents from which allow us to trace the pedagogical, scientific, and socio-political activities of the scholar. The most valuable are the memoirs and letters of Kh. Gimadi. These records are kept in his children's personal archives and reflect the childhood and adolescence of the future historian: they describe in detail the years of mass famine in the Volga region, children homelessness, the work of the Children's commissions and orphanages. The materials of the article may be useful for the researchers studying the development of the Humanities during the period of late Stalinism, the daily life of the Soviet children of the 1920s and the intelligentsia of the 1940s and 1950s.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of the implemen- tation of the Land Procurement for Development for Public Interest under Law No. 2 of 2012 on Land Procurement for Development in the Public Interest, which previously only regulated through Presidential Regulation No. 36 Year 2005 on Land Procurement for Development Public Interest as amended by Presidential Decree No. 65 of 2006 and Regulation implementation, the new law is more balance between the interests of government and the interests of society. Methods The approach used in this thesis that the juridical empirical research methods and specifications used in this research is descriptive analy- tic. Data collection research using primary data collection and secondary data. Analysis technique is qualitative descriptive. From the research that has been done shows that the implementation of the Implementation of Land Procure- ment for Development for Public Interest under Law No. 2 of 2012 have not been effectively implemented, due tofrequent change-unlike its implementing regulations stipulated in Presidential Regulation and the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial I Head of the National Land Agency

Business ethics is a study of true or false moral. People doing business aims to findas much profit as possible, even using unethical means. The conventional classic economiclaw controls the capital as small as possible and dredge profits as good as possible. Thusmaking the business people to justify everything. It's no surprise that business people donot pay attention to social responsibility and business ethics. This research aims to knowthe Islamic business and to know the attitudes of the traders in the market Manaqibalready in accordance with Islamic business ethics. Research is done by collecting datafrom a variety of sources: books, magazines, journals or other writings and is supported by direct observation or observation and interviews and then then Symbolisions. The methodused in this research is a descriptive method with a normative juridical approach. Anormative juridical approach is an approach made based on key legal materials byexamining theories, concepts, principles of law and legislation. From the results of theresearch found that traders understand the ethical selling good by offering goods in anhonest, trustworthy, polite, and do not conceal the defective goods. When it is stored byother merchants they keep it well. Traders are traders who are ethics of Islamic business,because almost all traders in the market Manaqib have applied the foundations of Islamicbusiness ethics on the implementation of its businesses

Bericht über die bedrohliche Nahrungsmittelsituation in der Region von Equatoria, Upper Nile and Bahr el Ghazal mit Zahlen der Relief and Rehabilitation Commission über benötigte Nahrungsmittelhilfe, um einer Hungerkatastrophe zu entgehen. (DÜI-Asd)

Bericht über die seit zehn Jahren zunehmende Trockenheit im Sudan, die in den letzten zwei Jahren zwei Millionen Menschen betroffen hat; Auswirkungen der Trockenheit (Abwanderung, Gefahr des Aussterbens ganzer Stämme, Flüchtlinge aus Tschad und Eritrea, bewaffnete Auseinandersetzungen unter den Nomaden u.a.); Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Trockenheit, Aufgaben des Committee for the Combat of Drought and Desertification

A wave of regional autonomy in Indonesia, which led to the enactment of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Local Government and Government Regulation Number 78 of 2007 actually, in principle, as a correction of the weaknesses of Law Number 22 of 1999 and Government Regulation No. 129 of 2000 by tightening the requirements regional expansion. But in its implementation, the Government Regulation Number. 78 of 2007 is not effective, due to the politicization of interest. Legal product is basically a political product, but many aspects people interest must necessarily remain the main spirit of the laws themselves. For the essential decentralization and regional autonomy are to the welfare of the community, shortening the span of control, and improve public services

The report assesses the views of Sudan's various political parties concerning the path to national government. What emerges is a great lack of agreement between the parties, which hardly bodes well for future coordination and coalition. Last but not least because of the ongoing civil war in the South, the wisdom of the timing of the general, but de facto partial elections is questioned by the political factions. (DÜI-Asd)

This article seeks to reveal the religious experiences of the members of the Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah (TQN) in Suryalaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java. Using a phenomenological approach, this article finds that TQN followers exhibit religious awareness and obedience to legal norms, reflected in various ritual practices, such as dhikr (remembrance), khataman (completing the reading of the Qur'ān), manakiban (reciting the saint's hagiography), riyāḍah (spiritual exercises), tawassul (mediating), and ḥajj (pilgrimage). The religious awareness is built upon the belief in achieving good morality as the attribute of a perfect man (insān kāmil). The socio-structural diversity of the TQN community in social life is manifested in the complexity of hierarchies involved in the tarekat system: murshid (spiritual leader); representatives of talqīn which include intellectuals/modernist, ulama/ traditionalist, scholar/neo-traditionalist; preachers from the realms of pesantren, university, and politics. This article argues that the relationship between different hierarchies of membership in the TQN with regard to religious awareness is based on the understanding of the tarekat teaching provided by the spiritual leader.

Bericht über die verschiedenen Arten der Entwicklungshilfe (Finanzhilfe, Lieferung von Agrar- und Industrieprodukten, Ausbildungshilfe, Entsendung ausländischer Experten in den Sudan, Nahrungsmittelhilfe), Umfang, Geber und Projekte unter dem besonderen Aspekt der Dürre- und Flüchtlingskatastrophe

Uzbekistan became an independent and sovereign state in 1991. Earlier, it was part of the Tsarist and Communist ideological states which sought to assimilate its centuries-old religious, cultural and linguistic identities. After disintegration of the Soviet Union, the new regime rejected the communist ideals and committed itself to fostering all-round development of historical, national and cultural traditions of the people of Uzbekistan. The new regime exchanged the Soviet hammer and sickle for traditional symbols of nation-hood—a flag, an anthem and new holidays ranging from the national/political (Flag Day and Independence Day) to the cultural (Novroz). After 25 years of independence, Uzbekistan seems successful in all fields. It has developed its own strategy for renewal of the society, known as Uzbek Model. All Central Asian republics embarked upon the path of self-discovery and national reconstruction to rest their worldview into their own specific cultural and linguistic moorings. They are reviving and reshaping their economy, history, language and national identity in the process of regaining their pre-soviet legacy. For this, each republic is reinvigorating its linguistic distinctiveness as a vehicle for expressing national identity. This article deals with the revival of Uzbek language and national identity in the post-independence period.