Suchergebnisse

U hrvatskome školskom sustavu dogodilo se da je "najstariji" školski predmet, onaj s najduljom školskom tradicijom, postao najmlađi. Konfesionalni katolički vjeronauk, naime, vraćen je u hrvatsku školu školske godine 1991/92, punih 40-ak godina nakon nasilnog isključenja 1952. godine. Stoga ne čudi što i sam taj predmet, odnosno Katolička crkva u Hrvata, permanentno i danas, promišlja profil i suvremeni kurikulum vjeronauka u školi, što su još uvijek interna crkvena motrišta i danas divergentna glede toga predmeta – od tvrdnji da mu je mjesto u crkvenom dvorištu pa sve do ushita što je ponovno vraćen u hrvatski školski sustav, u kojemu treba biti temeljni odgojni predmet. Nasuprot tome, na profanom području, čak i onom pedagoškome, nerijetko se dovodi u pitanje potreba i opravdanost uvođenja tog predmeta u školski sustav, ili ga se podcjenjuje, marginalizirajući ga i prepuštajući potpuno crkvenim institucijama kako bi se izbjegla svaka odgovornost, ili ga pak uspoređujući s nastavom marksizma iz prošlih vremena. U ovom radu nastoje se usustaviti neke znanstvene pretpostavke za kvalitetnije razumijevanje i daljnji razvoj vjeronauka u školi te upozoriti na njegovu teološko-pedagošku utemeljenost; njegov profil u nacionalnim školskim sustavima zemalja Europske unije; prikazati nezaobilazni doprinos toga predmeta cjelovitom odgoju u nas, što je osobito razvidno iz pedagogijskog istraživanja provedenoga na nacionalnom planu glede toga predmeta (ovo je prvo parcijalno objavljivanje tih rezultata) te naznačiti aktualne i moguće razloge krize i(li) suvremenih izazova tom predmetu. ; In the Croatian educational system it has happened that the "oldest" school subject, the one with the longest educational tradition, has become the most recent. The confessional Catholic religious instruction was returned to Croatian school in the school year 1991/92, forty years after its forced removal in 1952. Therefore, it is not surprising that Croatian Catholic Church has permanently considered the profile and contemporary curriculum of "religious instruction in school". Internal church views are even today divergent regarding that subject – ranging from claims that its place is "in the church courtyard" to the elation because of its return to the Croatian school system in which it should represent a basic pedagogic subject. On the other side, in the profane area, even the educational one, the need and justification of including that subject into the school system is frequently questioned, or it is being underrated, marginalized and left completely to the Church institutions to avoid any possible responsibility, or compared to the subject of Marxism from the past times. This article tends to systematize some scientific premises for better understanding and further development of "religious instruction in school"; to show its theological-educational foundation; to present its profile in the national school systems in the European Union countries; to document the obvious contribution of this subject to the integral education in Croatia, which is especially evident from the national educational survey, (partially) presented here for the first time; and to point out the actual and possible reasons for crisis and/or contemporary challenges for this subject. ; Im kroatischen Schulsystem kam es dazu, dass das "älteste" Schulfach, jenes mit der längsten Schultradition, zum jüngsten Schulfach wurde. Der konfessionelle katholische Religionsunterricht wurde nämlich an den kroatischen Schulen erst im Schuljahr 1991/92 wieder eingeführt, sogar 40 Jahre nachdem er im Jahre 1952 gewaltsam aus dem Lehrplan gestrichen wurde. Deswegen ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass die Fachdidaktiker bzw. die Katholische Kirche unter den Kroaten permanent über das Profil und Curriculum des "schulischen Religionsunterrichts" nachdenken und dass interne kirchliche Standpunkte hinsichtlich dieses Schulfaches noch immer weit auseinnandergehen – von Behauptungen, dass der Religionsunterricht in den "Kirchenhof " gehört bis zur Begeisterung darüber, dass er wieder seinen Platz im kroatischen Schulsystem gefunden hatte, wo er das grundlegende Erziehungsfach darstellen sollte. Andererseits werden auf der weltlichen Seite, sogar unter den Pädagogen Stimmen laut, die oft den Sinn und die Notwendigkeit einer Wiedereinführung dieses Faches in das kroatische Schulsystem in Frage stellen, oder dessen Bedeutung unterschätzen, indem sie es marginalisieren und vollständig den kirchlichen Institutionen überlassen, um jede mögliche Verantwortung zu vermeiden, oder es mit dem Marxismusunterricht aus den früheren Zeiten vergleichen. In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, einige wissenschaftliche Voraussetzungen für ein besseres Verständnis und weitere Entwicklung des "schulischen Religionsunterrichts" zu systematisieren, sowie auf seine theologisch-pädagogische Begründung und dessen Profil in den nationalen Schulsystemen der Europäischen Union hinzuweisen. Dieses Fach leistet bei uns einen unumgänglichen Beitrag zu einer ganzheitlichen Erziehung, was insbesondere aus einer landesweit durchgeführten Untersuchung über dieses Schulfach ersichtlich wird, deren Ergebnisse hier zum ersten Mal (partiell) veröffentlicht werden. Zum Schluss werden aktuelle Ursachen sowie mögliche Gründe für die gegenwärtige Krise und/oder Herausforderungen genannt, mit denen sich dieses Fach konfrontieren muss.

This article presents a discussion of the essence of moral, political theology, one which is specifically related to the political life and the public attitude with which Croatia would like to enter the European Union and make itself more present in the world. It is a theology which strives to actively contribute to the process of the humanisation of society. Theology, as an attitude of critical reasoning, plays a fundamental role in the process of the liberation of man and the strengthening of the Christian community by helping to liberate them from all types of fetishes and idolatry. At the same time, it helps avoid the kind of fatal narcissism which impoverishes human relationships. Understood in this way, every kind of theology, and especially political theology, has a permanent and necessary role to play in the process of liberation from all forms of religious alienation. This alienation is generally something which the ecclesiastical institutions themselves produce when they obstruct or hinder the Word of God being approached in an authentic way. Adapted from the source document.

Twitter has recently become an important channel of information. It is used by governments, politicians, sportsmen, artists and even scientists.We were interested in how much cartographers used Twitter and what kind of cartographic content can be found on Twitter. ; U posljednjih nekoliko godina Twitter je postao jedan od važnih kanala širenja različitih informacija. Njime se služe vlade pojedinih zemalja, političari, sportaši, umjetnici, mnogi drugi pa i znanstvenici.Zanimalo nas je u kojoj se mjeri kartografi služe Twitterom i kakvi se kartografski sadržaji nalaze na njemu.

Kant's philosophy of religion is inseparably linked with his onto-gnoseological & ethic concepts. The author explains his concept of religion within the limits of practical reason as well as his theoretical agnosticism. We can only have certain ideas & beliefs about the transcedental, God, & immorality of the soul -- they are solely the notions of practical reason -- but we cannot have any theoretical knowledge. The author shows how the absence of critical awareness about the possibility of rational cognition leads to various kinds of dogmatism. Adapted from the source document.

Kant's philosophy of religion is inseparably linked with his onto-gnoseological & ethic concepts. The author explains his concept of religion within the limits of practical reason as well as his theoretical agnosticism. We can only have certain ideas & beliefs about the transcedental, God, & immorality of the soul -- they are solely the notions of practical reason -- but we cannot have any theoretical knowledge. The author shows how the absence of critical awareness about the possibility of rational cognition leads to various kinds of dogmatism. Adapted from the source document.

This article presents Milan Popovic's reflections on the two most recent & important books, General Theory of Modernity, written by French alter-Marxist theoretician, Jacques Bidet, & The States on Trial, written by Croatian political theoretician, Dragutin Lalovic. The two books have been published & discussed amid the most severe & multiple crisis of the so-called "neoliberal," ie., late & ultra-monopolistic capitalist economy 2008-2009, & this great social & historical fact has largely contributed to better understanding & reception of these two critical studies. Milan Popovic shares most of the main premises & findings of these two books with their authors. Some disagreements between him & them are of minor & technical importance. So, just to illustrate this kind of disagreements, while Jacques Bidet uses the term "alter-Marxism" to describe his own intellectual position, Milan Popovic prefers the term "post-Marxism" for the same purpose. Or, while Jacques Bidet uses the term "ultimate modernity" to specify our concrete historical time, Milan Popovic prefers the term "late modernity" for the same purpose. Or, finally, while Jacques Bidet uses the term "world state" to describe the emerging global polity, Milan Popovic is much more cautious, he reserves the term "state" exclusively for the modern form of polity, & leaves the final outcome & term of the emerging global polity for further development, observation, & nomination. Some disagreements between Milan Popovic & Dragutin Lalovic are of even lesser technical & conjectural importance. The three social & political theoreticians, however, strongly agree on the most important, substantive, & essential issues of our time. So, again, just to illustrate this kind of essential agreements, they strongly agree that our time desperately needs a new global polity & governance, which would deal with the rising ecological & other technological problems of late modernity. Despite some differences about the terms & emphases, they also agree that, in the meantime, at least in several coming decades, the late modern state remains one of the most important actors in the process. Especially two of three, namely Dragutin Lekovic & Milan Popovic, starting from the concrete political experience of Croatia & Montenegro during their wartime pandemonic 1990s, persistently insist on the complex, ambiguous, & contradictory process of simultaneous de-sovereignization & re-sovereignization of the state, as a part of the process in its late modern phase. Finally, the three theoreticians share a common vision on the substance & essence of the coming global polity. They agree that the polity should be a kind of "Universal Republic.". Adapted from the source document.

Due to their strategic position, the Baltic states, throughout their history, have always been a kind of buffer zone, which has to a large extent affected their development. In the new European environment, the Baltic region is today somewhat marginalized, but because of its proximity to Russia, it has an important strategic position. The Baltic states want to join NATO & the EU because they in this see a guarantee of their security & stability. This may also be an opportunity for solving the very delicate relationship with Russia, still an important actor influencing the Baltic states. 15 References. Adapted from the source document.

The European entrepreneurial undertaking, in the form of an equipped & armed merchant ship ready to circumnavigate & conquer the globe, created the modern world with one side only: the globalized West. Contemporary global liberal interventionism & governmental entrepreneurship are segmented today into a dangerously simplified multitask global pyramid of governance through unidirectional cascades. For real globalization, this process has to be bidirectional at least: from the center to the periphery, but also from the periphery to the center. Otherwise, at the beginning of a new "centennial trend" & a "great cycle," there is the risk that the collapse of the liberal civilization of the 19th century could be repeated -- once again because of the weakness of the world-system peripheries. The question of how to strengthen the "anonymous" global economic, cultural, & political processes of the bidirectional kind is becoming the central global & strategic issue for today's politics & political science. It has turned out that this kind of state & its processes in the real global environment could be successfully analyzed & effectively made use of only with the complete unreduced methodical front of all the fields of political science together -- & more. As such, they could be practically surmounted only with a very complex political & economic action through a whole set of expertly managed public policies. From the historically based Croatian point of view, a possibility of integration into the world center was always in founding a world market "niche," & never in making even a mini-empire or in controlling a globalized or a mega-national net. Without a methodically global political science approach, also leaning on Central European & Mediterranean cultural & politological traditions, such Croatian interests will not be accomplished. 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

Predmet ovoga rada je proučavanje učestalosti samoubilačkog terorizma s obzirom na politička uređenja napadnutih država. Budući da su teroristički napadi uvijek udar na društvo i društveni poredak, područje nacionalne sigurnosti predstavlja svojevrsnu poveznicu između promatranih varijabli. Od početka 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća kampanje samoubilačkih napada u stalnom su porastu, a vrhunac doživljavaju nakon 2001. godine. Napadi na Sjedinjene Američke Države 2001. označavaju i početak novog, globaliziranog načina djelovanja terorističkih organizacija. Mete samoubilačkih napada su države svih političkih sustava (autokracija, anokracija i demokracija), što znači da ne postoji obrazac djelovanja organizacija koje u svojim napadima koriste samoubilački terorizam, ali su anokratske države češća meta. Nadalje, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su mete napada najčešće sigurnosne prirode te da su najviše napada izvele vjerske terorističke organizacije. Na kraju je prikazana kratka ilustracija zaključnih razmatranja na primjeru Iraka. ; The subject of this research paper is the connection between the occurrence of suicide attacks and the political system of the countries that are attacked. Since terror attacks represent an attack on the society and social order, national security represents a kind of connection between those two variables. Suicide attack campaigns are on the rise since the 1980s and they have reached their peak in 2001. That very well-known attack on the United States marks the beginning of a new kind of globalised activity of terrorist organizations. The results show that all countries, no matter their political system, are targets of suicide attacks, which means that there is no pattern in the activity of terrorist organizations that use suicide attacks. There is also a difference in the number of suicide attacks, where anocratic countries are attacked more often. Furthermore, the results show that the targets of most attacks, in all political systems, are security targets, and most of the attacks were carried out by religious terrorist organizations. Finally, we provide a brief illustration of the concluding remarks on the example of the Republic of Iraq.