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8 p. ; Caption title. ; Signed: Edward Burrough. ; Reproduction of original in the Cambridge University Library.

Examines constitutional role, prerogatives, and conventions of the monarchy, problems these have caused, and policy options the government has pursued. In context of major constitutional amendment passed in May 1994 to further curb powers of the monarchy.

The article examines the constitutional position and role of the Malaysian King and Rulers as constitutional monarchs, the problems that have arisen from that role, and the options the government has pursued in resolving these problems. In conclusion, the article evaluates how effective these options may be. The central thesis is that whilst the Rulers have generally observed the laws of the constitution, they have in some cases failed to observe the "spirit" of the constitution within their states, as reflected in the unwritten conventions of constitutional monarchy. According to these conventions, the monarch remains above politics and does not intervene in the day to day business of government and administration - a principle which the Rulers have not always adhered to. (AJPS/DÜI)

Preliminary Material -- "Every Inch a King". Kings and Kingship in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds /Lynette Mitchell and Charles Melville -- Defining the Divine in Achaemenid Persian Kingship: The View from Bisitun /Margaret Cool Root -- Xenophon's Cyropaedia: Fictive History, Political Analysis and Thinking with Iranian Kings /Christopher Tuplin -- Alexander the Great: Divinity and the Rule of Law /Lynette Mitchell -- Seleucus I, Zeus and Alexander /Kyle Erickson -- Machiavelli and Xenophon's Cyrus: Searching for the Modern Conceptions of Monarchy /Waller R. Newell -- Ruling "Virtually"? Royal Images in Medieval English Law Books /Anthony Musson -- The Anomalous King of Conquered England /Laura Ashe -- Telling Tales of Adulterous Queens in Medieval England: From Olympias of Macedonia to Elizabeth Woodville /Joanna Laynesmith -- Royalty Reflected in the Chronicles of Froissart /Peter Ainsworth -- Breaking and Making Tradition: Æthelstan, ʿAbd-al-Rahman III and Their Panegyrists /Shane Bobrycki -- The King As Subject, Master and Model of Authority: The Case of Alfonso X of Castile /Antonella Liuzzo Scorpo -- God and Caesar: The Dynamics of Visigothic Monarchy /Andrew Fear -- "On the Road Again": Kings, Roads and Accommodation in High Medieval Germany /John W. Bernhardt -- Ruling from the Outside: A New Perspective on Early Turkish Kingship in Iran /David Durand-Guédy -- The Royal Image in Mongol Iran /Charles Melville -- Architecture and the Representations of Kingship during the Reign of the Safavid Shah ʿAbbas I /Kishwar Rizvi -- Index.

Situated on opposite flanks of Eurasia, ancient Mediterranean and Han-Chinese societies had a hazy understanding of each other's existence. But they had no grounded knowledge about one another, nor was there any form of direct interaction. In other words, their historical trajectories were independent. In recent years, however, many similarities between both cultures have been detected, which has energized the field of comparative history. The present volume adds to the debate a creative method of juxtaposing historical societies. Each contribution covers both ancient China and the Mediterranean in an accessible manner. Embarking from the observation that Greek, Roman, and Han-Chinese societies were governed by comparable features, the contributors to this volume explain the dynamic interplay between political rulers and the ruled masses in their culture specific manifestation as demos (Greece), populus (Rome) and min (China).

Contents: Preface; Part I The Study of Rulers and Ruled: Medieval symbology of the state: Percy E. Schramm's contribution; Percy Ernst Schramm (1895-1970) on P.E. Schramm; Coronation studies: past, present, and future - 30 years later; Serfs and serfdom: words and things; Probleme einer vergleichenden Betrachtung mittelalterlicher Eliten in Ostmitteleuropa. Part II Central European Rulers: Symbols and Functions: Holy lance, holy crown, holy dexter: sanctity of insignia in medieval East Central Europe; Sankt Stefans Armreliquie im Ornat KÃœnig Wenzels von Ungarn; Legitimization of rulership in 3 narratives from 12th-century Central Europe; Lists in the service of legitimation in Central European sources; Queens as scapegoats in medieval Hungary. Part III Hungary in the Late Middle Ages: A kingdom of many languages: the case of medieval Hungary;Monarchie im Wellental: Materielle Grundlagen des ungarischen KÃœnigtums im fÃơnfzehnten Jahrhundert; Sigismund and the Ottoman advance; Hungary and crusading in the 15th century; 'Good king Polish Ladislas--

The role of kings, the source of their authority and the nature of the practical restraints on their power have exercised political and religious philosophers, historians, competing candidates for rule and subject populations from the time of the earliest documented human societies. How the kingly image is created and presented and how the ruler performs his or her function as the source of justice are among the topics addressed in this volume, which also covers the role of queens in maintaining dynastic succession yet being the target of tales of adultery. This volume is of particular interest in bringing together studies of kingly power from Cyrus the Great and Alexander in the ancient world to Shah Abbas in the seventeenth century, and covering the European Middle Ages as well as Iran and the Muslim world.

00_Cover -- 00_Intro -- 00a_FM -- 00b_Analytical_TOC -- 01_Preface -- 02_Introduction -- 03_Chapter 1 -- 04_Chapter 2 -- 05_Chapter 3 -- 06_Chapter 4 -- 07_Chapter 5 -- 08_Chapter 6 -- 09_Chapter 7 -- 10_Bibliography -- 11_Backmatter -- 12_Backmatter_1 -- 13_Backcover

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCETON CLASSICS EDITION -- PREFACE (1997) -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- I. THE PROBLEM: PLOWDEN'S REPORTS -- II. THE SHAKESPEARE: KING RICHARD II -- III. CHRIST-CENTERED KINGSHIP -- 1. The Norman Anonymous -- 2. The Frontispiece of the Aachen Gospels -- 3. The Halo of Perpetuity -- IV. LAW-CENTERED KINGSHIP -- 1. From Liturgy to Legal Science -- 2. Frederick the Second -- Pater et Filius Iustitiae -- Iustitia Mediatrix -- 3. Bracton -- Rex infra et supra Legem -- Christus-Fiscus -- V. POLITY-CENTERED KINGSHIP: CORPUS MYSTICUM -- 1. Corpus Ecclesiae mysticum -- 2. Corpus Reipublicae mysticum -- 3. Pro patria mori -- Patria religious and legal -- Patriotic Propaganda -- Rex et Patria -- VI. ON CONTINUITY AND CORPORATIONS -- 1. Continuity -- Aevum -- Perpetua Necessitas -- 2. Fictio Figura Veritatis -- Imperium semper est -- Universitas non moritur -- VII. THE KING NEVER DIES -- 1. Dynastic Continuity -- 2. The Crown as Fiction -- Corona visibilis et invisibilis -- The Fiscal Crown -- Inalienability -- Crown and Universitas -- The King and the Crown -- The Crown a Minor -- 3. Dignitas non moritur -- Phoenix -- Corporational Symptoms in England -- Le Roy est mort... -- Effigies -- Rex Instrumentum Dignitatis -- VIII. MAN-CENTERED KINGSHIP: DANTE -- IX. EPILOGUE -- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY and INDEX -- ADDENDA.