Suchergebnisse

Verl.Beschr.: Schneidende und stechende Werkzeuge, vom Messer bis zur Schere, Beil und Axt, und Hieb- und Stichwaffen wie Schwert, Säbel und Dolch sind in populären Volkserzählungen, insbesondere in Sage, Märchen und Schwank, unentbehrlich und als Reflex der in ihnen gespiegelten Lebenswirklichkeit fast allgegenwärtig. Die Texte und die ihnen gewidmete Forschung behandeln sie auffällig beiläufig, fast geringschätzig. Die zutreffende Bewertung ihrer Rolle setzt eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme und den Vergleich ihrer Erscheinungsformen voraus. Die hiermit vorgelegte Bestandsaufnahme berücksichtigt ausgehend von den Märchen und Sagen des Altertums, des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit auch das europäische und das deutsche Kunstmärchen. Über 140 ausgewertete Sammelwerke dürften einen repräsentativen Überblick ermöglicht haben. Populäre Erzählungen fast aller Zeiten und Völker, insbesondere aber Märchen, schildern Zerstückelungen von Menschen und Tieren, vor allem Enthauptungen, was zu intensiven Diskussionen über die Zuträglichkeit solcher Themen nicht nur für Kinder führt. Die bisherigen Deutungen des Phänomens werden gesichtet, ergänzt und erweitert. Als wesentliche Funktionen schneidender und stechender Geräte kommen die des schlichten Werkzeuges in Betracht, die des Verbrechenswerkzeuges, aber auch - nicht selten als Teil einer magischen Dreiheit - die als Träger dieser Magie, als Brücke in das Reich des Jenseitigen und nicht zuletzt als Manifestation des Unbewussten. Linien in die Gegenwart volkstümlicher Literatur schliessen die Gesamtschau ab

Intro -- Meinolf Arens und Martina Bitunjac: Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Der südliche Balkanraum zwischen Gewalt, Räuberwirtschaft und Terror -- Ioannis Zelepos: Massengewalt in Griechenland im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert - ein historisches Kontinuum? -- Heiko Brendel: Räuberwirtschaft und Gewaltkultur in den südlichen Dinariden -- Das Haidukentum -- Die Entstehung der Stämme und der "Dinarischen Kultur" -- Territorialisierung und Krieg -- Nationalisierung, Modernisierung und Gewalt -- Balkankriege und Erster Weltkrieg -- Schlussbemerkung -- Stefan Troebst: Die Innere Makedonische Revolutionäre Organisation als Gewaltakteur 1893-1951 -- Massengewalt, ihre Folgen und Interpretationen auf dem Territorium des ehemaligen Jugoslawien und in der Adriaregion -- Björn Opfer-Klinger: Ethnopolitische Gewalt in Vardar-Mazedonien unter bulgarischer Verwaltung 1941-1944 -- Zoran Janjetović: Massengewalt in Serbien und in der Vojvodina 1941-1948 -- Sabine Rutar: Massengewalt östlich von Triest -- (Phantom-)‌Grenzen -- Grenzlandfaschismus -- Der Zweite Weltkrieg -- Der Beginn des Kalten Krieges an der nordöstlichen Adria -- Martina Bitunjac: Das Märchen vom guten Faschismus -- Erinnerungspolitische Herausforderungen: Jasenovac versus Bleiburg -- Jasenovac im Dokumentarfilm und in der Publizistik. Revisionistische Argumente und Vorgehensweisen -- Paketlieferungen der Jüdischen Gemeinde von Zagreb in das KZ Jasenovac und ihre "Existenz" als Beispiel von Holocaustrelativierung und -leugnung -- Bericht des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes als "Beweis" über zufriedenstellende Verhältnisse im KZ Jasenovac -- Schlussbetrachtungen -- Dimensionen ethnopolitischer Gewalt und des Holocausts im Donau-Karpatenraum -- Ottmar Traşcă: Rumänisierung - Vernichtung - Rettung.

Danksagung -- Inhalt -- Tabellenverzeichnis -- Abbildungsverzeichnis -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Mobilitätsbiographien, Mobilitätskulturen und Wohnmobilität - theoretische und konzeptionelle Zugänge -- 2.1 Mobilitätsverhalten im Längsschnitt - Das Konzept der Mobilitätsbiographien -- 2.1.1 Mobilitätsbezogene Routinen und Einstellungen -- 2.1.2 Sozialisation: Phasen und Einflussfaktoren -- 2.1.4 Das Konzept der Mobilitätsbiographien -- 2.2 Mobilitätskulturen -- 2.2.1 Raumstruktur, Sozioökonomie und Mobilitätsstile - zwischen objektiver und subjektiver Dimension städtischer Mobilität -- 2.2.2 Kulturbezogene Sozial- und Mobilitätsforschung -- 2.2.3 Das Konzept städtischer Mobilitätskulturen -- 2.2.4 Exkurs: Kritik an kulturbezogenen Erklärungsansätzen städtischer Mobilität -- 2.3 Mobilitätsverhalten und Wohnstandortentscheidungen -- 2.3.1 Wohnumzüge als Prozess - Motive und Phasen -- 2.3.2 Wohnumzüge als Kontextwechsel - Auswirkungen auf das Mobilitätsver-halten -- 2.3.3 Wechselwirkungen von Wohn- und Alltagsmobilität zwischen Raumstruk-tureffekten und residential self-selection -- 3 Erfassung städtischer Mobilitätskulturen inDeutschland -- 3.1 Indikatoren städtischer Mobilitätskulturen -- 3.2 Städtische Mobilitätskulturen in deutschen Großstädten - Methode und Ergebnisse -- 3.3 Diskussion der Ergebnisse - etablierte und gestaltbare Mobilitätskulturen -- 4 Wohnumzüge, Verkehrsmittelnutzung und kontrastierende Mobilitätskulturen - Untersuchungsdesign -- 4.1 Auswahl der Untersuchungsstädte -- 4.2 Stichprobenziehung und Befragungsform -- 4.3 Pretest -- 4.4 Aufbau und Bestandteile der Befragung -- 4.5 Rücklauf: Maßnahmen und Ergebnis -- 5 Mobilitätsverhalten - Mobilitätskulturen - Wohnumzüge: Empirische Ergebnisse -- 5.1 Wohnumzüge als Schlüsselereignis in der Mobilitätsbiographie -- 5.1.1 Mobilitätsverhalten vor und nach dem Umzug

Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Alcohol Use and Abuse in Everyday Life: The Centrality of Motivation -- What Is Alcohol? -- Why People Say They Drink -- Motives for Drinking -- What Science Reveals -- Some People Drink Too Much -- How Much Is Too Much? -- Governmental Guidelines -- Legal Drinking Age -- Evaluating One's Own Drinking -- Formal Diagnoses: Alcohol Use Disorder, Alcohol Dependence, and Harmful Alcohol Use -- Theories of Alcohol Addiction -- References -- Chapter 2: How People Decide What They Want, Including Having a Drink of Alcohol -- How Brains Evolved to Pursue Goals -- The Nature of Goals -- The Wide-Ranging Effects of Goals -- Drinking Alcohol as a Goal -- Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Merely a Choice or a Disease? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Alcohol and Its Effects on the Body -- Absorption -- Distribution -- Alcohol in the Brain -- Neurotransmitters -- Alcohol-Induced Blackout -- Hangover -- Alcohol Withdrawal -- Chronic Effects of Excessive Drinking -- Liver Disease -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Brain Damage -- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome -- The Burden of Disease Attributable to Alcohol -- How the Brain Supports People's Motivation to Drink -- References -- Chapter 4: Genetics of Alcoholism -- Family Studies -- Adoption Studies -- Twin Studies -- What Is Inherited? -- Stress-Response Dampening -- Aversive Reactions to Alcohol -- Low Sensitivity to Alcohol -- Differentiator Model -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Personality and Alcohol Use -- Important Constituents of Personality: Goals, Values, and Emotions -- Alcohol and Emotions -- Addiction: Permanent Disease or Manageable Condition? -- Personality Differences and Consuming Alcohol Excessively -- Depression, Rumination, and Alcohol Use -- Depression, Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Alcohol Use.

Jenseits vom Rhein und den Provinzgrenzen der Germania inferior (Niedergermanien) und Germania superior (Obergermanien) lag der von den Römern als Germania magna oder Barbaricum bezeichnete Raum, dessen Funde im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen. Römische Waren machten an den Grenzen des Imperiums nicht Halt. Denkbare Transferwege zu den germanischen Kulturgruppen sind Handel, Beutegut, Auszeichnung für militärische Dienste oder diplomatische Geschenke. Ein großer Teil von römischen Objekten aus der archäologischen Sachkultur, welche im germanischen Barbaricum gefunden wurden, tragen Darstellungen von Szenen, die eindeutig der römisch-griechischen Mythologie entstammen oder religiöse Szenen aus dem römischen Kult veranschaulichen. Es handelt sich u.a. um Objekte, die zum Ess- und Trinkservice gehörten, um verzierte Terra Sigillata, um Götterstatuetten oder um verzierte Bestandteile militärischer Ausrüstung wie Schwertscheiden oder-klingen und Gürtelbeschläge. Der Gedanke ist nicht abwegig, dass der "barbarische" Besitzer oder Betrachter dieser römischen Waren von den religiösen Darstellungen in irgendeiner Form kognitiv beeinflusst wurde. Die vorliegende Dissertation spürt dieser Frage im Spiegel der archäologischen Funde nach. Teil I beschreibt sowohl die archäologisch- als auch die schriftlich überlieferte Ausgangssituation. Teil II legt das bis dato bekannte bzw. von der Autorin recherchierbare römische Fundmaterial im germanischen Barbaricum mit der Darstellung von religiösen oder kultischen Motiven in Katalogform vor, Teil III analog dazu das einheimische, germanische Fundmaterial, welches römische religiöse oder kultische Motive imitiert bzw. rezipiert. In Teil IV wird anhand ausgewählter Beispiele ein direkter Vergleich zwischen dem Bildschatz auf dem Fundmaterial aus dem Barbaricum mit den römischen Motiven gezogen. Teil V enthält die Zusammenfassung aller vorigen Teile und eine Einschätzung der Frage nach der Beeinflussung der germanischen Glaubensvorstellungen durch die Rezeption der römischen Götterwelt. ; Mercury, Mars, Minerva & Co - On the question of the influence of Roman religion in Germanic Barbaricum Beyond the Rhine and the provincial borders of Germania inferior (Lower Germania) and Germania superior (Upper Germania) was the area known by the Romans as Germania magna or Barbaricum whose findings are focused in this work. Roman goods did not stop at the borders of the Empire. Conceivable routes of transfer to the Germanic cultural groups are trade, booty, awards for military services or diplomatic gifts. A large part of Roman objects from the archeological material culture, which were found in Germanic Barbaricum, bear representations of scenes that clearly come from Roman-Greek mythology or illustrate religious scenes from the Roman cult. It concerns objects that belonged to the dining and drinking service, ornate terra sigillata, statuettes of gods or ornate components of military equipment such as sword scabbards or blades and belt fittings. It is not unreasonable to think that the "barbaric" owner or observer of these Roman goods was cognitively influenced in some way by the religious representations. This dissertation traces that question in the mirror of the archaeological finds. Part I describes the archaeological as well as the historical written sources. Part II presents the Roman found material known to date or researchable by the author in Germanic Barbaricum with the representation of religious or cult motifs in catalogue style, Part III analogously presents the indigenous, Germanic findings that imitate or adopt Roman religious or cult motifs. In Part IV, using selected examples, a direct comparison is made between the motifs on the found objects from Barbaricum and the Roman motifs. Part V contains the summary of all previous parts and an assessment of the question of how the Germanic beliefs were influenced by the reception of the Roman world of gods.

Nach jahrelanger gründlicher Recherche ist es der Tanzkritikerin und Tanzhistorikerin Andrea Amort Ende 2010 gelungen, ihr Buch über die Tänzerin, Choreographin, Regisseurin und Pädagogin Hanna Berger fertig zu stellen. Es handelt sich bei dieser Publikation nicht um eine Biographie im klassischen Sinne, sondern vielmehr um ein facettenreiches Portrait dieser außergewöhnlichen Frau und Künstlerin, die mit ihren Ideen und Visionen ihrer Zeit weit voraus war. Hanna Berger wurde 1910 in Wien geboren. Bereits in den 1930er Jahren machte sie sich einen Namen als Ausdruckstänzerin. Sie ging auf Tournee mit dem Ensemble von Mary Wigman und tanzte bei Trudi Schoop. In der NS-Zeit blieb sie zwar in Deutschland, lehnte jedoch zahlreiche Angebote ab, da sie überzeugte Kommunistin war. Mit ihrem damaligen Lebensgefährten, dem bildenden Künstler Fritz Cremer, engagierte sie sich für den Widerstand gegen das NS-Regime. 1937 brachte sie eines ihrer bekanntesten Stücke, das Solo Krieger zur Uraufführung, in dem sie den Krieg nicht glorifizierte, sondern kritisierte. So beschreibt der Kritiker Dietrich Dibelius seine Eindrücke in der Frankfurter Zeitung am 18.10.1937 (Nr. 531) unter dem Titel Kritik zum Debüt-Abend von Hanna Berger anlässlich einer Aufführung des Tanzsolos Krieger op. 13 wie folgt: Die Tänzerin trug einen feldgrauen Mantel, Soldatenmütze und Stiefel. Die Geräuschmusik, die ihr Begleiter Ulrich Keßler zu diesem Tanz geschrieben hatte, bestand aus einem marschmäßig paukenden Motiv, dem der Soldat mit stampfenden Schritten gehorchte, und ab und zu einem hell-nachklingenden metallischen Klingen, das ihn veranlaßte, den Kopf einen Augenblick zu ducken, das Kinn in den Uniformkragen zu pressen, wie um der Bedrohung durch ein in der Nähe einschlagendes Geschoß zu begegnen; gleich darauf wieder der alte trotzige Rhythmus. Schließlich wird der Soldat getroffen – ein jähes Innehalten – aber er fällt erst, als er, immer im Banne des Marschrhythmus, im weiten Schwung dem Gegner geantwortet hat. Der Krieg wird hier im Bilde eines ausharrenden, schweigenden Heroismus dargestellt. (zit. n. S. 35) 1942 wurde Berger in ihrer Berliner Wohnung von der Gestapo verhaftet. Nach acht Monaten Haft konnte jedoch durch eine äußerst geschickte Verteidigung und Fürsprache zahlreicher prominenter Freunde ein Freispruch erwirkt werden. Nach dem Krieg gründete Hanna Berger 1945 das Wiener Kindertheater in dem sie auch als Pädagogin Regie führte. Sie holte so die Kinder von den Trümmern auf der Straße weg, wie sich noch einige ZeitzeugInnen in Amorts Buch erinnern. Ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der Akademie für Musik und Darstellende Kunst dauerte trotz großer Beliebtheit bei den Studierenden nur von 1945 bis 1952. Auch hier stieß die Kommunistin Berger auf Grund ihrer politischen Einstellung immer wieder auf Schwierigkeiten. Hanna Berger starb 1962 in Ost-Berlin im Alter von 52 Jahren fast mittellos an den Folgen einer Gehirntumor-Operation. Wie es so oft bei österreichischen KünstlerInnen der Fall ist, werden sie zwar zu Lebzeiten nicht oder nur kaum finanziell gefördert, dafür erhalten sie aber danach ein Ehrengrab der Stadt Wien. So auch Hanna Berger. Sie liegt an einem derartig ruhmvollen Ort am Meidlinger Friedhof begraben. Bereits 2006 kuratierte Andrea Amort das Festival Hanna Berger: Retouchings, für das sie zahlreiche in Österreich tätige ChoreographInnen wie Nikolaus Adler, Manfred Aichinger, Bernd R. Bienert, Rose Breuss und Willi Dorner gewinnen konnte. Zu sehen war ebenso die ehemalige Tänzerin Otthilie Mitterhuber, die über ihre Arbeit mit Hanna Berger sprach. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnte auch eines der bekanntesten Soli von Hanna Berger, Die Unbekannte aus der Seine, rekonstruiert werden. Andrea Amort ist es gelungen, viel verloren geglaubtes Material und zahlreiche Dokumente wiederzufinden und literarisch spannend aufzubereiten. Besonderes Augenmerk sollte man auch auf das umfassende Bildmaterial legen, das einerseits einen guten Einblick in das Schaffen der Künstlerin Hanna Berger gibt, andererseits aber auf Grund seines hohen ästhetischen Anspruchs – viele der Aufnahmen stammen von bekannten PhotographInnen – wichtige Zeitdokumente für den freien Tanz bietet. Hanna Berger gehört zweifellos in den Kanon der wichtigen Wiener Tänzerinnen wie Grete Wiesenthal oder Rosalia Chladek. In ihrem Buch ist es Andrea Amort gelungen, dies deutlich zu machen und eine herausragende Vertreterin des modernen freien Tanzes der Vergessenheit zu entreißen.

Aus der Einleitung: "Es mag chauvinistisch klingen - Deutschland den Deutschen -. Aber es soll nicht chauvinistisch sein, und es steckt in diesen Worten eine Wahrheit, deren Verkennung sich bitter rächen wird, falls die Zuwanderung im gleichen Tempo weitergeht. Lassen wir ausländische Arbeiter in demselben Maße nach dem Belieben der Unternehmer zu, so gehen wir ernster Gefahr entgegen. Denn die Vermischung mit all diesen fremden Elementen kann für die Reinheit der germanischen Stämme nur verhängnisvoll sein. Möge die Vorsehung Deutschland davor bewahren, seine eigenen Landeskinder zugunsten fremder Staatsangehöriger verkümmern zu sehen". Dieses Zitat stammt aus dem Jahre 1919 von dem Leipziger Professor Stieda, welches bereits die Wichtigkeit der Ausländerpolitik zu dieser Zeit verdeutlicht. Ausländerpolitik und Migration sind keine neuzeitigen Erscheinungen, sondern behandeln eine Thematik, mit der sich die Menschen seit weit über 100 Jahren beschäftigen. Besonders aktuell wurde dieses Thema Mitte der 50er Jahre zu Zeiten des Wirtschaftswunders, als Deutschland dringend Arbeitskräfte zum Wiederaufbau des Landes benötigte. Das erste Anwerbeabkommen wurde zwischen Italien und Deutschland geschlossen. Die italienischen Arbeitskräfte dienten Unternehmern als mobile Reserve. Neben einigen anderen Ländern wurde im Zuge der Gastarbeiterperiode 1963 ein Anwerbeabkommen mit Marokko geschlossen. "Was als "mobile Reservearmee" (Historiker Ulrich Herbert) angelegt war, die Engpässe stopfen sollte, ohne das deutsche Sozialsystem dauerhaft zu belasten, wandelte sich bald in eine Schar von Dauergästen. 1960 lag der Ausländeranteil an der Bevölkerung noch bei 1,2 Prozent. Bis 1970 stieg er auf 4,9 Prozent an". Im November 1973 folgte der Anwerbestopp, begründet durch die Wirtschafts- und Energiekrise. Dies war für die Regierung ein willkommener Anlass, da ihr Interesse in der Zurückführung der Gastarbeiter in ihr Heimatland lag. Wie erwartet sank die Zahl der erwerbsfähigen Ausländer von 1973 bis 1979 auf insgesamt 1,8 Millionen, allerdings hielt sich die Zahl der ausländischen Wohnbevölkerung konstant, bzw. schnellte in den kommenden Jahren sogar rapide in die Höhe. Max Frisch beschrieb dieses Phänomen sehr treffend: "Man hat Arbeitskräfte gerufen, und es kommen Menschen". Die marokkanische Bevölkerung in Deutschland wuchs hauptsächlich durch diese Familienzusammenführung, denn im Vergleich zu anderen Zuwanderergruppen liegt die Rückwanderungsquote bei marokkanischen Gastarbeitern eher niedrig. Die Familienzusammenführung marokkanischer Migranten, als Grund der wachsenden marokkanischen Bevölkerung in Deutschland, war bis Ende der 1980er Jahre weitgehend abgeschlossen und die Familiengründung rückte in den 1990er Jahren in den Fokus. Nach diesem kurzen geschichtlichen Rückblick werden im folgenden Kapitel die sozialdemografischen Daten von marokkanischen Migranten in Deutschland vertiefend behandelt. Weitere theoretische Inhalte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit beziehen sich auf die einzelnen Aspekte der Migration, Integration und Kultur. Dem folgen ein Kapitel hinsichtlich marokkanischer Traditionen und die Erläuterung einiger, in der Aufnahmegesellschaft vorherrschender, traditioneller Mythen. Da in der Theorie die marokkanische Diaspora in Deutschland nur wenig behandelt wurde, enthält der Hauptteil dieser Arbeit eine empirische Erhebung, die mithilfe eines Fragebogens durchgeführt wurde. Geprüft werden sollen hier die eher allgemein gehaltenen theoretischen Vorüberlegungen hinsichtlich ihrer Übertragbarkeit auf die marokkanische Diaspora. Neben der Grundauswertung liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf dem Vergleich zwischen den Ergebnissen der Untersuchung und den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen sowie der Gegenüberstellung der Migrantengenerationen. Abschließend soll in einem Resümee das Erarbeitete zusammengefasst werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es im Rahmen der empirischen Erhebung, unter Bezugnahme der theoretischen Überlegungen zu prüfen, ob ein Spannungsfeld von Integration und Tradition der marokkanischen Diaspora in Deutschland besteht und wenn ja, welche Bereiche dieses betrifft. Als Methode der empirischen Erhebung soll ein Fragebogen anhand der theoretischen Vorüberlegungen entwickelt und ausgewertet werden.Inhaltsverzeichnis:Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1.Einleitung3 2.Sozialdemografische Daten5 3.Migration8 3.1Phasen der Migration9 3.2Formen der Migration11 3.2.1Fluchtmigration11 3.2.2Arbeitsmigration12 3.2.3Heiratsmigration13 3.2.4Bildungsmigration13 3.2.5Familiennachzug15 4.Integration16 4.1Die vier Hauptdimensionen von Integration17 4.2Das deutsche Zuwanderungsgesetz (2005)18 4.3Das Modell der intergenerationalen Integration nach Esser20 4.4Islam und Moderne – ein Antagonismus?24 5.Kultur26 5.1Eine Definition26 5.2Das Eisbergmodell von Kultur27 5.3Der Kulturschock28 5.4Die drei Dimensionen der Kultur30 5.5Religion als kulturelles System32 6.Tradition in Marokko34 6.1Eine allgemeine Definition von Tradition34 6.2Marokko – eine Vorstellung von Land und Leuten35 6.3Traditionelle Mythen in der Aufnahmegesellschaft40 6.3.1Marokkanische Muslime trinken keinen Alkohol40 6.3.2Ehrenmorde sind islamische Tradition41 6.3.3Das Tragen des Kopftuchs ist ein Zeichen der religiösen Unterdrückung muslimischer Frauen43 6.3.4Alle marokkanischen Muslime halten Ramadan44 6.3.5Marokkanische Muslime essen kein Schweinefleisch46 7.Die empirische Untersuchung47 7.1Der Fragebogen als empirisches Erhebungsinstrument48 7.2Durchführung der Untersuchung50 7.3Grundauswertung der Befragungsergebnisse53 7.4Vergleich der Untersuchungsergebnisse mit den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen65 7.5Vergleich der ersten, mit der zweiten und dritten Migrantengeneration77 8.Fazit84 ILiteraturverzeichnis88 IIAbbildungsverzeichnis93 IIIAnhang94 1.Das Anschreiben94 2.Der Fragebogen94 3.Die Grundauswertung103Textprobe:Textprobe: Kapitel 6.3, Traditionelle Mythen in der Aufnahmegesellschaft: Durch die vorigen Aufzeichnungen wurde dargelegt, dass immer mehr Muslime, vor allem marokkanische Muslime, nach Deutschland immigrieren. Die deutsche Bevölkerung, welche mit 63,4% mehrheitlich dem Christentum angehört, sieht sich spätestens seit Ende der 90er Jahre, als Deutschland sich offiziell zum Einwanderungsland bekannt hat, mit einer Fülle neuer Kulturen, Traditionen und Religionen konfrontiert. Daher sollen im Folgenden, weit in der deutschen Gesellschaft verbreitete traditionelle Mythen gegenüber dem Islam aufgegriffen und näher beleuchtet werden. Marokkanische Muslime trinken keinen Alkohol: "In Marokko fragte mich der Mechaniker, der mein Auto abschleppte, 20 Minuten lang aus, welches Bier ich trinke und mit welchem Schnaps man es kombinieren sollte, um die beste Wirkung zu erzielen – ein Gespräch unter Fachleuten […]. Dass mein Auto hinten auf der Ladefläche besorgniserregend hin und her wackelte, kümmerte den jungen Mechaniker wenig". Ein weitverbreitetes Vorurteil unter den Deutschen ist, dass Muslime keinen Alkohol trinken. Generell findet man im Koran keinen Vers, der den Muslimen den Genuss von Alkohol ausdrücklich verbietet. Eher das Gegenteil ist der Fall, wie folgende Zitate belegen. "Das Bild des Paradieses, das den Gottesfürchtigen verheißen ist, (ist so): In ihm fließen Ströme von Wasser, das nicht verdirbt, und Ströme von Milch, deren Geschmack sich nicht ändert, und Ströme von Wein, köstlich für die Trinkenden, und Ströme von geklärten Honig […].". In Sure 16, 67 heißt es sogar: "Und an den Früchten der Palmen und Rebstöcke, von denen ihr berauschende Getränke und gesunde Speisen bekommt. Seht, darin ist wahrlich ein Zeichen für einsichtige Leute". Zurückzuführen ist dieses Verbot auf die islamischen Rechtsgelehrten, von denen sich im Laufe der Zeit immer mehr für ein Verbot des Alkoholgenusses ausgesprochen haben. Die Gründe hierfür liegen einerseits in der Auslegung der Hadithen, in denen negativ über den Alkoholkonsum berichtet wird, andererseits in der Abgrenzung anderen Religionen gegenüber, die den Alkoholkonsum billigen. In Marokko, wo der Genuss von Alkohol nicht per Gesetz verboten ist, wird besonders vor hohen religiösen Feiertagen, also Tagen der Abstinenz und an denen der Konsum besonders sündhaft ist, Alkohol konsumiert. Laut der Weltgesundheitsorganisation liegt der Konsum reinen Alkohols pro Kopf und Jahr in Marokko bei einem Liter. Zum Vergleich wurden in Deutschland 2003 10,2 Liter reiner Alkohol pro Kopf getrunken. Letztlich stellt sich die Frage nach der Dunkelziffer des Konsums in Marokko, die wohl weitaus höher liegen dürfte, als die Schätzung der WHO. Im Rahmend der empirischen Erhebung soll das Konsumverhalten in Deutschland lebender Marokkaner näher beleuchtet werden. Nähere Ausführungen hierzu können Kapitel Sieben entnommen werden. Ehrenmorde sind islamische Tradition: Laut der Internetseite http://www.ehrenmord.de (Stand: 16.05.2010) wurden bisher im Jahr 2010 bereits sechs Ehrenmorde in Deutschland begangen. Vor 30 bis 40 Jahren kannte man noch nicht die Kategorie "Muslim", wie sie heutzutage gebraucht wird. Türken waren Türken und Marokkaner waren Marokkaner. Zusammen nannte man diese Gruppe von Menschen "Gastarbeiter". "Statt Religionszugehörigkeit als Unterscheidungskriterium gab es kulinarische Kategorien. Die Italiener aßen Spaghetti, die Spanier Paella und Lammkoteletts, beide tranken Rotwein dazu. Die Türken oder Marokkaner machte man daran fest, was sie nicht aßen und tranken, nämlich Schweinefleisch und Alkohol". Diese Neugruppierung vom Marokkaner oder Türken zu der einheitlichen Bezeichnung Muslim findet ihren traurigen Höhepunkt bei den sogenannten Ehrenmorden. Ein weitverbreiteter Irrglaube in der deutschen Aufnahmegesellschaft, muslimische Männer töten ihre Frauen im Namen Allahs, da sie so die Ehre der Familie wieder herstellen, hält sich hartnäckig in den Köpfen der Menschen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Unterscheidung des Wortes "Ehre" wichtig. "Das leicht altertümlich klingende deutsche Wort drückt ein besonders positives, vornehmes, erhebendes Gefühl aus." In der Regel verdient man sich die Ehre durch positive Taten. Hier liegt der Unterschied zur islamischen Kultur. In dieser wird die Ehre (namus) nicht verdient, sondern verteidigt. Seyran Ates, eine türkischstämmige Frauenrechtlerin, weist auf die völlig unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen hin: in islamischen Kulturkreisen assoziiert der überwiegende Teil mit dem Wort Ehre eine "[…] Last, etwas, was es zu behüten gilt und wofür man bereit ist, sein Leben zu geben, etwas, was man ganz schnell verlieren kann und damit dann auch seine Existenzberechtigung." Denn wer seine Ehre nicht verteidigt, wird zum "namussuz adam, zum ehrlosen Mann." Als Symbol für die Ehre des Mannes beziehungsweise der Familie gilt die Frau. Die Ehre besteht in ihrer sexuellen Enthaltsamkeit – sprich sie muss als Jungfrau in die Ehe gehen und in der Ehe treu sein. Der Begriff "Treue" liefert ein weites Auslegungsspektrum, angefangen bei einem harmlosen Blick, der einem anderen Mann galt, bis zum tatsächlichen Akt des Beischlafs mit einem anderen Mann. Die Frau wird nicht als eigenständiges Wesen betrachtet, denn ihre alleinige Aufgabe ist die Ehre der gesamten Familie zu tragen. Daher nehmen sich Familienangehörige das Recht, sich im Namen der Ehrverteidigung in das Leben der Frau einzumischen. "So wird die Ehre zu einem Instrument der totalen Kontrolle. Sie fördert Überwachung und Denunziation". Das Bundeskriminalamt definiert einen Mord im Namen der Ehre folgendermaßen: "Bei Ehrenmorden handelt es sich um Tötungsdelikte, die aus vermeintlich kultureller Verpflichtung heraus innerhalb des eigenen Familienverbandes verübt werden, um der Familienehre gerecht zu werden". Auch wenn sich in der deutschen Gesellschaft, teilweise durch die Medien geschürt, hartnäckig der Irrglaube hält, die Gründe für Morde im Namen der Ehre seien islamischen Ursprungs, verweist das Bundeskriminalamt auf ein anderes Motiv: "Der Focus der Diskussion über die Motive und kulturelle Hintergründe richtete sich teilweise sehr vordergründig auf den Islam […].Bei genauerer Analyse der gesicherten polizeilichen Daten ist allerdings erkennbar, dass wohl eher die auch nach der Migration andauernde starre Verwurzelung in vormodernen agrarischen Wirtschafts- und Sozialstrukturen und damit verbunden ein extrem patriarchalisches Familienverständnis die durchgängige Ursache für das Phänomen der sog. Ehrenmorde darstellen". Zudem findet sich weder im Koran noch in den Hadithen eine Textstelle, die Ehrenmorde rechtfertigt. Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, ein shiitischer Geistlicher libanesischen Ursprungs, nahm Stellung zu den vermehrten Morden im Namen der Ehre: "Ehrenmorde sind Verbrechen wie alle anderen Morde und verdienen keine mildernden Umstände." 2007 veröffentliche er aufgrund der zunehmenden Fälle eine Fatwa gegen Ehrenmorde. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse bezüglich in Deutschland lebender marokkanischer Muslime und dem Thema Ehrenmord können der Auswertung der empirischen Erhebung im Hauptteil dieser Arbeit entnommen werden.

Welcher religiöse Orden des 12. Jahrhunderts hat 150 Priorate in Frankreich gegründet? Der Orden von Grandmont. Die Grammontenser blieben in der deutschen Kunstgeschichtsforschung weitgehend unbekannt. Trotz französischer Studien blieb ein Vergleich mit den anderen Reformorden des 12. Jahrhunderts aus. Dabei zeigt gerade eine Gegenüberstellung die seltene Armut, Strenge und Regelbefolgung, die in allen Bereichen des monastischen Lebens, sogar in der Architektur durchgesetzt wurden. Der Orden von Grandmont wurde 1074 von Stephan von Muret bei Limoges gegründet. Nachdem Stephan seine Jugend in Italien verbracht hatte, ließ er sich im Limousin als Eremit nieder. Zahlreiche Schüler sammelten sich um ihn und bei seinem Tod 1125, hatte die kleine Gemeinschaft schon mehrere Priorate. Die Mönche waren wegen ihres strengen Lebens beliebt und sie erhielten bald den Beinamen «Bones homines». So erfolgte bis zu Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts die Gründung von annähernd 150 Prioraten. In den 1170er-1180er Jahren erreichte der Orden eine Blüte und fand in der Heiligsprechung Stephans von Murets 1189 seinen Höhepunkt. Aber bald machten Konversenrevolten und verschiedene Krisen, Reformen notwendig. Nach der Reform von 1317 die Grandmont stark veränderte, indem es nun jedem anderen Orden glich, schwächten der Hundertjährige Krieg und die Religionskriege den Orden. Grandmont wurde schließlich durch die Regularkommission unter Ludwig XVI. aufgehoben. Es sind heute noch ca. 50 Zellen erhalten. Sie zeigen, daß die Grammontenser bei der Errichtung ihrer Klöster exakte Vorgaben befolgt haben müssen. Sie führten dazu, daß alle Klosteranlagen nach einem Plantyp entstanden. Wesentlich konsequenter als die Zisterzienser blieb der Orden über ein Jahrhundert bei einem Klostertyp. Dieser wurde bis ins kleinste Detail umgesetzt. Existierte jedoch der Typplan auf dem Papier oder wurde er mündlich weitergegeben? Die Ansiedlung der Gebäude eines Grammontenserklosters ist sehr regelmäßig: Die Saalkirche im Norden, ein Kreuzgang im Zentrum, der Kapitelsaal im Osten und im Obergeschoß darüber das Dormitorium, sowie das Refektorium im Süden. Handelt es sich um einen klassischen Plan eines Benediktinerklosters, nach dem Vorbild des St. Galler Klosterplans? Oder ist dieser Klostertyp eine Erfindung der Grammontenser? Es gab geringe Unterschiede von einer Zelle zur anderen. Wodurch waren diese Varianten bedingt? Durch regionale Eigenheiten oder durch die Eigeninitative von Bauarbeitertrupps? Gibt es auch überregionale Einflüsse? Ein Vergleich der architektonischen Motive der französischen Reformorden zeigt eine erstaunliche Verwandtschaft und ein ähnliches Bemühen um eine Reduzierung des Formenguts wie bei Grandmont. Kein anderer Orden des späten 11., 12. und frühen 13. Jahrhunderts vermochte jedoch so konsequent einen Plantyp durchzusetzen wie die Grammontenser. Vallombrosa in Italien, sowie Artige und Chalais in Frankreich sind am besten in ihrem Wunsch nach Vereinfachung der Formen mit Grandmont vergleichbar. Die Orden von Fontevraud und Tiron hingegen waren stärker als die anderen Reformorden von ihrer Kunstlandschaft beeinflußt und erneuerten oftmals ihre Klöster als monumentale Anlagen. Die Kamaldulenser in Italien und die Kartäuser entwickelten einen eigenen Bautyp, welcher den ursprünglichen Wunsch ihrer Gründer nach einem Eremitenleben am besten zum Ausdruck bringt. Trotz möglicher Varianten im Grundriß bleibt der Typ erkennbar, was durch die Regelmäßigkeit der Formen begünstigt wird. Handelte es sich um eine parallele Entwicklung des Formenguts? Oder um direkte Beeinflussungen von Grandmont? Welche Orden dienten den anderen als Vorbild? Während die Kamaldulenser und die Kartäuser Eremiten blieben, klingen bei den anderen Reformorden nur vereinzelt Reminiszenzen an das Eremitenleben an. Dazu gehören hauptsächlich die Saalkirche und die geringen Maße vieler Klöster. Alle religiösen Orden legten schriftlich, oft nur in einem kurzen Abschnitt, das Aussehen ihrer Klöster fest. Die meisten hielten sich streng an diese Angaben. Die Zisterzienser entfernten sich am stärksten von ihrem Ideal, obwohl sie die meisten Vorschriften hatten. Ist dies ein Hinweis mehr dafür, daß die zisterziensischen Consuetudines und Generalkapitelstatuten keine Baugesetze, sondern konkrete Kritiken an bestimmten Gebäuden enthalten? Die Untersuchung der grammontensischen Architektur wirft nicht nur neues Licht auf Grandmont selber, sondern auch auf die anderen Reformorden des Mittelalters. Die Zisterzienser gelten als Orden, der einen strengen und einheitlichen Architekturstil in Europa verbreitete. Dies erscheint jedoch hinsichtlich der architektonischen Regelmäßigkeit übertrieben. Das monastische Ideal architektonischer Gleichheit und Armut wurde insbesondere von Grandmont wesentlich strenger befolgt. Ohne den Grammontensern eine späte Gerechtigkeit zukommen lassen zu wollen, öffnet die Untersuchung neue Einblicke in das westeuropäische Mönchtum. ; Quel ordre religieux fondé au XIIe siècle a essaimé cent cinquante prieurés en France? Il s'agissait de l'ordre de Grandmont. Les Grandmontains sont connus par différentes études en France mais ils n'ont jamais suscité une étude comparative avec les autres ordres monastiques réformés du XIIe siècle. C'est pourtant en effectuant cette comparaison que la rigueur et l'exigence de la règle de Grandmont se distingue et ce jusque dans les tous les aspects de la vie monastique, y compris l'architecture. L'ordre de Grandmont a été fondé en 1074 par Etienne de Muret. Après avoir passé sa jeunesse en Italie, Etienne de Muret s'installa sur le lieu d'Ambazac en Limousin pour vivre en ermite. Il eut des disciples et, au moment de sa mort, en 1125, la petite communauté comptait déjà plusieurs prieurés. Par un mode de vie extrêmement sévère et une règle très austère, les moines eurent une grande renommée et furent bientôt appelés «bons hommes». C'est ainsi qu'ils purent fonder environ cent cinquante prieurés jusqu'au début du XIIIe siècle. L'ordre connut son plein essor dans les années 1170-80, et trouva son point culminant au moment de la canonisation d'Etienne de Muret, en 1189. Mais, assez vite, des révoltes de convers et différentes crises exigèrent des réformes. Après la réforme de 1317, qui modifia le visage de l'ordre en le ramenant à un ordre quelconque, la Guerre de Cent Ans et les Guerres de Religion l'affaiblirent. Il fut finalement dissout par la Commission des Réguliers au XVIIIe siècle sous Louis XVI. Il reste aujourd'hui en France environ cinquante prieurés qui conservent d'importants éléments d'architecture. Ceux-ci montrent de manière étonnante que les Grandmontains ont dû suivre des instructions exactes lors de la construction de leurs monastères. Pendant un siècle entier, l'ordre suivit avec beaucoup plus de ferveur que les Cisterciens un seul plan-type. Il fut réalisé dans le moindre détail par exemple en ordonnant le nombre des fenêtres de chaque salle du monastère. Toutefois, ce plan-type existait-il sur papier ou était-il transmis oralement? La disposition des bâtiments dans le monastère grandmontain varie peu. S'agit-il d'un plan-type classique de monastère bénédictin? Ou ce plan-type est-il propre aux Grandmontains ? D'un monastère grandmontain à un autre, quelques variations apparaissent. Comment ces variantes peuvent-elles s'expliquer? S'agit-il de particularités régionales ou d'initiatives personnelles des travailleurs recrutés? Existe-t-il des influences supra-régionales? La comparaison des motifs architecturaux des principaux ordres réformés montre une ressemblance étonnante et un même essai de simplification des formes que chez les Grandmontains. Mais aucun des autres ordres des XIe, XIIe ou XIIIe siècles n'a réussi à concrétiser un plan-type identique avec la même vigueur que les Grandmontains. Les ordres monastiques qui se rapprochèrent le plus de Grandmont dans ce souci de simplification furent les ordres de Vallombreuse en Italie, Artige et Chalais en France. Les ordres de Fontevrault et de Tiron furent fortement influencés par leurs régions et renouvelèrent souvent leurs monastères en les transformant en de grandes installations monumentales. Les Camaldules en Italie et les Chartreux développèrent un type propre. Malgré certaines variations dans le plan au sol, le plan-type est reconnaissable, notamment dans la régularité des formes. S'agissait-il d'un développement parallèle des formes? Ou d'une influence directe de Grandmont? Quels ordres furent les modèles des autres ordres? Tandis que les Camaldules et les Chartreux restèrent des ordres érémitiques, les autres ordres réformés conservèrent seulement par quelques aspects la vie érémitique dans leur architecture. Tous les ordres religieux ont notifié par écrit la forme de leurs monastères. La plupart suivirent scrupuleusement les directives qui s'apparentaient à des lois de construction. Les Cisterciens s'éloignèrent le plus de leur forme originale, et ce sont pourtant ceux qui eurent le plus de directives architecturales au fil du temps. S'agissait-il donc davantage de critiques concrètes de monastères cisterciens existants que de réelles lois de constructions? L'étude de l'architecture de Grandmont apporte un nouvel éclairage non seulement sur l'ordre de Grandmont lui-même, mais également sur les ordres monastiques du Moyen-Age. Les spécialistes contemporains citent généralement les Cisterciens comme instigateurs de l'architecture monastique en Europe. Cette renommée architecturale semble être exagérée. L'idéal monastique de pauvreté a plus été respecté dans d'autres ordres, notamment dans celui de Grandmont. Sans vouloir rendre justice aux Grandmontains, cette étude ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans la connaissance du monachisme européen.

The College Mefcuty. VOL. IV. GETTYSBURG, PA., FEBRUARY, 1897. No. 10. THE COLLEGE MEftClPRY, Published each month during the college year by the Students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. STAFF. Editor: ROBBIN B. WOLF, '97. Associate Editors : LEWIS C. MANGES, '97. ED. W. MEISEN H ELDER, '98. SAMUEL J. MILLER '97. CHARLES T. LARK '98. JOHN W. OTT, '97. CHARLES H. TILP, '98. E. L. KOLLER, '98. Alumni Association Editor: REV. D. FRANK GARLAND, A. M., Tanetown, Md. Business Manager: HARRY R, SMITH, '97. Assistant Business Manager: JOHN E. MEISENHELDER, '97. -"","./One volume (ten months). . . . $1.(10 lijl'ms • t Single copies, . . .15 Payable in advance. All Students are requested to hand us matter lor publication. The Alumni and ex-membera ot the College will favor us by sending Information concerning their whereabouts or any Items they may think would be Interesting for publication. All subscriptions and business matters should be addressed to the business manager. Matter intended for publication should be addressed to the Editor. Address, THE COLLEGE MERCUBY, Gettysburg, Pa. CONTENTS. EDITORIAL, --- 142 COLLEGE SPIRIT, - - 145 AN OYSTER ROAST, 146 COLLEGE L-OCALS, -. 14S ALUMNI NOTES, 150 LITERAL TRANSLATION OF THE IX ODE OF HORACE, - 152 OUR BABY, --- 152 ATHLETIC NOTES, --.•'■ 152 TOWN AND SEMINARY NOTES, 153 LITERARY SOCIETIES, 154 FRATERNITY NOTES, 154 EXCHANGES, 155 EDITORIAL-WE were delayed about two weeks in get-ting- out this issue of the MERCURY by the printers, who have been working night and day on the Spring election tickets THE plan proposed, in our last issue, for getting alumni news from all over the country has met with such encouraging response that it will be given a trial. The names and ad-dresses of those who have promised to help us are: Dr. Charles Baum, 630 North Broad St., Philadelphia; Rev. J. J. Young, D. D., 79 Christopher St., New York City, N. Y.; Rev. L. M. Kuhns, 2539 Pierce St., Omaha, Neb.; Mr. W. J. Gies, 2 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Conn.; Rev. J. Elmer Bittle, Turtle Creek, Allegheny county, Pa.; Rev. George Beiswanger, 1722 North Fulton St., Baltimore, Md.; Rev. Albert Bell, 117 East Maple St., York, Pa., and Rev. E. J. Metzler. Altoona, Pa. Several others written to, have riot yet replied. These wide awake gentlemen, loyal' sous of Alma Mater, take a lively interest in all that pertains to the history and work of the College, and the readers of the MERCURY may hereafter expect to find a newsy and lengthy column of Alumni personals. Their fellow Alumni living in their respective regions can forward items either to them or to this office. It is to be hoped that this evidence of interest in the Alumni will be reciprocated by an increasing interest of the Alumni in the MERCURY, and we suggest that one way of do-ing this would be for each subscriber to get his neighboring Alumni to send in their subscrip-tions. * * * THE "Board of Trustees" held their regu-lar semi-annual meeting on the 16th ult., H3 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. about eighteen of the members being present. Their most important action related to the date of Commencement. This has been changed from the next to the last Thursday in June, to the first Thursday in June. Several reasons lead to this. The General Synod meets the second week in June and a number of the "Board" and Faculty are delegates to the Synod. It has been learned through ex-perience that the boys don't do very good work in warm weather. The attractions out of doors seem to outweigh the attractions of-fered by the sciences. After the first of June, base-ball and tennis generally command more time and energy than study. The plan, how-ever, has some disadvantages, since College and Seminary Commencements will come on the same day of the same week. The winter term will close Nov. 26th and will open the next morning. A short recess will be given at Easter, from Thursday even-ing till Tuesday morning, thus giving the boys the privilege of celebrating the Resurrection Festival at their homes. * *- * WE were gratified at the hearty response of the boysr who are not members of the ''Staff," to the notice on the bulletin board. The pub-lication of one or two of the articles had to be deferred for lack of space. A similar notice will be put up each month, and it is to be hoped that the response will be equally prompt. * * WE desire to call attention ^o Prof. Kling-er's correction ot a mistake made in our last issue, and take this means of assuring him that the mistake was altogether unintentional and published without due consideration or inquiry. THERE is a certain feature in some of our neighboring institutions, which, if added, might be of great benefit to our Alma Mater. We refer to lectures, not only by the Profes-sors, but also by others. There are quite a number of cultivated Alumni in the neighbor-ing towns and cities who no doubt would con-sent to deliver a lecture to the student body on some educational topic. These would serve to broaden the minds of the students and would be highly appreciated. One or two lectures ,in the Y. M. C. A. course constitute all that we hear outside the class-room. The Stuck-enberg course of lectures was a step in the right direction. Let us have some others. * * * THE boys have decided to give an entertain-ment on the night of the 22nd. The subject has not yet been announced. The proceeds will be devoted to the interests of the Athletic Association. These plays are quite common at some other colleges and this proposed step shows that the Gettysburg boys mean to rank with the best. The young ladies of Irving- College have been quite successful in ther ef-forts and the boys can always do as well as the ladies. Let the coming play be made so inter-esting that it will be an inducement to con-tinue in that line and thus have the.monotony of the college course somewhat relieved. * LET it not be forgotten that the time for the "Inter-Collegiate State Oratorical Contest" is approaching. It will be held at Muhlenberg, on the 12th of March. Gettysburg is entitled to one contestant. In order to make a selection of this one, there will have to be a preliminary contest. Let there be a lot of applicants, so that the man who represents Gettysburg shall truly represent her. Let us be determined to win the prize this year. We have never yet won it and now it is our turn. It would be well for the literary societies to attend to this matter promptly. * * * SOME exception has been taken, especially by "The Yale Gettysburg Club" to some statements in our last issue in the essay on "College Literary Societies." Among others THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 144 was the statement that "Harvard always beats Yale in literary contests.'' As an explanation we would say that the essay was written some time ago and only given for publication be-cause the editor had been disappointed in sev-eral promised articles. .It was handed in on the spur of the moment and without revision. Since the writing of the essay Yale has had some signal literary victories over Harvard and Princeton, so that the words "always beats" were a little too strong and likely to create some misapprehension as to the undoubted high literary standing of Yale. * ., * "J. A. H." suggested in a previous number of the MERCURY, that there would be a larger number of Alumni in attendance Commence-ment week, if instead of the regular Alumni meeting, there would be an Alumni dinner. The suggestion seemed to meet with general approv-al, but, so far as we know, no action has been taken to accomplish this. With a little pre-sumption, we beg to offer an amendment to his suggestion, which is to substitute an Alumni dinner for the President's reception. This latter has been one of the most attractive features of Commencement week, but it has not been ap-preciated by the Alumni. One great advan-tage of the President's reception is that it affords a means of entertainment for the visit-ing young ladies, who would no doubt be ex-cluded from an Alumni dinner. But they have confessedly been so much abused of late that we think the change would be welcomed. On the other hand, an Alumni dinner would be for the Alumni and only those would attend it whose interest in the College would make the meeting very entertaining to all. We claim no originality for the above pro-posal, and it certainly is worthy of the consid-eration of the proper authorities. PHILIP MELANCTHON.—The year 1897 will be memorable as the four hundreth anniver-sary of the birth of Philip Melancthon, the scholar of Germany. All over the land of his birth, throughout the Luther-lands of Europe, and in America, and doubtless also in Eng-land, there will be "Melancthoncelebrations". Great preparations are being made for the event and the result will be a better apprecia-tion of the man and his services in the cause of literature and in the advancement of the kingdom of God in the Reformation. Some of the ablest men of our own church will deliver addresses, many of which wili find their way into permamnent form in magazine articles, and Melancthon literature will be deservedly increased. A glance over Poole's Index will be sufficient to convince one of the crying need of such literature in the English. The "Life of Melancthon" will also issue from three dif-ferent firms by as many writers in the near future. One of these is now on the market from the Pilger Co., of Reading, another will follow in early summer from the Lutheran Publication house in Philadelphia, and another in '98 from Putnam & Sons, of New York. Doubtless others besides Lutherans will join in doing honor to the memory of this great scholar, whom Luther denominated as "incon-ceivably learned". There is no doubt to be entertained of the superiority of his intellect, but his unbounded success as a writer, his prodigious learning, his purity of diction, his scholarly attainments must be attributed to this in addition, viz, that that he was an untiring toiler. Union of talent and application made him a scholar. He was a student—he studied. He determined when he went to the University of Wittenberg that "youth should study as well as frequent the university". His zeal in this "particular never abated to the end of his life. His great desire was to furnish young men with the motives and means for study. To this end he made abridgements of the various branches of philo-sophy, and reduced almost every art and science into a form which was of invaluable assistance to the student. For many years his Logic, Ethics, Treatise on the Soul, and Physics were used in all the Lutheran schools. He applied himself so earnestly to study that if II * '45 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. his friends were alarmed for his health and the elector wrote him, kindly admonishing him to be careful of his health. He studied medicine, theology, jurisprudence, and mathematics, besides his thorough mastery of languages. His success must be attributed very largely to the fact that he knew how "to toil terribly". His life has in it a lesson for the easy-going, careless student of today whose highest ambi-tion is "to get through" college, whose last thought is of acquiring an education. G, ILLITERACY OF BOYS.—In an article in the Educational Review by E. L. Godkin, on the "Illiteracy of Boys," the position is taken maintaining that our public schools give tbo little attention to English in the preparation of boys for College, and that private schools are little in advance of public schools in this par-ticular. The author says, "I meet everyday with men whom we call educated who do not seem to care how they speak or write. Their speech is full of solecisms, their letters and notes are unpunctuated scrawls and in their pronunciation the vowel sounds are summarily "got rid of." The colleges of America have in the past placed far too little stress on prepara-tion in English for admission. It was not un-til 1874 that Harvard required "any sort of Engish qualification" for entrance. One of the reasons alleged for faulty English is that in America education counts for little, socially, while in England bad grammar is supposed to indicate mean origin. Carelessness in speech is said to be growing. Many of the newspa-pers are given to slang and the language of the street, with a view to popularity. From the cradle to the college the home is a sharer in the blame for this illiteracy. Parents are too much given to "baby talk," thus cultivating a habit of carelessness in themselves and in their children. Too little attention to the matter of chaste English is given in the conversation at table and about the hearth-stone of the home. On the street children will unlearn in an hour the lessons of a week. Even publishers of books are guilty of sending forth millions of pages of trashy literature couched in wretched English. A higher standard for admission to college in English is needed and more atten-tion to the study of English in all our public schools is imperative. In our own institution the work heaped on the Professor of English literature is enough for three departments at least. Not less Latin or Greek but more Eng-lish in the classical course is the crying need of the hour in the educational work of the col-lege. G. To THE EDITOR OF THE MERCURY : I desire to correct a misapprehension of the aim of the "Philosophical Society" and of my relation to it. The society is not a "class," but simply a body of Seminary and College students, who come together fortnightly for the purpose of discussing some of the funda-mental processes of thinking, and also to talk over some of the problems of the day. I am not the "teacher" in any sense of the word, but a member holding the office of Vice President. The society was not organized by me, but is the outcome of the interest in scholarship excited in the student body by Dr. Stuckenberg's lectures. When asked by the students to become a member of such a body, I gladly consented, with the distinct understanding that I was to go in as ' 'one of the boys." I am ready at any time to organize a "class" in any subject belonging to my department, and to "teach" it with all my heart, but to trespass upon another depart-ment is neither my intention nor my right. OSCAR GODFREY KLINGER. COLLEaE SPIRIT. What is meant by college spirit? It means the love a student has for his college. It means j the interest he exhibits in her standing with other institutions, her government, her athlet- \ ics, her morals and her welfare in general. A student possessed with true love for his college will not permit her rating to be lowered, but W^i THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 146 would rather seek to elevate it; and in so do-ing see that no unscrupulous methods are em-ployed. He will defend his college from the assaults of those who unjustly attack her, as a true soldier defends his country, and would stand by his colors as firmly as a color-bearer does in battle. Further, he will assist his superiors, I mean his professors, b}' obeying them, for if he pays little attention to their counsels "he is but cutting off his nose to spite his face." There are many students who be lieve that their professors take no interest in their welfare, a belief in which I think they are very much mistaken. By what methods can a student elevate the standing of his college? One method has al-ready been given; to this may be added that he do his work faithfully and honestly, for what a student is after he is graduated will be mostly attributed to his college. For it does not ad-mit of a doubt that, all other things being equal, the alumnus of an institution who is seen by the public leading his fellows in professional, business or other pursuits will have that honor credited to the training he received at college, and thus people will be led to believe that his college is a college worthy to educate their sons. In the race for college honors, for there are some who work merely to obtain that end, a spirit worthy of honor is in that student who obtains the crown on his own merits, but words of condemnation too great cannot be spoken of that student who works merely for honor and, in addition, uses dishonest means. No true college spirit here. As an example of false college spirit there is a student in a Theo-logical Seminary who, while he was in college, was a plodder, but where he is now he can ob-tain no mark or honors and has stopped his plodding. Is this true college spirit ? Far from it. Further, in the government of an institution a true college spirit may be shown. Those who are in charge of the government do not always know what men in the march to success are the gamblers, the drunkards, and the van-dals. Those students who believe in pure government as an essential to the success of a college ought to show their loyalty and have ousted from the army these men. Surely, is not college love, loyalt}' and spirit very defi-cient here ? Next to divine law comes the moral law and such students as are immoral should not be among our number. There can be no doubt that in athletic con-tests the spirit of a college is shown as promi-nently as anywhere else. How great is the rejoicing over a victory and the brooding over defeat. The men who constitute our athletic teams should be men of true spirit, for the}7, to a certain degree, make a college what it is. So that those who are deficient in their studies, void of respect, loose in morals, should not be permitted to represent the college. College spirit has two sides, good and evil, and will make an everlasting impression upon the young man, for from the seed college spirit is reaped a habit, from a habit a character, a character a destiny. Shall it be good or evil ? M. AN OYSTER ROAST. So calm and quiet was the night. Not a sound was heard along historic Seminary Ridge except the monotonous puff, puff, puff of the engine in the steam-plant back of the Seminary buildings. The light of the mid- December moon, filtering through the naked trees, seemed to change the puffs of steam, which escaped with lazy precision and punctu-ated the silence of the night, into halos of wreath-like brilliancy. Towards the buildings which crest the hill and are inhabited by the youthful saints—for whose pretty brows the ephemeral halos were probably intended—were hurrying many gay and well-groomed couples; college widows, of established age and dignity-; society queens, of numerous ill-starred conquests; vivacious debu-tantes, of unknown possibilities; each piloted by a theological social lion. The long expected night had arrived; the I■ H7 THE COLLEGE NEERCURY. society event of the season was about to be given by these promiscuous scions of unclassi-fied genealogical trees. A whole barrel of choice oysters had been purchased. For the sake of novelty and economy, the engine house served as a reception-room, cloak-room and banquet hall. The coal dust and smutty soot flakes had been carefully removed from the j floor and walls; tri-colored bunting and multi-colored lanterns had been borrowed for the oc-casion and draped semi-artistically about the walls and girders; a long table covered with immaculate linen and illuminated by hand-some banquet lamps, also borrowed, extended the length of the room. Mr. Jones, the en-gineer, was the chefiox the occasion, but inci-dentally fed the furnaces with coal and kept his eyes on the barrel of "blue-points which had been placed right outside the door which was left conveniently ajar. It was a peculiarly novel scene, after all had assembled; "The mild eyed, ,melancholy lotus ' eaters'' never dreamed of anything quite like it. Occasionally some of the volatile products j of highly heated bituminized coal escaped from the furnaces and mixed with the prevalent aeriform matter of different origin but pro-duced no effect upon the assemblage other than a sudden ebullition ofjocosity. Anything which under ordinary circumstances would produce discomfort seemed to cause volleys of second-hand wit to ricochet impetuously along the line of hungry guests who were now, awaiting the first course of "raws." Meanwhile "Hans," "Judy," "Dick," "Pete" and "Billee," a quintettee of jolly col-lege boys, had mysteriously met in front of the old, wide-winged, Doric edifice on the college campus. After a short parley they retired into the shadow of "Gym" but quickly returned bearing something between them. As they darted stealthily from shadow to shadow, the little brown stone cherubs high up in the tower of Recitation Hall, looked down and smiled as they recognized a little, old, red wheelbarrow ill concealed among the five. They had seen such sights before. When "Hans" had led his party safely to the edge of the Seminary grove, where they say, the spectre soldiers stand in battle line on somber July nights, he placed his men on guard and started out to reconnoiter. The barrel was soon located; a signal from the captain quickly brought his four muscular companions to the coal-bin from which they silently removed the barrel. Be-fore leaving "Hans" returned to look upon the victims. While peeping through the dust covered windows he heard some belated guests approaching and lightly stepped into the shadow. "Doctor, do you smell the oysters ?'' he heard a theological professor's wife ask her husband as they approached the door, and he replied, "yes, don't they smell delicious?" and "Hans" muttered sotto voce, as he went back to his companions, "Well, I guess nit." The "robbery was soon detected and con-sternation seized upon the banqueters. Carl Browne Coxey looked like a cross between a frightened poodle and a Circassian freak, as he pushed his hands wildly through his hair, and with frightful facial contortions, said, "I'll give twenty dollars for the apprehension of the purloiners of our ostreoid bivalves." Freddie Balm, in his unseemly haste to obtain the re-ward, dashed from the building, climbed a treacherous tree to look into a darkened room, fell and broke the government fence. John Evangelical Hindall dropped his padded shoulders, blinked his eyes and said, "ei,ei,ei." Rev. Mephistopheles Crowmore, who came from the far, far west, croaked dolefully about "snakes in the grass," and "Pud" Shower, appreciating the joke, but forgetting his sur-roundings, fiercely danced the Choochie- Choochie. J. H. Arms sent to town for a few oysters and a photographer so that he might have his picture taken while in the act of eat-ing one of the "succulents" and thus prove that he had enough, anywa}'. While these incidents were occurring, Mr. Jones was flashing his dark lantern up and down the grove, and its intermittent light was observed by five young fellows, satiated with laughter and oysters, who were leaving a hid- THE COLLEGE MERCURY. den nook in Reynold's grove, and moving toward the College. Each one carried with him a fine, large oyster shell, which now adorns his room, only some fair hand has since then painted upon it an old, red wheelbarrow, with this inscription below: '■The best laid schemes of mice an' m-.-n, Gang aft a' glee." COLLEGE LOCALS. EDMUND W. MEISENHKLDER and E L. ROLLER, Editors. number have weeklies ? Pay up your back subscriptions ! This is the only way to keep the MERCURY moving. Dr. B.—"Now Mr. N. where was the Flaminian road." Mr. N., '98.—"Between Rome and Ar-menia." Hurrah ! At last we will get a new yell. It is a long felt want. Now all we need are the fellows to give it, and they are always plenty. Mr. D.—"Hamilton died by committing a duel." Probably we do speak too often about sup-porting the Spectium, but we ask 5'our for-bearance. Let each lower classman ask him-self if he is doing as much for the present Spectrum as he wants the '98 men to do for him. There is no reason, except it be our-selves, why we should not produce an annual which shall equal the annual of any other col-lege. Other colleges have no difficulty as re-gards literary material, why should we ? Surely we think we are equal in this respect to the college men of other institutions. What do you think ? Dr. S.—"What does arboreal mean ?" "Guv." '99.—"Wild. It is used when we want to designate wild animals." Already some of our boys have been out practicing base ball. It is a good idea. We expect to see the finest base ball team our col-lege has ever had. Begin work early and get on the first team. There is always room at the top. Dr. S.—"What purpose does the tail of the monkey serve." Mr. C, '98—"Apprehension. Nobody knows who stole the Sem. oysters. If you find out, report to Harmes or Cox. "That oyster supper cost us all the way twelve dollars." Mr. D., '99.—"Professor, what was that ex-ercise law ?" Prof. H.—"I suppose you mean the excise law." B., 1900 has been the first unfortunate to go through the ice. No serious results have fol-lowed. Do you think that the MERCURY can be run on wind ? No we must have money. Would 3'ou like to see the MERCURY fail, when all other colleges have monthlies and a good Mr. L., dead?" (in Greek,) "Prof, is a corpse The first one of the entertainments arranged by the Y. M. C. A., took place on Friday evening, Jan. 15th. The concert was given by the Mozart Symphony Club and was a'fine one. This concert has been the best, which we have had the opportunity of enjoying, for a long time. We have had some poor ones and we were in prime condition to appreciate a good company. Herr Hoch was the favorite of the evening and acquitted himself nobly, and much to the delight of the audience. The conduct of the student body was admir-able and was so thought by the company them-selves, who left very well pleased with their treatment. There is but one criticism to make, namely, the concert was not sufficiently well attended. Turn out and patronize the other entertainments. Some treats are in store for you. Remember, we want to see a Y. M. C. A. hall grace the campus not many years hence. One of the '99 men gives promise of making a man as noble as George Washington, inas-much as he cannot tell a lie. The following story about S., will corroberate this statement. Proctor.—"S., was that you who blew that horn?" S. '99.—"No, sir!" Proctor.—"Didn't you blow that horn ?" S—"No, sir !" Proctor.—"See here now S., don't tell me a lie, didn't vou blow that horn?" S.—"Yes, sir." Several surprising statements have already been made by some of the Juniors in Logic. F., 98 says—"An animal that swims is a a fish. Man swims. Therefore a man is a fish." "Earney" A., 97, has a ver>^ refined musi-i 1 ■ l 149 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. cal taste ; but still he thinks the young (?) lady with the Mozart Symphony Club "should have sung United States." S., '98, (In Juvenal)—translates "cum tu dcponis amiclus turgidus" as follows: "when you lay aside your dirty clothes." The Preps wonder how A. B. B. V. O., gets excused from chapel and church on Sunday. Sound sleep is a very necessary thing. E., 97, reading in papers the account of the fire at Wanamaker's Dept. store, spreads the news that "John Wanamaker's Depot store was burned." S., 1900 usually does his sleeping in French class and becomes very indignant when Dr. M. disturbs his sound slumbers by calling on him to recite "Tom" N., (class of 1919) has developed wonderful propensities for spelling—his latest spelling for dog is "D-O-Voni !" The lecture by Judge Alfred Ellison on "Kings and Queens or Earth's True Royalty," was well attended and enjoyed, despite the condition of the chapel. The lecture abound-ed in humorous anecdotes, and the lecturer recited quite a number of his own poems dur-ing the course of his talk. Again has King Death come into our midst and deprived us of Mr. H. Dee Peters, of the class of 1902. He was the step-son of Rev. D. T. Koser, of Arendtsville. He left school about the middle of December and died two weeks later from hemorrhages of the lungs, being only twenty years old. He was a young man of ability and firm Christian character and gave promise of brilliant success in college and in life. His sister, who accompanied him to and from school every morning and even-ing, must now come alone. While he was here for only one term-, and not very well known, yet his death should be an example to us, who are behind. We too, may be taken away, we know not how soon, and therefore should al-ways be ready, as he was, and not be afraid to meet our Judge. The MERCURY extends sincere sympathy to the friends and family of the deceased. [The above was inadvertently omitted from our last issue.] The Easter vacation has been shortened to five days, and the college year will end the last week in May, and Commencement will oc-cur the first week in June. This change meets the approval of the boys generally. The Photographers, Tipton and Mumper, have been seen quite frequently this term on the campus and in the buildings taking views for the Spectrum. One view, that of the whole campus, a combination of four different plates, is an especially fine piece of workmanship. This is the "dull term" of the year—noth-ing to break the monotony but the course of lectures and concerts given by the Y. M. C. A. Everyone should take advantage of them. K., '97, says that "The Gospels include Acts, Romans and Epistles to the Hebrews. Dr. H.—Mr. S., '99, How many men were in Saul's army when he went out against the Philistines ? Mr. S. (getting the signal mixed,)—30,000. Dr. H.—Did you say 3000? Mr. S.—Yes, sir. Dr. H. (who heard the prompting)—Sound must increase as it travels from the back part of the room to my desk. Mr. C, '99, remarked as he left Dr. M.'s room that the next time he visited the dutch locality of Recitation Hall he would wear his shield so as to be protected from the flying missiles which occasionally pervade that local-ity. Mr. S., '99, (on returning from a call at 11.30 P. M., decides on practicing an exercise in elocution). Taking a full breath he slowly but loudly repeats, Now—I—am—alone. Mr. C, '99, (from under the covers in an adjoining room). If you don't break that off you won't be very long. Jerry of'98 and Willie of '99, two of the crack shots on the campus, ^recently exhibited some fine marksmanship by'chasing an (idea) over the athletic field. They mistook a bundle of charred paper which was tossed about by the wind for a chicken hawk and several shots were fired before the mistake was seen. The following officers have been elected by the Seniors, for class day exercises: Master of Ceremonies, Henry W. Bikle, Gettysburg; Ivy Oration, George W. Englar, Linwood, Md.; Ivy Poem, ,J. William Ott, Rocky Ridge, Md.; Class History, J. Hay Kain, York, Pa.; Class Poem, Fred. W. Fri-day, Jefferson, Md.; Class Roll, Clifton G. White, Manheim, Pa.; Faculty Roll, White Hutton, Chambersburg, Pa.; Presentation Ora-tion, Robbin B. Wolf, Gettysburg, Pa.; Man-tle Presentation, Frank S. Leisenring, Cham- THK COLLEGE MERCURY. !50 bersburg, Pa.; Tricks, John E. Meisenhelder, Hanover, Pa.; Love Cup, Charles B. Erb, Boyertown, Pa.; Our Absent Ones, Arthur B. Coble, Lykens, Pa.; Class Prophecy, William E. Wheeler, Baltimore, Md.; Conferring of Decrees, Samuel W. Miller, Edgemont, Md. ALUiviNi- '37. In looking up the members of the vari-ous classes, the Alumni Department of the '98 Spectrum has ascertained that Thomas Means, Esq., who was supposed to be the oldest living graduate, died in Centreville, Ind., March 5th, 1894. '39. Rev. W. F. Eyster, D. D., of Crete, Neb., the surviving member of '39, is now the oldest living graduate. '41. Rev. Nathan H. Conwell, of Philadel-phia, died last summer. His death was not generally known. '42. Rev. M. Sheeleigh, D. D., read a poem at the Melanchtou Memorial Services, which were held in St. Matthews church, Philadel-phia, Feb. 16, 1897. '43. Rev. W. M. Paxton.D. D. LL. D., pro-fessor of Homiletics, in Princeton Seminar}-, preached the sermon at the installation of Rev. D. W. Woods, Jr., pastor of the Presbyterian church, Friday evening, Jan. 29. '45. Rev. Wm. Uhl died recently at Los Angeles, Cal., after having spent a long and eventful life. '46. At the recent meeting of the Board of Trustees, Rev. W. M. Baum, D. D., and Rev. L. E. Albert, D. D., were appointed a com-mittee to present the matter of providing a new dormitory, to the church at large. '52. The address of Geo. H. Spang, Esq., is changed from Bedford to Hollidaysburg. '59. Rev. J. G. Goettman, D. D., Trinity church, Pittsburg, is seeking rest and heakh in the Somerset county mountains '60. Rev. L. Groh, pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran church, Omaha, was presented by his parishioners with a handsome mantle clock. At the last communion there were seven accessions. '63. Prof. E. J. Wolf, D. D., will deliver the address at the Melanchthon celebration, under the auspices of the New York Luther League. '68. Rev. L. M. Heilman, D. D., of Harris-burg, has been suffering with bronchial trou-ble for the past few months. He spent some time in Colorado, but finding that the climate did not agree with him, has now gone to Florida. We hope that he will find relief in that sunny clime. '70. Rev. A. G. Fastnacht is editor of the York Lutheran, and Rev. W. S. Freas, D. D., '73, is business manager. Rev. Fastnacht re-cently celebrated his twentieth anniversary as pastor of one of York's churches. '77. Rev. S. Stall, D. D., editor of the Lutheran Observe), is one of the associate edi-tors of the Open Church, a quarterly magazine of applied Christianity. To the last number he has contributed a valuable article on 1' Methods of Church Work.'' '73. Rev. Dr. Freas made one of the ad-dresses at the dedication of Trinity United Evangelical church, of York, on Sunday after-noon, January 24th. '73. Rev. E. H. Leisenring preached his seventh anniversar}* sermon January 3rd. There are three young men at college from his congregation. '74. Rev, C. M. Stock, of Hanover, was elected Secretary of the Board of Trustees at. its recent meeting. '76. The Pittsburg Times of Jan. 2nd, says : "A remarkable action was taken by the Coun-cil of the First English Lutheran church, of which Rev. Wm. A. Shipman, a minister of much ability and great popularity, is pastor. Upon his solicitation an open court was estab-lished in which all literary, socialistic and soci-ological questions shall be discussed with open doors and free speech to all denominations.'' '77. The good people of Grace church, Win-chester, Va., celebrated, in a royal manner, the birthday of their pastor, Rev. W. L. Sea-brook. Both he and his family received many beautiful presents. '77. Harry M. Claybaugh, Attorney-Gen-eral for the State of Maryland, has been se-lected .as a member of the reception committee for the Inaugural Ball. '77 Rev. H. B. Wile, of Carlise, addressed the students in Brua Chapel, Sunday after-noon, Jan. 31st, the Day of Prayer for Col-leges. He also preached in Christ church in the evening to a large congregation. He is a THE COLLEGE MERCURY. very eloquent speaker and is very popular among the students. '78. Rev. Albert Bell, of St. Luke's church, York, is instructing a class in vocal music in his church. '79. Rev. Luther Kuhlmau, of Frederick, Md., filled the pulpit of Dr. Hamma, at Al-toona, Pa., recently, during the Doctor's ab-sence in Washington. '80. Rev. Geo. S. Bowers, pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran church, Hagerstowu, was re-cently presented with a large hall rack and a fine Smyrna rug besides many other useful things, by the members of his congregation. '80. Rev. L. N. Fleck, Stoyestown, Pa., was remembered by one of his Sunday Schools with a purse of money, and by another with the gift of a fine overcoat. The next conven-tion of the Allegheny Synod will be held in his church at Stoyestown. '81. Rev. S. J. Taylor, of Berlin, Pa., read a paper on "The New Birth" before the Min-isters' Club of Meyersdale, Berlin and Salis-bury at the regular monthly meeting, Feb. 1st. '83. Rev. L. M. Kuhns, of Washington, D. C, was recently in Akroii, O., preaching for pastors Keller and Lesher. '83. Rev. F. H. Crissman, ofthe Brushtown Avenue church, has been on the sick list but is now convalescent. '83. Rev. W. W. Anstadt was installed as pastor of Zion's Lutheran church, Hollidays-burg, on Sunday evening, January 17th. Rev. P. G. Bell, of Altoona, and Rev. W. A. Shipman, '76, of Johnstown, conducted the installation services. '84. Rev. L- M. Zimmerman, pastor of Christ Lutheran church, Baltimore, had a very severe attack of La Grippe recently. '86. Rev. Luther DeYoe, ofHarrisburg, Pa., is resting a little while at Atlantic City. He ministers to a very large congregation, and has been over-taxed-. He hopes very soon to be in his pulpit again. '86. The new church building at White-marsh, Pa., Rev. J. Eugene Dietterich, pastor, was dedicated on Sunday, February 7th. '88. On the 29th of Dec. Rev. S. D. Daugh-erty and his wife gave a reception to the young people of his church, in honor of the College and University students of the congregation, who were home for the holiday vacation. '88. Rev. J. M. Francis, of Columbia City, Indiana, is now writing his sermons on a new Universal "Hammond" typewriter, the gift of a few of his friends. '88. Rev. D. Frank Garland, of Taneytowu, Md., has been engaged by the Lutheran Pub-lication Society to write a "Life of Melanc-thon." The book will contain about 145 pages and is intended to serve as a hand-book. It will be published some time during the present year. '90. Rev. E. E. Blint recently held a two weeks' service in his church at Littlestown. The meetings were interesting and instructive. Rev. Blint is doing a most excellent work in his field. '90. Rev. W. J. Bucher, of New Bethle-hem, has been called to Clarion, Pa'., and will accept. '90. Rev. Noah E. Yeiser, of India, writes for the back numbers of the MERCURY and sends in his subscription for another year. Though thousands of miles away, he has not forgotten his Alma Mater. The MERCURY extends best wishes for his success in bis no-ble work. '91. Rev. Stanley Billheimer, of West Wash-ington, had his salary increased recently. Plis congregation is small, but appreciative, and owns a very valuable property. '92. E. H. Herman is in deserved promi-nence in the councils ofthe Republinan party of Maryland. '92. Rev. H. E. Berke}-, who was very in-fluential in the establishment of the new paper, The York County Lutheran, has been elected as its editor. '92. Rev. Jesse W. Ball, of Los Angeles, Cal., in a recent issue of The Littheran World writes of the polyglot character of his congre-gation, in which he has representatives of Norway, Sweeden, Denmark, Holland, an American Indian and a converted Jew. '93. Rev. Andrew J. Rudisill, of New Bloomfield, recently visited his parents near Gettysburg, and also looked up his friends at College and Seminar)'. '93. Rev. and Mrs. G. M. Diffenderfer, of Newport, visited friends in Gettysburg last month. '93. Rev. Marion J. Kline was installed pas-tor ofthe Bethlehem Lutheran church. Harris- THE, COLLEGE MERCURY. ■52 burg, Jan. 24. Rev. Dr. Huber, '55, deliv-ered the charge to the pastor, and Rev. Dr. Gilbert, '57, Harrisburg, to the people. '93. The address of Rev. Eugene E. Neu-dewitz is changed from 228 W. 10th St., New York, to 85 Wayne St., Jersey City, N. J. '95 Dr. M. L. Boyer is practicing medicine at 1309 N. 29th St., Phila., where he has a splendid practice. '95. EL L. M. Hoffman, (Yale '97) one of Yale's most prominent athletes, won another first prize at the recent exhibition in the Yale Gymnasium, for superior work on "the long horse." The prize awarded him is a very handsome gold cup, appropriately inscribed, and is the fifth trophy of the kind already won by Mr. Hoffman. The prizes previously won, were a "first" on "the side horse," "two firsts" in "tumbling," and a "second" on "the long horse." '96. W. H. Mengeslatelj' visited the College and Seminary for several days. He intends to enter the Seminary next Fall. LITERAL TRANSLATION OF THE IX ODE OF HORACE. You see Soracte deep with snow, And the trees with heavy weight bent low, And river chilled with stinging frost; Rut cheerful be what e'er the cost. Bring out the good old Sabine wine, And happy be while yet in prime, Leave else to gods who rule supreme, Whose power stills the winds most keen, The aged ash trees are unmoved, The cypress tree, the same doth prove. Ask not what chance may bring to thee. It may be sorrow, may he glee. While you are yet quite young in years, Have pleasure with the dearest dears Until old age his steps advance. Indulge at times in merry dance. Stroll on the campus and side-walks, And with the young have pleasant talks. If you in games were won't to play, Speak if light laugh did her betray. Steal golden ring from dimpled hand. She may resist, but not with stand. C. S. It., Professor—What is the difference between idealism and realism ? 'Varsity Girl—Idealism is when you con-template matrimony. Professor—Yes ; and realism? 'Varsity Girl—You get that afterward.— Philadelphia Review. OUE BABY. I heard a sweet sound soft and low, Come drifting 'mougst the trees, While on the Campus I stood frying each note to seize. I quickly urged myself to where I heard the sweet sound fall, And found out to my great surprise, It was in Phrena Hall. I stopped outside the door a while, Then quietly went in And pretty soon, just as before, I heard the sound again. The babe which made the sound I heard, Was not named John or Hannah, But merely bore this pretty name : "Our Babv"—Grand Piano. ATHLETICS. CHARI.ES T. LARK, Editor. Capt. Burns, '01, with his usual push and determination, has been getting our base-ball material together and unless appearances are very deceitful, the "orange and blue" will be represented on the diamond this spring by a finer team than she has had for some years. Our men are training hard and regular prac-tice in the "cage" and bowling alleys, is adhered to, from which there can be but good results. The problem of the pitcher is the most serious one which confronts a college team, and it very often happens that, through weak-ness in this respect, man}'otherwise fine teams fail to make the showing they should. We are indeed exceptionally fortunate in having so many applicants for this position, a number of whom have considerable reputation for their ability in this line, among which number are: Burns, '01; Dale, '00; Gladfelter, '00: Roehn, '99; Culler, '98. As most of the above mentioned men are in the lower classes we may feel sure of having good men in the box for some years to come. White, '97, who has had considerable ex-perience on his class team, will, in all proba-bility, occupy the position behind the bat, made vacant hy Tate, '96. Stifel, '00, has been elected by the Athletic Association to the managership of the Track Team of which Krb, '97, has been chosen cap-tain, and systematic practice is indulged in. The team already contains a number of ath- '53 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. letes of no mean ability and, as the new men are rapidly falling into line, we may confi-dently expect to be represented on the track by a lot of men who would be a credit to any institution. Our base-ball season will be considerably shortened, owing to the fact that College will close three weeks earlier than it did in former years, Commencement being on June 3rd. Manager Armstrong has already arranged for a number of games and has but a few more dates open. He is working hard to get a game with U. P. as we are quite desirous of crossing bats with the University. TOWN /\ND SEIVJINARY NOTES. s. J. MILLER, Editor. TOWN. A fire alarm system is being agitated in Get-tysburg, to be used in connection with the telephone. A large gong would be so placed that by touching a button at the exchange the alarm would be given indicating the location of the fire. The Lutheran Observer gives the following account of the battle-field parks at Chicka-mauga and Gettysburg. The Government has spent a much larger sum of money at the for-mer place than at the latter. Of the 3874 acres to be acquired at Gettysburg, the Government has 845 acres of which 521 acres were donated by the Gettysburg Battle-field Association. It has, on the other hand, bought 5568 acres at Chickamauga out of the 8000, within the limits prescribed by the Act. The Government has expended $758,876.20 at Chickamauga and only $251,219.46 at Gettysburg. The County Sunday School Convention will be held in this place, Feb. 23. It will likely j be held in the Presbyterian church. Rev. T. P. Ege, last Wednesday a week, at-tended the winter session of the Archdeaconry of the Episcopal church, convened in Harris- ! burg, and took part in the discussion, the sub-ject of which was the church's attitude toward the social element. A bill appropriating $50,000 for a statue of President Lincoln at Gettysburg, was passed by the U. S. Senate. About twenty-members of the Bar and Bench of Adams county attended the annual Bar supper on the evening of the 19th tilt. The occasion was an extremely pleasant one. 1 Speech-making was a very interesting feature of the evening. Judge Swope was toast-mas-ter and the following responses were made : "Some Words of Advice from the Nestor of Our Bar," Hon. D. McConaughy; "The Bench of Adams County," Wm. McSherry, Jr., Esq.; "The Bar of Adams County," C. S. Duncan, Esq.; "The Diligent Practitioner," Hon. G. J. Benner; "Our Law Makers," W. C. Sheely' Esq.; "Lawyers' Wives and Law-yers' Sweethearts," Judge Swope and Hon. G. J. Benner; "Legal Ethics," John B. McPher-son, Esq ; "Reminiscences of Our Last Bar Supper," Edw. A. Weaver, Esq.; "The Press and Its Mission," C. E. Stahley, Esq., "Rem-iniscences of Philadelphia Bar," J. L. Kendle-hart, Esq.; "Permanency of Our Annual Sup-per," Wm. P. Quimby, Esq.; "Cordiality of Bench and Bar," Judge Beales. A Farmers' Institute was held in Gettys-burg, Friday and Saturday, Feb. 12th and 13th, under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture of Pennsylvania. Day of Prayer for Colleges was observed Sunday, Jan. 31st, in Christ Lutheran church in the morning and in Brua Chapel in the af-ternoon. The morning services were con-ducted by the pastor. Rev. Herbert Alleman, and in the afternoon, under the direction of the College Y. M C. A., by Rev. Wile, of Carlisle, Pa., his theme being "Godliness." On Friday evening, January 29th, the re-cently elected pastor of the Presbyterian church, Rev. D. W. Woods, Jr., was installed. The exercises were very interesting and im-pressive and were largely attended. Rev. W. S. VanCleve presided and Rev. Wm. M. Pax-ton, D. D., LL. D., Prof, ot Homiletics in the Theological Department of Princeton Univers-ity, delivered the installation sermon. Rev. Dr. J. A. Crawford, of Chambersburg, deliv-ered the charge to the pastor, and Rev. Dr. S. A. Martin, President of Wilson College, the charge to the Congregation. SEMINARY. The Missionary Study Class has completed the course on Missionary Biography and has taken up for this term, "Missions and Apostles of Medieval Europe." Rev. Cross preached at Stone church, Sun-day, Jan. 17th. Revs. Nicholas and Ibach were out preach-ing on 31st ult. TH1C COLLEGE MERCURY. T54 Rev. Arthur Bredeubek, of the Senior class, was unanimously elected pastor of the Luth-eran church, at Thurmont, Md. Messers. Berger and Fulper made Home Missionary addresses at Flohr's church, on Jan. 31st. LITERARY SOCIETIES. JOHN W. OTT, Editor. PHRENA. The following officers were installed on Fri-day evening, Jan. 29th, 1897: Pres., Stockslager; V. Pres., Tholan; Rec. Sec, Bikle, Jr.; Chap., Woods; Mon., Miller; Critics, Bikle, Sr., Duck, Clare, Woods; Asst. Lib., Miller. The following special program was rendered by our '00 men on Friday evening, Feb. 5th. Piano Duet Gates and Frey Declamation .Bechtol Declamation - Young Essay Miss Frey Vocal Selection Quartette Declamation Hickman Essay Brandt Declamation Gilbert Declamation Hammacker Piano Duet Gates and Clare Essay .' Hurst Debate. Resolved, That despotism is the best form of government for an ignorant people. AFF. NEG. Miller, Frey, Ernest, Hummer, Weigle Clare. Vdcal Selection Quartette PHILO. Noticeable interest was taken in the first program of the term, and especially on the part of the new men. Koller and Sieber, '00, were initiated into the society on Jan. 22c!, '97. Preparations are being made for a special program to be rendered this mouth. Philo's interest in the "Amateur Theatrical" was evinced at the last meeting by the appoint-ment of a committee to consider the advisa-bility of getting up a dramatic entertainment. A complete catalogue of Yale has been for-warded to the society, for the reading room, by W. J. G., '93, on behalf of the Gettysburg Club of Yale. FRATERNITY NOTES. PHI KAPPA PSI. M. W. Weidman, M. D., '61, has been elected President of the Pennsylvania State Medical Board. Harry M. Clabaugh, '77, Attorney-General of the State of Maryland, was appointed a member of the Inaugural Ball Reception Com-mittee. S. D. Schmucker, Esq., '61, of Baltimore, and W. E. Parsons, D. D., '67, of Washing-ton, D. C, attended the recent meeting of the Board of Trustees of the College. M. C. Horiue, D. D:, '62, recently dedi-cated the new Bethany Evangelical Lutheran church, Reading. Rev. S. A. Martin, D. D., President of Wil-son College, Chambersburg, Pa., was present at the installation services of Rev. D. W. Woods, Jr., as pastor of the Presbyterian church, Gettysburg. W. R. Reitzell, '96, is studying law at Cor-nell Universit}'. PHI GAMMA DELTA. Bro. C. W. Fairbanks, Theta Deuteron, was elected by the legislature of Indiana to succeed Hon. D. W. Voorhees as Senator from that State. Bro. H. B. Wile, '77, delivered the address to the students in Brua Chapel on the 31st, ult, the Day of Prayer for Colleges, and preached in the College church in the evening. Bros. E. G. Miller. '85; D. F. Garland, '88, and L. E. DeYoe, '89, visited friends in town last month. Bros. H. L. Stahler, '82, and L. Y. Smith, '90, Sigma Deuteron, spent several days with the Chapter a short time ago. Bro. Shaar spent last Sunday with his par-ents at Steelton. SIGMA CHI. Rev. C. M. Stock, '74, was elected Secre-tary of the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania College at a recent meeting held in Gettys-burg. Rosensteel visited the Chapter at Dickinson several weeks ago. Newton Fredericks, who left college a short 155 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. time ago, intends to enter the Lawrenceville Preparatory School at Lawrenceville, N. J. Wm. H. H. Bixler ex-'98 is taking a course in dentistry at Louisville, Ky. Garnet Gehr, '91, was elected attorney for the Commissioners of Franklin county. W. W. Good, ex-'99, has entered Troy Business College. Charles Humrichouse, ex-'97, has been made junior partner in his father's wholesale coffee and sugar house in Baltimore. PHI DELTA THETA. M. J. Killian, Va., Alpha, recently filled the pulpit of Trinity Lutheran church, Chambers-burg, Pa. D. Julian Forney has just recovered from a slight illness. Kain was elected historian of the Senior class, in place of Ott, resigned. A charter has been granted to the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio. The annual chapter letters, now coming in, show marked progress in all of the sixty-nine. The Fraternity is preparing to celebrate the birthday of its oldest surviving founder—Rev. Robert Morrison, Miami, '49. ALPHA TAU OMEGA. William H. Menges, '96, spent Sunday, Jan. 30th, with the Chapter. Chas. B. Erb, '97, has been elected Captain of the College Track Team. Paul W. Roller, '94, recently preached in the College church. Paul W. Kuhns, '89, of Omaha, Neb., was married a few days ago. Maurice R. Zullinger, '98, is at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, having an operation per-formed for his disease. John W. Cable, ex-'97, is a student at F. and M. College. Joe S. Hay, ex '95, is in attendance at Bellevue Hospital, New York. Chas. S. Emmert, ex-'97, recently gave a German to his Hagerstown friends. estate now amounting to nearly $3,000,000 to colleges named in his will. This will be distributed equally to the fol-lowing institutions, after the legal expenses are deducted: Amherst, Boudoin, Dartmouth, Williams, Yale, Columbia, Hamilton, Lafay-ette, Lincoln, Maryville, Marietta, Adelbert, Wabash, Park, Wesleyan, Universities of Ro-chester, Cornell, Virginia, Hampton, and the Union Theological Seminaries.—Ex. In all the Universities of France there exists no college periodical, no glee clubs, 110 frater-nities, no athletics, no commencements. The requirements of Johns Hopkins Univer-sity have been so high that but 784 of 2,976 students have obtained degrees.—Ex. Princeton has made application to establish a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Society there. The request will probably be granted. The student who refuses to subscribe for a College paper and then reads it over the shoulder of his neighbor, is short enough to tie his shoe-strings to his necktie.—Ex. Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast. That is the reason they put a brass band around a dog's neck. Write for the MERCURY ! To increase its readers' knowledge : Subscribe for the MERCURY ! For the sake of the College : Encourage the MERCURY 1 In the work it is to do ! Support the MERCURY ! The whole year through. "Give me a kiss, my darling do," He said when he gazed in her eyes so blue. "I won't," she said, "you lazy elf, , - Screw up your lips and help yourself."—Ex. He hugged the fair Miss Lemon, And squeezed her very tight, She angry grew and drawing back Hit him with all her might. He sues her for striking him; ■ In court she him thus taunts, "Who could expect to squeeze a Lemon Unless a punch he wants?" —Princeton Tiger. EXCHANGES. FURNITURE. Cabinet Making, PICTURE FRAMES. Mr. Fayerweather has willed his residuary Baltimore street, Gettysburg, Pa. ADVERTISEMENTS. BASE ISisitors to J3 /A _J J_J £ettl/si>urSr College, . . SUPPLIES, . . cBpalcliqcj Loag ue Ball, jWiits, Mas^s, otQ. Managers should send for samples and special rates. Every requisite for TENNIS, GOLF, CRICKET, TRACK AND FIEI-D. GYMNASIUM EQUIPMENTS AND OUTFITS, COMPLETE CATALOGUE SPRING AND SUMMER SPORTS FREE. "This Name the Guarantee." A. Q. Spalding: & Bros., NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO. iioa CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA *llJright's £ngraving jfcouse VflAS become the recognized leader in unique styles of *?& COLLEGE and FRATERNITY EN-GRAVINGS and STATIONERY, College and Class-Day Invitations, engraved and printed from steel plates; Programmes, Menus, Wedding and Reception Invitations, Announcements, etc., etc. Examine prices aud styles before ordering elsewhere. '50 Visiting Cards from New Engraved Plate for $1,00. ERNEST A. WRIGHT, 1108 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA Hon. W. J. Bryan's Book All who ure interested in furthering the snle of flow. W. J. Bryan's vrw bonk sl.oultl correspond Immediately wit), the publishers. The work will contain . . . AN ACCOUNT OF HIS CAMPAIGN TOUR. HIS BIOGRAPHY, TCrnD'BYHISWIFB HIS V0S1 IMrORTADT SPStCHIS 'HI RIS1JI,TS OF THE CAUPAIGli OF \m. t REV IE* OF THE POLITICAL SITUA'lIOiN. • •OACCNTS WAMT^D © • • Mi myan tins an-nounced his intention of devoting: one-half of all roy ItH'S to furthering the cause of bimetallism. Tii^rH are already indications of an enormous sale. Address W. B. COlNKtY COMPANY, Publishers 341-351 Dearborn St.CHICAGO Settysburg, tPenn*a, -WILL FIX!) THE-Cumberland Valley R. R. running in a South-westerly direction from Harrisbnrg, Pa., through Carlisle. Cfiambcrshurg, Hagerstmvn tin 1 Martinsburg to Winchester, Via., a direct and available *£ route from the North, East and vyesl to Gettysburg, Pa., via. Harrisbnrg and Carlisle. Through tickets via. this route on sale at all P. R. R. offices, and baggage checked through to destination. Also, a popular route to the South via. Carlisle. Ask for your tickets via. I. F. BOYD, Superintendent. id Valley Railroad and Carlisle. Pa. II. A. RIDDLE, lien. Passenger Agent. FPU. H. MlNNlCH, onfeetionervj, OYSTERS Manufacturer, Wholesale and Retail hni/r,- in NEXT DOOF^ TO 5 Suits from $121 to Lowest Maes. 5 p° PAIR'S0 E' f Pants from S4.DD to $121, (^Centre ?«>quare.^ COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 1 SURGEONS, -^-BALTIIVIOFIE, IV|D.-^ ^mmsm ?>i^^Y&zgmm3&Q%t&- KM The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Balti-more, Maryland, is a well-equipped school. Four ses-sions are required for graduation. For full informa-tion send for the annual catalogue, or write to THOMAS OPIE, M. D., Dean, Cor. Calvert and Saratoga Sts. Established 1876.- eSfPBNBOSB MYMSJ JEWELER, Gettysburg Souvenir Spoons, College Souvenir Spoons, No. 10 Baltimore Street, GETTYSBURG, PENN'A. J# A. TAWNEY Is ready to furnish clubs and boarding houses BREAD, ROLLS, &0., at short notice and reasonable rates. Cor.Washington and Middle Sts., Gettysburg. sy 6i£o. 1

SITTENGESCHICHTE DES WELTKRIEGES I. BAND Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges (-) Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges I. Band (I. / 1930) ( - ) Einband ( - ) [Abb.]: ( - ) Titelseite ([III]) Impressum ([IV]) Vorwort (V) Einleitung Begriffsbestimmungen - Sitte, Moral und Recht - Sittengeschichtliche Bedeutung der Kriege und des Weltkrieges - Wirtschaftliche Notwendigkeit, Sittlichkeit und Erotik in ihrem Einfluß auf den Krieg (VII) [Abb.]: Der Krieg bei den Amazonen Zeichnung von Kuhn-Régnier, "La Vie Parisienne", 1915 (VII) [Abb.]: Das europäische Gleichgewicht Zeichnung (VIII) [Abb.]: Russische Karikatur auf Rasputin (IX) [Abb.]: Krieg heißt: Diebstahl, Notzucht, Mord Zeichnung von Delannoy in "Assiette au beurre", 1907 (XI) [Abb.]: Unsere Kinder werden ihnen Halt gebieten Zeichnung (XIII) [Abb.]: Wilhelm II. in der Karikatur Französische Postkarte aus der Zeit der Marokkokonfliktes Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (XIV) [Abb.]: Kaiser Franz Joseph als Ballerine Französische Postkarte aus der Vorkriegszeit Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (XV) [Abb.]: "Wo kommt denn diese bewaffnete Bande her? Wir wollen flüchten!" Zeichnung (XVII) [Abb.]: Kamarilla viribus unitis Wiener Diplomatie Zeichnung von Kupka, 1907 (XIX) [Abb.]: Kriegsgrauen (XX) [Abb.]: Italienische Postkarten aus dem Jahre 1916 Wilhelm II. und Franz Joseph I. in der erotischen Karikatur der Entente ( - ) Erstes Kapitel Die Umwälzung der Moral vor und in dem Kriege Sittengeschichtliche Tendenzen der Vorkriegsjahre - Wirtschaftliche, politische und erotische Frauenemanzipation - Die erotischen Typen der Vorkriegsfrau (1) [Abb.]: La belle Otero oder der Zauber des Trikots Ein Beitrag zur Vorkriegserotik Aus Hirschfeld-Spinner, "Geschlecht und Verbrechen" (1) [Abb.]: Nacktkultur in Friedenszeit - zehn Mark Strafe Photographische Aufnahme (2) [Abb.]: Frauensport und Nacktkultur im Kriege Französische karikaturistische Zeichnung von Valdés, 1918 (3) [Abb.]: Die schlafende Unschuld Psychoanalytische Zeichnung aus einem Sonderheft der Zeitschrift "Le Disque Vert" (4) [Abb.]: Die Tänzerin Gaby Deslys, die ihre Schönheit in den Dienst der Kunst und bei Kriegsausbruch in den der englischen Kriegspropaganda stellte Photographische Aufnahme (5) [Abb.]: Das Frauenideal der Vorkriegszeit Die Tänzerin Mata Hari aus Hirschfeld-Spinner, "Geschlecht und Verbrechen" (6) [Abb.]: Der Bürger: "Der nicht arbeitet, soll dafür gut essen!" Zeichnung (7) [Abb.]: Französische Postkarte als Antwort auf den bekannten "Oktoberaufruf der Dreiundneunzig" nach Kriegsausbruch Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (8) [Abb.]: Das Zuhältermotiv in der Karikatur Germania und ihr türkischer Freund, dem sie Geld zusteckt Aus einem russischen Kriegsbilderbogen Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (9) [Abb.]: Französische Frauen am Pflug Photographische Aufnahme (10) [Abb.]: Zum Thema: Krieg und Frauenemanzipation Kriegsbilderbogen "Woche", Berlin (11) [Abb.]: Das Kapital und der Krieg Zeichnung von Boris Jefimoff, Moskau (12) [Lied]: Ein vielgesungenes Pariser Couplet "Elles tiendront" von Jacques Folrey drückt diese Wahrheit auf seine Weise aus, idem es in den ersten Strophen die verschiedenen Formen verulkt, die die Erwerbstätigkeit der Frau im Frankreich der Kriegszeit annahm, um in der letzten Strophe auch gleich die politische Folgerung zu ziehen: (12) [Abb.]: Frauenarbeit im Kriege An der Granatendrehbank einer deutschen Munitionsfabrik Photographische Aufnahme (13) [Abb.]: Massage in der Vorkriegszeit Nach einem Gemälde (15) [Abb.]: Franz Joseph in der englischen Karikatur "Punch", 1916 (16) [Abb.]: Dirne und Zuhälter Rußland und Frankreich im Spiegel der Karikatur, "Muskete", August 1915 Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Frauenakt Zeichnung (17) [Abb.]: Mädchen (18) [Abb.]: Der Sündenfall Karikatur auf das russisch-französische Bündnis von C. Arnold Flugblatt der "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1916 (19) [Abb.]: Zärtliche Träume Zeichnung von Fabiano, aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1914 (20) [Abb.]: Die Ernte des Jahres 1915 Italienische Kriegskarikatur aus dem Witzblatt "L'Asino" (21) [Abb.]: Bethmann-Hollweg und die Wahrheit Politische Zeichnung (22) [Abb.]: Bad an der Seine Zeichnung von G. Léonnec, aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1914 (23) [Abb.]: Bei der Toilette Üppige Frauenschönheit vor dem Kriege Nach einem Gemälde (25) [Abb.]: "Werden Sie diskret sein?" Zeichnung (26) [Abb.]: Das Gänschen (ein verschwundener Mädchentypus) Zeichnung von A. Vallée aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1913 (27) [2 Abb.]: (1)Jochanaan tragt der Salome seinen Kopf nach Partie aus einem Fries (2)"Du mußt ihn gehen lassen, sonst heißt es gleich, du störst den Burgfrieden." Zeichnung von Th. Th. Heine, aus "Kleine Bilder aus großer Zeit" (28) Zweites Kapitel Erotik und Triebleben bei Kriegsausbruch Die Hurrabegeisterung und ihr libidinöser Hintergrund - Abschwächung oder Steigerung des Geschlechtstriebes bei Kriegsausbruch? - Der Krieg im Lichte der Soziologie und der Psychoanalyse (29) [Abb.]: "Sie müssen schon entschuldigen, seit mein Mann tauglich befunden wurde, läuft er tagsüber nackt herum" Zeichnung von M. Rodiguet in "Le Rire rouge", 1917 (29) [Abb.]: Ausmarsch Zeichnung von B. Wennerberg, aus "Simplicissimus", 1915 (30) [Abb.]: Europa auf dem wilden Stier Zeichnung (31) [Abb.]: Das patriotische Lied Zeichnung von A. Roubille in "Fantasio", 1914 (32) [Abb.]: Das Herz der Dame "Schick' den Kriegskrüppel um Gotteswillen fort. Ist es nicht genug, daß ich die ganze Nacht auf einem Kriegswohltätigkeitsball getanzt habe?" Zeichnung von A. Mazza, Milano ( - ) [Abb.]: Die Pariser Börse am Tage der Kriegserklärung Photographische Aufnahme (33) [Abb.]: Eine englische Reservistenfamilie oder eine Kriegslaokoongruppe mit den "Putties" (Wickelgamaschen) statt Schlangen Zeichnung von Townsend, "Punch", 1915 (34) [2 Abb.]: "Kopflose Maßnahmen des Publikums. - (1)Masseneinkauf von Mehl. - (2)Ansturm von unnötigerweise beunruhigten Sparern auf die Städtischen Sparkasse in Berlin" Zwei Bilder, die knapp nach Kriegsausbruch mit diesem Text in mehreren Blättern erschienen. Aus "Ill. Zeitung", Leipzig. 1914 (35) [Abb.]: Die Freiwilligen Holzschnitt (36) [Abb.]: Gewissen 1917 Holzschnitt von Franz Masereel, aus "Politische Zeichnungen", Erich Reiß-Verlag, Berlin (37) [Abb.]: Kriegsbegeisterung auch in Moskau? Photographische Aufnahme (38) [Abb.]: "Schwören wir, meine Damen, daß wir keinen Mann heiraten, der lebend aus dem Krieg zurückkommt!" "La Baionnette", 1916 (39) [Abb.]: Englisches Phlegma "Du mußt in den Krieg - und das Kind ist auf dem Wege." "Bis es heiratet, hoffe ich zurück zu sein." Zeichnung von R. C. Ventura, aus der italienischen Kriegsmappe "Gli Unni e gli altri" (41) [Abb.]: Die Gesundbeter oder die K. V.-Maschinen Zeichnung (42) [Abb.]: Die Menschen und der Krieg Holzschnitt von Franz Masereel, aus "Politische Zeichnungen", Erich Reiß-Verlag, Berlin (43) [Abb.]: Kriegsfreundliche Massenkundgebung vor dem Schloß in Berlin Photographische Aufnahme (44) [Abb.]: Die Pariser Schauspielerin Mlle. Delysia singt in London in einer Revue die Marseillaise Photo Wrather and Buy (45) [Abb.]: Einerseits um die Mannschaft bei guter Laune zu erhalten, andererseits um die Frauen mehr in den Dienst des Vaterlands zu stellen, wurde in den französischen Kasernen die Besuchszeit über Nacht ausgedehnt. Aus "Der Faun", Wien, 1916 (46) [Abb.]: Der heilige Krieg Holzschnitt von Franz Masereel, aus "Politische Zeichnungen", Erich Reiß-Verlag, Berlin (47) [Abb.]: Hurra, der Krieg ist da! Photographische Aufnahme (48) [Abb.]: Das Gespenst des Krieges Zeichnung (49) [Abb.]: Erschießung eines russischen Kriegsdienstverweigerers Aus "Geschichte der russischen Revolution", Neuer Deutscher Verlag, Berlin (50) Drittes Kapitel Die Dame in der Loge Geht der Kampf um sie? - Ihr Sadismus und ihre Kraftanbetung - Uniformfetischismus - Die Dame als Mittel der Kriegspropaganda, als Kriegshetzerin und Pflegerin - Die Kriegsmode und ihr erotischer Hintergrund (51) [Abb.]: Der hohe Damenstiefel als Fetisch Zeichnung von G. Zórád im ungarischen Witzblatt "Fidibusz", 1918 (51) [Abb.]: Der Brief des Poilu: "Ich sehe Sie vor mir, wie Sie, jeder Zoll eine Frau, in duftiger Mousseline einherschweben." Zeichnung von Ed. Touraine in "La Baionnette", 1915 (52) [Abb.]: Ein frommer Wunsch deutscher Modeschöpfer: Die militarisierte Damenmode Aus "Elegante Welt", 1915 (53) [Abb.]: Die versuchte Militarisierung der Frauentracht Modebild aus "Elegante Welt", 1915 (54) [Abb.]: Die Kraftanbetung der Frau (Bizepsfetischismus) Photographische Aufnahme (55) [Abb.]: Die Dame im Werbedienst Die englische Schauspielerin Miss Lorraine hält im Dienste der englischen Rekrutierung eine Ansprache Photographische Aufnahme (56) [Abb.]: Von allen beneidet, stolziert die Französin am Arm ihres Helden durch die Pariser Straßen Zum Kapitel: Heldenverehrung der Frau Zeichnung von Fabiano in "La Baionnette", 1915 (57) [Abb.]: Stacheldrahtkrinoline 1916 Die Kriegsmode in der englischen Karikatur Aus "London Mail" (58) [Abb.]: Der Frühling kommt schon als Soldat Zeichnung (59) [Abb.]: Die deutsche Sängerin im Spiegel der französischen Karikatur Zeichnung (60) [Abb.]: Die Kriegskrinoline "Lustige Blätter", 1916 (61) [Abb.]: Die Pariser und die Berliner Mode Französische Karikatur (62) [Abb.]: Am Morgen vor dem Abmarsch Zeichnung (63) [Abb.]: Derby braucht Soldaten "Mister Tomson zum Militär? Ausgeschlossen! Bereits von mir assentiert!" Kriegflugblatt der "Liller Kriegszeitung" (64) [Gedicht]: Auch hier wendet sich der Dichter Harold Begbie an den Drückeberger, den es allerdings im eigentlichen Sinne in England damals nicht gab, da der Eintritt in die Armee freiwillig erfolgte: (64) [Abb.]: Marianne empfängt ihren Sieger Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Beitrag zur Vermännlichung der Frau im Kriege Pariser Theaterreklame aus dem Jahre 1916 Aus der Sammlung des Archives photographiques d'Art et d'histoire, Paris (65) [Abb.]: "Du bist nicht mehr freiwillige Pflegerin?" - "Nein, warum auch? Mein Bild als Rote-Kreuz-Schwester ist ja in der 'Illustrierten' schon erschienen." Zeichnung von E. A. Lamm in "Muskete", 1915 (66) [Abb.]: In allen Ländern träumen junge Mädchen von Uniformen Zeichnung von Fabiano in "La Baionnette", 1915 (67) [Abb.]: "Warum spazierst du im Evakostüm herum?" "Mein Schneider ist eingerückt" Zeichnung von G. Hantot in "Le Rire rouge" (68) [Abb.]: "So verliert man den Krieg daheim" Englische Propagandazeichnung gegen die Putzsucht und Kaufwut der Dame Aus "Punch", 1917 (69) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Ist mein Rock zu kurz? Ist mein Jupon zu lang?" Englische Modekarikatur aus "London Mail", 1916 (2)Politische Karikatur (70) [Abb.]: Die Frau als Werbemittel auf einem amerikanischen Kriegsanleiheplakat Sammlung Wolff, Leipzig (71) [Abb.]: Titelvignette aus der Zeitschrift "La Baionnette" (72) [Abb.]: Sie schreibt an die Front: "Mein lieber Mann, du kannst dir denken, wie sehr ich alle Leiden und Entbehrungen mit dir teile." Zeichnung (73) [Abb.]: Madelaine ohne Pariser Mode "Eigentlich gar nicht so übel, diese neue deutsche Tracht!" Kriegsflugblatt der "Liller Kriegszeitung" (74) [Abb.]: Wie die Mode des Highlanders die der Pariserin beinflußt und umgekehrt Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1915 (75) [Abb.]: Inserat, das in zahlreichen deutschen Blättern nach Kriegsausbruch erschien "Leipzig Ill. Zeitung", 1914 (76) [Abb.]: Junge Mädchen führen in London Freiwillige zum Rekrutierungsamt Photographische Aufnahme (77) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Die neuen Zeppelinmodelle sind eingetroffen" Französische Karikatur auf die Kriegsmode Aus "La Baionnette", 1914 (2)Was der Schlitzrock verrät Die Dame meint, man brauche den Stoff für die Soldaten Aus den italienischen Witzblatt "L'Asino", 1915 (78) [Abb.]: "Und wenn der Krieg noch so lange dauert, noch weiter und noch kürzer darfst du die Röcke nicht tragen." Zeichnung (79) [Abb.]: Die deutsche Frau in der französischen Kriegskarikatur Zeichnung von Brunner, aus "La Baionnette", 1914 (80) [Abb.]: Feldpostalisches "Ein Fünfkilopaket möchte ich sein und mich per Feldpost als Liebesgabe versenden lassen!" Zeichnung von E. H. Lamm, "Muskete", 1914 ( - ) [Abb.]: "Bitte, erzählen Sie doch, was war also das Schrecklichste, was Sie draußen erlebt haben?" Zeichnung von Th. Th. Heine, aus "Kleine Bilder aus großer Zeit" (81) [Abb.]: Der Urlauber nach der Ankunft in München: "Da sieht man gleich, daß hier fleischloser Tag ist." "Soldatenzeitung im Schützengraben" das bayr. Ers.-I.-R. Nr. 1, 1916 (82) [Abb.]: Zeichnung von Carlègle in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (Text verdeutscht) (83) [Abb.]: "Ich lese die Blätter und kann mir recht gut vorstellen, wie schrecklich es an der Front zugehen muß." Die auf dem Bilde ersichtlichen Blätter sind Modezeitschriften Zeichnung von Maurice Motet in "La Baionnette", 1914 (84) [Abb.]: In England versuchte man, aus patriotischen Sparsamkeitsgründen eine Einheitstracht für Frauen (standard dress) einzuführen. Mit welchem Erfolge, zeigt diese Karikaturreihe aus "Punch", 1915 (85) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der "Schuhliebhaber" auf Urlaub Französische Karikatur auf den durch die Kriegsmode anscheinend sehr begünstigten Stiefelfetischismus (2)Eine Kriegstrauung Zeichnung von Th. Th. Heine, aus "Kleine Bilder aus großer Zeit" (86) Viertes Kapitel Die Kriegerfrau auf dem Leidenswege Mannesarbeit und Vermännlichung - Kriegstrauungen - Die Unsittlichkeit der Kriegerfrau - Ehebruch, Selbstmord und andere Psychosen - Die Gefangenenliebe - Enthaltsamkeit und ihre Folgen (87) [Abb.]: Gretchen, vom Geist der Pariser Mode verlassen Zeichnung von Georges Pavis in "Fantasio", 1914 (87) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Gnädige Frau, ich muß Ihnen dasselbe sagen, was unserer Armee nachgerühmt wird: Sie sind ungeschwächt aus dem Kriege hervorgegangen." Zeichnung von Jean Plumet in "Le Rire", 1918 (2)"Was tätest du, wenn ich meine beiden Beine verlöre?" "Ich würde dir einen hübschen Wagen mit Kautschukrädern kaufen." Zeichnung von Laforge in "Le canard enchaîné", 1916 (88) [Abb.]: Aus dem täglichen Leben der Kriegerfrau Photographische Aufnahme (89) [Abb.]: 1915: Die Pariserin ist noch Hausfrau Französisches Plakat von A. Willette Aus dem Archiv des französischen Kriegsministeriums (90) [Abb.]: Der Urlauberzug Zeichnung von Louis Icart in "Fantasio", 1917 (91) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Büromädchen im Kriege Der Chef: "Schön, daß Sie endlich doch kommen, wir erwarten Sie schon seit Bürobeginn." "Punch", 1916 (2)Die Damen: "Bitte, wir möchten heute wieder einen Verwundeten spazieren führen, aber einen, dem man auch ansieht, daß er verwundet ist." "Punch", 1915 (92) [Abb.]: Zeichnung von Carlègle in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (Text verdeutscht) (93) [Abb.]: Humoristische Feldpostkarte (94) [Abb.]: "Andere Zeiten, Kinder, wer von euch erinnert sich eigentlich noch daran, daß man einmal Tango gelernt hat?" Zeichnung von B. Wennerberg in "Simplicissimus", 1914 (95) [2 Abb.]: (1)Eine Jux-Postkarte aus der Kriegszeit vielleicht zum Beweise der vielgerühmten Verfeinerung des Liebeslebens im Kriege erzeugt Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Der Zivilist Zeichnung von F. Reynolds in "Punch", 1915 (96) [Abb.]: Uniformfetischismus "Zieh dich nicht aus, die Uniform kleidet dich so gut ." Zeichnung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: Der Urlauber (1)Endlich! (2)Schon? Zeichnung von Fabiano in "Fantasio", 1915 (97) [Abb.]: Wiedersehen in Paris Aus "Vie de Garnison" (98) [Abb.]: Arbeiterin in einer französischen Munitionsfabrik Photographische Aufnahme (99) [2 Abb.]: (1)Geteiltes Leid Die Frau des Mannes, der einen Arm verlor, hat sich alle Zähne ziehen lassen Deutschfeindliche Hetzkarikatur aus der französischen Zeitschrift "Fantasio", 1915 (2)"Wohnt hier Fräulein Odette?" "Sie ist nicht mehr hier, aber wenn Sie im zweiten Stock bei Fräulein Clara anläuten, ist es dasselbe." Zeichnung von Forton in "Vie de Garnison", 1915 (100) [Abb.]: Musterung der Fünfzigjährigen Zeichnung (101) [Abb.]: Die "Heldenverehrung" der Französin Titelblatt einer französischen Zeitschrift (102) [Abb.]: Die Beute des Schattens Zeichnung von Zyg. Brunner in "La Vie Parisienne" (103) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der rationierte Kuß Scherzpostkarte der Deutschmeister Witwen- und Waisenstiftung Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Französische "Vorstöße" im Elsaß Zeichnung von Rodiguet in "Le Rire" (104) [Abb.]: Die Briefträgerin Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (105) [Lied]: Verdeutscht lautet die erste Strophe: (106) [Abb.]: Der neue große Freund aus dem wilden Westen und die kleine Pariserin Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (106) [Abb.]: Die Witwen Zeichnung (107) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Melanie, also das ist Ihr Mann, der von der Front kommt? Gestern war er doch noch glattrasiert." Zeichnung von Laforge in der französischen Frontzeitung "Le canard enchaîné, 1916 (2)Die Schamhafte "Sie dürfen mich ausziehen, aber ich verbiete Ihnen, mich mit den Augen zu entkleiden." Aus "Vie de Garnison", 1915 (108) [Abb.]: Einzug österreichisch-ungarischer Kavallerie in Lublin Überall Frauenhuld als Siegerlohn Zeichnung (109) [Abb.]: "Armes Kind! Haben Sie wenigstens den Vater verständigt?" "Ja, ich habe an alle beide geschrieben." Zeichnung von A. Guillaume in "Le Rire rouge", 1917 (110) [Abb.]: Milderungsrund: "Es ist wahr, ich habe dieses Jahr drei Männer ruiniert; aber zwei davon waren Heereslieferanten." Zeichnung von K. A. Wilke in "Muskete", Wien 1915 (111) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Der gnädige Herr hatte nur eine Stunde Ausgang und konnte auf Madame nicht warten - so ist es geschehen." Zeichnung von Laforge in der französischen Frontzeitung "La canard enchaîné", 1916 (2)Hektographierte Postkarte aus den Zeiten der Fleischnot Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (112) [Abb.]: Frohes Erwachen Zeichnung von Georges Barbier, "La vie Parisienne", 1918 ( - ) [Abb.]: Stadt und Land Der Künstler und das Dorfmädchen vor und in dem Kriege Englische Karikatur in "Punch", 1917 (113) [Abb.]: Die Geschlechtsnot der Kriegerfrau in der Karikatur "Erinnerung an seinen Fronturlaub" Zeichnung von H. Gerbault in "Fantasion", 1916 (114) [Abb.]: Die Französin im Kriege Munitionserzeugerin, Feldarbeiterin und Hausfrau Plakat von Capon, aus der Sammlung der Archives Photographiques, Paris (115) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Kellnerin Französische Karikatur (2)In Aktion Zeichnung aus "Drahtverhau", Schützengrabenzeitung des bayr. Landwehr-Inf.-Regiments Nr. 1 (2. Jahrg.) (116) [Abb.]: "Na, Kleener, woll'n wa Briedaschaft trinken?" Zeichnung von F. Jüttner in "Lustige Blätter", 1916 (117) [Abb.]: Straßenbahnschaffnerin in Paris Photographische Aufnahme (118) [Abb.]: Der Liebeshunger der Kriegerfrau Wie es einem "Herrn in den besten Jahren", einem kriegsdienstuntauglichen Friedensveteranen, im Hinterland ergeht Aus "Muskete", Wien 1915 (119) [2 Abb.]: (1)Liebe und Kitsch sind unsterblich Ein typisches Erzeugnis der deutschen Kriegspostkartenindustrie Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Mimi Ponson im Kriege "Ich bin eine alte Baronin und bitte Sie, fünf Francs von mir anzunehmen." Zeichnung von Synave, Paris 1916 (120) [Abb.]: Die Schaffnerin in Paris "Ich wollt', mein Mann wär' schon zu Hause!" "Damit er sie ablöst?" "Nein, damit er auf die Kinder aufpaßt." Zeichnung von Armengol, Paris 1916 (121) [2 Abb.]: Die Kriegsliebe als Anlaß zum Jux Zwei Postkarten aus Kriegszeit Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (122) [Abb.]: Ehrenbezeigung mit Hindernissen Zeichnung von E. Morrow in "Punch", 1916 (123) [Abb.]: Die Frau des Eingerückten zum Schwager: "Massier' mir die Beine, Stefan, sie tun mir weh." Zeichnung (124) [Abb.]: Die Frühmassage der Frau k. u. k. Oberstleutnant Zeichnung (125) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der volkstümliche Kriegskitsch Mit solchen und ähnlichen Postkarten wurde Deutschland im Krieg überschwemmt Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Sie schickt den Feldpostbrief an den Mann ab Zeichnung von G. Zórád in "Fidibusz", Budapest 1916 (126) [Abb.]: Berlin im Kriege: Das Urteil des Paris Zeichnung von Hans Baluschek in "Wieland", 1915 (127) [Abb.]: Die vielseitige Französin zur Kriegszeit als Polizistin, Kellnerin, Chauffeuse, Bürochefin, Minister, Inkassantin, Schaffnerin und sogar als Soldatin Zeichnung von Fabiano in "La Baionnette", 1915 (128) [4 Abb.]: Zweierlei Maß (1)"Mit der Taschen können S' net mitfahr'n mei Liabe." (2)"Aber Fräul'n, Platz gnua, dö Herrn rucken scho a wengerl z'samm." (3)"Komplett! hat's g'sagt?" (4)"Nur einsteig'n, Herr Kop'rol, die Damen werd'n scho a bisserl Platz machen." Zeichnungen von Franz Wacik, "Muskete", 1915 ( - ) [Abb.]: Der Notar eines ungarischen Dorfes zur Kriegerfrau: "Sträuben Sie sich nicht, sonst kriegen Sie keine Unterstützung mehr!" Zeichnung (129) [12 Abb.]: (1)1. Die tugendhafte Gisela wird Krankenschwester (2)2. Ihre leichtfertige Cousine fährt an die Riviera (3)3. Gisela widmet ihre bescheidenen Ersparnisse den Armen und Darbenden (4)4. Sidonie aber tanzt mit Neutralen auf heimlichen Bällen (5)5. Gisela war eine sparsame gute Hausfrau (6)6. Sidonie verbrachte die Zeit in Champagnergelagen mit Drückebergern (7)7. Gisela strickt Strümpfe für die braven Soldaten (8)8. Sidonie verbringt die Nachmittage in Absteigequartieren (9)9. Gisela wird belohnt durch die Heirat mit einem tapferen Offizier (10)10. Sidonie wicht der Versuchung des Geldes und heiratet ohne Liebe einen alten Munitionsfabrikanten . (11)11. Gisela, eine mustergültige Französin, erlebte die Freuden des glücklichen Heimes bei ihrem Gatten, dem sie viele Kinder schenkte (12)12. . der erwischte sie dann in flagranti, noch dazu mit einem Zivilisten, und schickte sie zum Teufel Zeichnung von Georges Barbier in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (130) [2 Abb.]: (1)Auch die Lebensmittelnot wird verniedlicht Originalpostkarte aus dem Kriegsjahr, 1916 Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Hamstererlebnisse Postkarte aus der großen Zeit Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (132) [Abb.]: Durchhalten auch in Frankreich "Meine Frau kann Ihnen bestätigen, daß ich keinen Augenblick wankend geworden bin." Zeichnung von Hérouard in "La Baionnette", 1915 (133) [Abb.]: Die öffentliche Ruhe in schönen Händen Französische Karikatur aus dem Jahre 1917 (134) [2 Abb.]: (1)Not und Verwahrlosung Kriegspostkarten können mitunter auch die Wahrheit sagen Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Kriegstrauung Farbige Kitschpostkarte aus der Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (135) [Gedicht]: Und so wollen wir dieses Kapitel der Leidensgeschichte der Frau im Kriege mit einer Dichtervision, der "Phantasie für übermorgen" von Erich Kästner, schließen: (136) Fünftes Kapitel Erotik in der Krankenpflege Sexuelle Neugier, Schaulust, Koprolagnie und Sadismus der Pflegerin - der Lazarettdienst als Mittel - Der schlechte Ruf der Pflegerin - Frauenbesuche im Schützengraben (137) [Abb.]: Die Krankenschwester im Offiziersspital Zeichnung (137) [Abb.]: Das Sportgirl als Krankenschwester Zeichnung von Fabiano in "Fantasio", 1915 (138) [6 Abb.]: Pariser Schauspielerinnen als Krankenschwestern (1)Mlle Colibri vom Théátre des Capucines (2)Madame Simone Damanry von der Comédie Française (3)Mlle. Phryne von der Comédie Royale (4)Mlle. Paulette Delbaye von der Olympia (5)Madame Villeroy-Got vom Théâtre de l'Odéon (6)Madame Mars Pearl von der Olympia Die Wohltätigkeit ist überaus kleidsam (139) [Abb.]: Die Sadistin sieht gerne Blut und ist eine ausgezeichnete Operationsschwester Zeichnung (140) [Abb.]: Der schöne Mann ohne Gesicht Karikatur von C. Hérouard in "La Vie Parisienne", 1918 (141) [Abb.]: Französische Pflegerinnen beim Empfang eines Verwundetentransportes Photographische Aufnahme aus "La France Héroique" (142) [Abb.]: Aus dem Lazarett zum Altar Sentimentale Karikatur auf die Heiratslust der Pflegerin Zeichnung von Fournier in "La Baionnette", 1918 (143) [Abb.]: Verwundetenkultus Französische Postkarte, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (144) [Abb.]: 1915 "Mir scheint, ich habe Sie schon irgendwo gesehen." - "Möglich, früher war ich nämlich Tänzerin." Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Amor im Lazarett Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1915 (145) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die wohltätige Dame im Lazarett "Also los, erzählen Sie ausführlich alles." "Punch", 1916 (2)Eine österreichische Erzherzogin als Krankenschwester Photographische Aufnahme (146) [Abb.]: Flirt im Etappenlazarett Zeichnung von E. Miarko in "Fantasio", 1915 (147) [Abb.]: Lazarettromantik "Ja, er hat zwei Kugeln in den Kopf bekommen." "Und wie viele Pfeile ins Herz?" Zeichnung von L. Icart in "La Baionnette", 1914 (148) [Abb.]: Der Rekonvaleszent Zeichnung aus der "Ill. Zeitung", Leipzig, 1916 (149) [Abb.]: Das Reservelazarett Karikatur auf die Pflegerinnenspielerei der vornehmen französischen Gesellschaft Zeichnung (150) [Abb.]: "Und da sagt man noch, der Krieg wäre furchtbar." Zeichnung von R. Pallier in "La Baionnette", 1915 (151) [Lied]: In Ungarn war ein im Krieg entstandenes Volkslied über den mehr als zweifelhaften Ruf der Pflegerinnen verbreitet. Es lautet in deutscher Übersetzung etwa: (151) [Abb.]: "Herr Stabsarzt, was machen wir mit der neuen Schwester?" "Geben wir sie zur Wäscheverwaltung, es ist immer besser, ein junges Mädchen hat mit Hemden ohne Männer als mit Männer ohne Hemden zu tun." Aus "Le Rire rouge", 1916 (152) [2 Abb.]: (1)Mode 1914 (2)Mode 1915 Die Pflegerinnentracht für die einzige kleidsame und zeitgemäße zu erklären, lag nahe. Ebenso nahe lag der Mißbrauch, der mit ihr getrieben wurde. Zeichnungen von Charles Rousiel in "Fantasio" 1915 (153) [Abb.]: Die Schwester wird auch angehimmelt, sonst aber gewöhnlich als Heiratsspekulantin oder Dirne hingestellt Englische Postkarte, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (154) [Abb.]: Aufmarsch amerikanischer Pflegerinnen in New York vor dem Präsidenten Wilson Photographische Aufnahme (155) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Du kannst unmöglich zurück an die Front, Sidi - deine Zunge ist ganz weiß" Französische Postkarte, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Wandzeichnung aus einem Wiener Reservespital (156) [Abb.]: Das Leben im Spital. Die einen haben Besuch, an die anderen denkt niemand Zeichnung von A. Miarko in "Fantasio", 1916 (157) [Abb.]: Seine tiefste Wunde Lazarettliebschaften und kein Ende "Fantasio", 1916 (158) [Abb.]: Ruhm, Elend, Eitelkeit, Laus und Uniform werden billig abgegeben Ausverkauf wegen Kriegsschluß Zeichnung von G. Pavis in "Le Rire rouge", 1919 (159) [Abb.]: Englisch-französischer Unterricht in einem Park Zeichnung von Fabiano in "Fantasio", 1915 (160) [2 Abb.]: Der Soldat und das Korsett (1)Einst: eine Festung (2)Jetzt: ein Fähnchen Zeichnung von C. Hérouard, "La vie Parisienne", 1918 ( - ) [Abb.]: Aus einem Plakat für französisches Aspirin (Frankreich hat im Kriege versucht, dieses beliebte Heilmittel deutscher Herkunft durch französische Produkte zu ersetzen) Zeichnung (161) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das russische Kriegslazarett in Paris Originalphoto aus der Sammlung des Archives photographiques d'art et d'histoire, Paris (2)Französische Verwundete auf einem deutschen Verbandplatz Zeichnung von E. Limmer in "Ill. Zeitung", Leipzig 1914 (162) [2 Abb.]: (1)Einst (2)Jetzt Die kleinen Freuden des großen Krieges Zeichnung von A. Guillaume in "Fantasio", 1916 (163) [Abb.]: Französisches Propagandaplakat zur Verherrlichung des amerikanischen Roten Kreuzes (164) [6 Abb.]: Straf- und Lohnsystem beim Frauenregiment (1)Für kleine Verfehlungen: ein Tag Frisurverbot (2)Die Chargen: ein Volant, zwei Volants, drei Volants (3)Bei Insubordination: zwei Tage ohne Spiegel (4)Eine Auszeichnung: Flirtbewilligung (5)Die strengste Strafe: Redeverbot (6)Für besondere Verdienste: einwöchiger Urlaub für den Freund im Feld Zeichnung von Valdès in "La Vie Parisienne", 1916 (165) [Abb.]: Verwundeter (166) [Abb.]: Gratulanten zum Geburtstag des kleinen Leutnants Von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, gefällt sich die Kriegskarikatur in der Verniedlichung der Dinge Zeichnung von A. Aubry in "Fantasio", 1916 (167) [Abb.]: Musterung der allerjüngsten Jahrgänge in Berlin Karikatur von R. Cartier in "Le Rire rouge", 1914 (168) Sechstes Kapitel Schützengrabenerotik Diskussion über die Unschädlichkeit der Abstinenz - Stahlbad der Nerven? - Liebesgaben, Feldpostbriefe und die Sitte der Marrainnen - Die Wege der Ersatzbefriedigung: Onanie, erotische Lieder, obszöne Bilder und Gegenstände, pornographische Lektüre, Träume - Tätowierung - Die Analerotik der Soldaten - Sodomie - Enthaltsamkeitsfolgen: Das Erlöschen des Geschlechtstriebes (169) [Abb.]: Das pornographische Bild im Schützengraben Zeichnung (169) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das dankbare Hinterland Zeichnung von Hérouard in "Fantasio", 1916 (2)Inserat eines Pariser Vergnügungslokales, das sich an das dankbare Publikum der Marrainen und ihrer Patenkinder wendet (170) [Abb.]: Liebe an der Front Phantasie eines französischen Malers. Man beachte die übergroße phallische Darstellung des ganz überflüssig im Bilde stehenden Fesselballons. Ein beliebtes Motiv pornographischer Frontbilder Zeichnung von Louis Icart in "Fantasio" (171) [Abb.]: Urlauber Zeichnung von G. Redon in "Fantasio", 1916 (172) [2 Abb.]: (1)Sexualnot beschmiert die Wände Von Russen verlassene, mit erotischen Bildern bemalte Hausruine in Russisch-Polen Photographische Aufnahme (2)Der Traum des Poilu Erotische Schützengrabenzeichnung eines französischen Soldaten Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (173) [Abb.]: Christnacht im Feld Zeichnung von E. Halonze (174) [Abb.]: "Einst ging ich um diese Zeit auf die Hirschjagd" Zeichnung von G. Pavis aus "Le Rire rouge" (175) [Abb.]: Ehrenwache Zeichnung aus "Vie de Garnison", 1915 (176) [Gedicht]: Aus der "Liller Kriegszeitung" sei hier ein populärer "Stoßseufzer aus dem Schützengraben" und die Antwort darauf wiedergegeben: (176) [Abb.]: Der Traum von Liebe und Vaterland Zeichnung ( - ) [2 Abb.]: (1)Erotische Phantasie Schützengrabenzeichnung eines französischen Soldaten Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (2)"Wenn du von Frauen sprichst, denke an deine Mutter, deine Schwester, deine Braut und du wirst keine Dummheiten reden" Französisch-amerikanisches Plakat gegen die Zoten Archives photographiques d'art et d'histoire, Paris (177) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die Menschen und der Krieg Vaterstolz Holzschnitt (178) [Abb.]: Stilleben nach der Marneschlacht Photographische Aufnahme (179) [2 Abb.]: (1)Ankündigung eines Briefstellers für Marrainen und ihre Patenkinder Aus der Zeitschrift "La Baionnette", 1915 (2)Sein erster Abend daheim Zeichnung von Hérouard in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (180) [Abb.]: Der galante Maler als Patriot Zeichnung von Carlègle in, "La Vie Parisienne" (Text verdeutscht) (181) [Abb.]: Der Stern, der nachts über dem Graben leuchtet Französische Postkarte (182) [Abb.]: Ankunft des Urlaubers Nach einem Gemälde (183) [Abb.]: (1)"Klar zum Gefecht" Zeichnung von G. Pavis in "Fantasio", 1917 (2)Der vom Maschinengewehr: "Was? Du stehst schon auf?" Sie: "Ja, ich erkläre mich kampfunfähig." Zeichnung von Duluard in "Le Rire rouge", 1916 (184) [Abb.]: Die Blume aus dem Feldpostbrief Zeichnung von A. E. Marty in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (185) [2 Abb.]: (1)Côte d'azur und Kote 304 "Die Jungens gehen ins Bad und wir ins Stahlbad" Zeichnung von R. Jouan in "Le Rire rouge", 1918 (2)"Das zerbrochene Bett" oder "Morgenidyll im Heim des Urlaubers" Zeichnung von J. Mirandes in "Le Rire rouge", 1918 (186) [Abb.]: Geschlechtstaufe vor dem Abmarsch Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (187) [Abb.]: Eine Manikure im Schützengraben Englische photographische Karikatur auf Damen der Gesellschaft, die sich zur Krankenpflege drängen Aus "Puck", 1915 (188) [Lied]: Ein bayrisches Soldatenlied lautet: (188) [2 Lieder]: (1)Ein anderes bekanntes "Schornsteinfegerlied" enthielt folgende zwei Strophen: (2)Im Roman "Infanterist Perhobstler" finden wir einen ebenso beliebten Vierzeiler: (189) [Abb.]: Neuer Schub von "Menschenmaterial" Zeichnung von C. Léandre in "Fantasio" (189) [Abb.]: Liebesgaben Französisches Plakat aus den Archives photographiques d'art et d'histoire, Paris (190) [2 Lieder]: (1)Das Lied bestand aus einer Unmenge Strophen, wie etwa der folgenden: (2)Gleichfalls im Roman von Infanteristen Perhobstler finden wir den Kehrreim einer Lorelei-Parodie: (190) [2 Abb.]: (1)Besuch bei der Marraine "Endlich sind Sie da. Womit könnte ich Ihnen eine Freude machen?" "Hm . mit Ihrem Stubenmädchen, wenn ich Sie bitten dürfte." Zeichnung von Jean Plumet in "Le Rire rouge", 1915 (2)Titelkopf der Speisekarte eines englisch-französischen Restaurants in Paris (191) [2 Abb.]: (1)Anzeige pornographischer und flagellantischer Bücher "für unsere Soldaten" Aus "Le Rire rouge", 1915 (2)"Der Herr muß warten. Sie sind der dreiundsiebzigste Kriegsmündel von Madame." Karikatur auf den Marraineunfug (192) [Abb.]: Freudiges Ereignis, Paris 1915 Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Der gnädige Herr hat Fronturlaub Zeichnung (193) [Abb.]: Feldpostkarte Sammlung A. Gaspar, Wien (194) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Nur sechs Tage Urlaub, Schatz! Und du möchtest doch Zwillinge haben!" Zeichnung von Djilio in "Le Rire rouge", 1915 (2)Feldpostkarte Sammlung A. Gaspar, Wien (195) [2 Abb.]: (1)Aus der Blütezeit des Preiswuchers "Hast du's gelesen? Jetzt werden auch wir unseren Preistarif sichtbar tragen müssen" Zeichnung von Rodiguet in "Le Rire rouge", 1915 (2)Auch so wird der Poilu gesehen Illustration aus dem Roman "Tout pour ça" von A. Derain (196) [Abb.]: "Sie wagen es, meinen Verwundeten zu berühren? der Marokkaner gehört mir!" Zeichnung aus "La Baionnette", 1914 (197) [2 Abb.]: (1)Das Wiedersehen Zeichnung von Fabiano in "Fantasio", 1915 (2)Im Stinkraum ist Gasmaskenprobe - Die Seewehr fühlt sich wie ein Geck. Dumpf brummelt wildes Tiergeschnobe, Nichts ist dagegen Hagenbeck. Bild und Verse aus der Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1915 (198) [Abb.]: Feldlatrinenordnung von der Westfront Aus J. C. Brunner, Illustrierte Sittengeschichte (199) [Abb.]: Die Latrine Tiefste Erniedrigung als Gegenstand humoristischer Darstellung Postkarte aus der Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (200) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Ruhig Blut, Freund! Krieg ist Krieg - wir werden uns eben ein bißchen die Köpfe einschlagen" Zeichnung von R. Pallier in "Le Rire rouge", 1917 (2)Musette lernt Englisch (201) [Abb.]: Der Marsch auf Paris Erotisch-politische Zeichnung eines deutschen Soldaten, im Schützengraben entstanden (Marne 1915) Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (202) [Abb.]: Sexuelle Symbolik im Militärleben Fesselballon, genannt Feldnülle Photograhische Aufnahme, aus der Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (203) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die ersten Äpfel des Jahres Zeichnung von H. Mirande in "Le Rire rouge", 1917 (2)Titelkopf einer Haarfetischistengeschichte in einer französischen Feldzeitung Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (204) [2 Abb.]: (1)Der Infanterist träumt Zeichnung (2)Die pikante Lektüre im Schützengraben Zeichnung (205) [Flugblatt]: Organische Bestimmungen über die Aufstellung, Organisation, den Betrieb und militärische Leitung, Unterstellung und Verwaltung von mobilen Feld- und Reserve-Freuden-häusern (Feldbordellen respektive Feldpuffs). (206) [2 Abb.]: (1)Die taktvolle Köchin Zeichnung aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (2)Nach achtzehn Monaten Eine der zahllosen Darstellungen des Märchens von Geschlechtshunger der Urlauber. (In Wirklichkeit hat die Frontabstinenz meist lähmend auf die Sexualität gewirkt.) Zeichnung von Léonnec in "Fantasio" (208) [Abb.]: Woran Tommy denkt Aquarell ( - ) [Abb.]: Marraine und Filleul Zeichnung von G. Léonnec in "La Vie Parisienne", 1918 (209) [Abb.]: Wie die Reklame den Krieg verwertet (210) [5 Abb.]: Woran sie immer denken Zeichnung von R. Prézelan in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (211) [2 Abb.]: (1)Frontpostkarte der Deutschmeister Witwen- und Waisenstiftung Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (2)Zusammenstoß des Luftschiffs "Siegfried" mit dem Vergnügungsluftschiff "Hertha I" Symbolische Illustration einer Schützengrabenzeitung Aus J. C. Brunner, Illustrierte Sittengeschichte (212) [6 Abb.]: Der Urlauber "Sag' mir, wie du deinen Urlaub verbringst, und ich sage dir, wer du bist" (1)Tommy denkt an sein Bad (2)Hermann füllt sich den Magen (3)Pietro spielt Gitarre (4)Ibrahim zeigt seine Trophäen (5)Iwan tanzt (6)Aber der Franzose denkt an Liebe Zeichnung von Zyg. Brunner in "La Vie Parisienne", 1916 (213) [Abb.]: Genrebild aus dem Frontleben Photographische Aufnahme, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (214) [Abb.]: "Eine Sitzung hinter der Front" Krieg veredelt: man sitzt dem Photographen! Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (215) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Da draußen habe ich mir's anders vorgestellt" Zeichnung von H. Baille in "Le Rire rouge", 1917 (2)Poilu auf Urlaub Zeichnung von Carlègle in "La Vie Parisienne" (216) [Abb.]: "Gott, wie dick du an der Front geworden bist!" "Nicht wahr, Schwiegermutter, und man läßt mir nur vier Tage Zeit, um bei dir abzunehmen." Zeichnung von Rodiguet in "La Baionnette", 1915 (217) [Abb.]: Scharmützel zwischen zwei Schlachten "Ja es freut einen zu sehen, daß die Pariserin noch immer lieb und nett ist" Zeichnung von R. Vincent in "La Vie Parisienne", 1918 (218) Siebentes Kapitel Die Geschlechtskrankheiten im Heer Aufklärungsunterricht und Gesundheitsvisite - Bekämpfungsversuch durch Strafen - Die Therapie und das Verschulden übereifriger Ärzte - Ausbreitung in allen Heeren (219) [Abb.]: Zigeunerfamilien in Galizien, die sich durch Kriegsprostitution ernährte Photographische Aufnahme (219) [Tabelle]: Eine kurze Zusammenstellung von Dr. Blaschko gibt uns Aufschluß über die Verbreitung der Geschlechtskrankheiten in den verschiedenen Heeren vor dem Kriege. Die Ziffern stammen zwar aus dem Jahre 1895, doch sind sie bis zum Ausbruch des Weltkrieges nur in absoluter Beziehung zurückgegangen, ihr Verhältnis zueinander ist ziemlich das gleiche geblieben. (220) [Abb.]: Verhältniszahlen über die Ansteckung von Soldaten durch Dirnen, Arbeiterinnen und Bürgerliche (220) [Abb.]: In einem französischen Bordell "Die Sittenpolizei?" - "Nein, der Kommissär möchte ein Glas Wein trinken." Zeichnung von G. Pavis in "Le Rire", 1918 (221) [Gedicht]: A. R. Meyer, der in seinen bekannten "Fünf Mysterien" den Bombenüberfall auf das Krankenhaus in Lousberg dichterisch verwertet, läßt die aus der Haft ausgebrochenen belgischen Dirnen sagen: (221) [Flugblatt]: Aus dem Arsenal des Kampfes gegen Geschlechtskrankheiten im Kriege Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (223) [Gedicht]: Es gab etliche solcher hygienisch-poetischer Produkte, von denen eines hier folgen soll: (224) [Abb.]: Auf Befehl Zeichnung ( - ) [Flugblatt]: Errichtung der Sittenmiliz in Warschau Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (225) [Abb.]: Not kennt kein Gebot Zeichnung aus dem Felde (226) [Abb.]: Scherzpostkarte aus der Kriegszeit Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (227) [Abb.]: Nachtcafé in Konstantinopel "Sag'n Se ma, Herr Kam'rad, haben Se noch mehr solche Angorakätzchen?" Zeichnung (229) [Flugblatt]: Eine vielsagende Bekanntmachung der deutschen Ortskommandantur in Bialystok Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (230) [Flugblatt]: Merkblatt für deutsche Soldaten, herausgegeben von der Sittenpolizei Lodz Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (231) [Abb.]: Die "Gießkannenparade" Zeichnung von L. Gedö, 1916 (233) [Flugblatt]: Die Offensive der Kirche gegen Unsittlichkeit und Hurerei Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (234) [Gedicht]: Wir können es uns nicht versagen, die zwei letzten Strophen des französischen Poems, das den Titel "La saucisse de Strasbourg" (Das Straßburger Würstchen) führt, hier verdeutscht wiederzugeben: (236) [4 Abb.]: Was nach Kriegsrecht verboten ist (1)Auf die weiße Fahne zu schießen (2)Das rote Kreuz nicht zu achten (3)Verträge zu vernichten (4)Die Neutralität zu mißbrauchen Aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (237) [Abb.]: Karikatur von Karl Arnold in "Simplicissimus", 1915 (238) [Lied]: So wurde im besetzten Gebiet ein Gassenhauer gesungen: (239) [Abb.]: Liebeszauber in der Etappe Zeichnung (239) [Abb.]: Schützengrabenphantasie eines französischen Soldaten Unterschrift: "On a tué mon ami" (Mein Freund getötet) (Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht) ( - ) [Abb.]: Auch eine Musterung Aus dem Leben in der galizischen Etappe Zeichnung (241) [Flugblatt]: Eine Revanche-Kundmachung der französischen Besatzungsbehörden im Rheinland nach Kriegsende Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (242) [Abb.]: Wo sie sich die Seuche holten Zeichnung aus dem Skizzenbuch des Kriegsteilnehmers J. K. (243) [Abb.]: Soldatenliebchen Zeichnung (244) [Abb.]: "Anale" Feldpostkarte aus dem Krieg Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (245) [2 Abb.]: (1)Im Estaminet Aus der deutschen Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1916 (2)Kirchgang in Flandern Zeichnung von P. Meyer in "Kriegsflugblätter der Liller Kriegszeitung" (247) [Abb.]: Französisches Zeitungsinserat mit der Anpreisung von Heilmitteln gegen Geschlechts- und Harnröhrenkrankheiten für Soldaten (248) [Gedicht]: Der ungarische Lyriker Andreas Ady, in dessen Adern luetisches Blut rann, schrieb beim Ausbruch des Krieges: (248) Achtes Kapitel Die Weiblichen Soldaten des Weltkrieges Russische Kriegerinnen - Die Frauenbataillone Kerenskis - Die Serbin im Kriege - Die Kriegshetze der Engländerin - Verkleidete Französinnen - Versuche deutscher Frauen, sich ins Heer einzuschmuggeln - Irrtümliche Geschlechtsbestimmung - Die ukrainische und polnische Frauenlegion - Das Grab der Unbekannten Soldatin (249) [Abb.]: Die ungarische Frontkämpferin E. K. in feldmäßiger Ausrüstung Nach einer photographischen Aufnahme (249) [Abb.]: Weibliche Hilfstruppen Englands Karikaturistische Zeichnung von Fred Hendrich in "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1916 (251) [Abb.]: Bolschewistische Propagandablätter für die deutsche Front 1917/18 (252) [Abb.]: Ein weiblicher Soldat der russischen Roten Armee, nach ausgiebiger Schändung getötet Aus Ernst Friedrich, Krieg dem Kriege! (253) [Abb.]: Fräulein Jarema Kuz, Kadettaspirant der Ukrainer freiwilligen Ulanenschwadron im österreich-ungarischen Heere Photographische Aufnahme (255) [Abb.]: Schützengrabenzeichnung Sammlung A. Gaspar, Wien (256) [Abb.]: Erotik im Proviantdienst Propagandaplakat der amerikanischen Heilsarmee ( - ) [Abb.]: Eine junge Österreicherin, die als Fähnrich in der polnischen Legion kämpfte, in russische Gefangenschaft fiel und ausgetauscht wurde Photographische Aufnahme (257) [Abb.]: Matrosentänzerinnen in einer französischen Etappenkneipe Zeichnung (258) [Abb.]: Wer ist der Stolz der Kompanie? Wer kennt nicht Künstler-Maxen? Er ist ein Allerwelts-Genie Und macht die tollsten Faxen. Ein Hauptspaß ist es jedesmal Als Bertha in zu sehen; Dem "drallen Meechen" kann im Saal Dann keiner widerstehen. Transvestitische Postkarte, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (259) [Abb.]: Soldatinnen der amerikanischen Heilsarmee an der Front Photographische Aufnahme (261) [Abb.]: Ukrainische Legionarinnen in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee Photographische Aufnahme (264) [Abb.]: Das Ideal des weiblichen Soldaten Französisches Wohltätigkeitsplakat von A. Willette Aus der Sammlung des Archives photographiques d'art et d'histoire, Paris (265) [Abb.]: Das letzte Aufgebot Englands Schimpfsalven der Fischweiber- und Suffragetten-Regimenter zur Abwehr von Zeppelinüberfällen Zeichnung von Blix in "Kriegsblätter des Simplicissimus" (267) [Abb.]: Etappe Gent Zeichnung (269) [Abb.]: Serbische Bäuerinnen lernen schießen Photographische Aufnahme (270) [Abb.]: "Stillgestanden!" beim Amazonenkorps Aus "Punch", 1916 (271) [Abb.]: Musterung für das russische Frauenbataillon Russische Karikatur, Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (272) [Inschrift]: Jetzt steht auf ihrem Grab ein Stein, der folgende Inschrift trägt: (272) Neuntes Kapitel Die Homosexualität im Kriege Die Kriegslust der Urninge - Kameradschaft, Freundespaare, Offizier und Diener - Feminine Urninge und Transvestiten - Damenimitatoren im Felde (273) [Abb.]: La désenchantée Transvestitisch polit. Karikatur auf Wilhelm II. Zeichnung (273) [Abb.]: Französisches Fronttheater mit Damendarsteller Aus "Fantasio", 1916 (274) [Abb.]: Das Urteil des deutschen Paris Karikatur von A. Guillaume, "Fantasio", 1915 (275) [Abb.]: Der Damenimitator im Mannschaftszimmer Zeichnung (277) [Gedicht]: Über denselben Wunsch und Drang, ins Heer zu kommen, berichtet in poetischer Form auch ein Gedicht "Die Zurückgebliebenen", dem wir folgendes entnehmen: (278) [Abb.]: Deutsche Etappe im Spiegel der französischen Karikatur Nach einem Gemälde von A. Guillaume, "Fantasio", 1915 (279) [Abb.]: Wilhelm II. im Harem Transvestitische Karikatur von Jean Veber. Erstmals erschienen in "Rire", 1898, dann in "Fantasio", 1917 neuerlich reproduziert (281) [Abb.]: Admiral von Hintze, kaiserlicher Kabinettkurator Zeichnung von A. Barrère in "Fantasio", 1916 (282) [Abb.]: Feldgraue Urninge bei einer Fronttheatervorstellung Photographische Aufnahme Aus der Sammlung des Instituts für Sexualwissenschaft, Berlin (283) [Abb.]: Szenenbild aus Shakespeares "Was Ihr wollt" in der Aufführung im Deutschen Theater in Lille Kriegsflugblätter der "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1916 (285) [Abb.]: Homosexualität in der Kaserne Zeichnung (287) [Abb.]: Heimkehr des Soldaten Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Französische Soldaten als Damenimitatoren Nach einem Aquarell Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (289) [Lied]: So finden wir in der "Mitauschen Zeitung" folgendes Totenlied: Mein Leutnant (289) [Abb.]: Theater hinter der Front "Fritz, das hast du großartig gemacht, die ganze Kompagnie hat sich in dich verliebt" Zeichnung von P. Stimmel in "Lustige Blätter", 1916 (291) [Abb.]: Französische Soldaten in Frauenkleidern Die drei Poilus sind in dieser Verkleidung aus der Gefangenschaft entflohen Aus dem Archiv des französischen Kriegsministeriums (293) [Abb.]: Soiree in Berlin Auch eine französische Kriegskarikatur (295) [Abb.]: Hinter den Kulissen des Fronttheaters Der Damendarsteller und seine Garderobière Aus "Fantasio", 1917 (297) [Abb.]: Auch die italienische Karikatur stellt feindliche Offiziere gerne als Homosexuelle dar Zeichnung aus "Gli Unni e gli altri", 1915 (299) [Abb.]: Fräulein Feldwebel Zeichnung (300) [Abb.]: "Hände hoch!" Russisch-polnische Scherzpostkarte Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (301) [Abb.]: Für ein Kommißbrot und einen Franc, Lieben wir stundenlang. Lied aus der flandrischen Etappe Zeichnung (303) [Abb.]: Die hübschen Kameraden Postkarte aus dem Jahre 1915 Sammlung Lewandowski, Utrecht (304) [Abb.]: Amerikanische Gäste in Paris Zeichnung ( - ) Zehntes Kapitel Kriegsbordelle Die bordellierte Prostitution im Felde und in der Etappe - "Schwanzparade" - Das Elend der Mannschaftsdirnen (305) [Abb.]: In einem belgischen Bordell Photographische Aufnahme Aus Friedrich Ernst, Krieg dem Kriege! (305) [Flugblatt]: Angebliche deutsche Verordnung, von den Franzosen nach Kriegsschluß mit zweizeiligem Kommentar als Flugzettel im Rheinland verbreitet Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (306) [Abb.]: Die Bordelle der verbündeten Mittelstaaten waren streng getrennt Photographische Aufnahme ("A.-I.-Z.") (307) [Abb.]: Mobiles Feld-Freudenhaus für Offiziere, in einer Art Zirkuswagen untergebracht Photographische Aufnahme ("A.-I.-Z.") (309) [Abb.]: So stellen sie sich daheim vor dem Lebensmittelgeschäft an . Zeichnung von Th. Th. Heine, aus "Kleine Bilder aus großer Zeit" (310) [Abb.]: . und so in der Etappe vor dem Bordell Holzschnitt (311) [Abb.]: Im polnischen Gouvernementsbordell Photographische Aufnahme (313) [Abb.]: Hochbetrieb im belgischen Etappenbordell Zeichnung von Heinrich Zille Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Neuen Deutschen Verlages, Berlin, aus dem Buche Heinrich Zilles "Für Alle" (314) [Abb.]: Hochbetrieb im belgischen Etappenbordell Zeichnung von Heinrich Zille Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Neuen Deutschen Verlages, Berlin aus dem Buche Heinrich Zilles "Für Alle" (315) [Abb.]: Preisverzeichnis eines Kriegsbordells (316) [Abb.]: Verstümmelter und Dirne Lithographie (317) [Lied]: Lille, wo einst Karl der Kühne bei seinem Einzug vom Spalier der nackten Jungfrauen der Stadt empfangen worden war und von dem im Weltkrieg das Liedchen gesungen wurde: (318) [Abb.]: Kriegsbordell in Mitau Photographische Aufnahme (319) [Abb.]: "Um Gottes willen, jetzt sollen nur nicht alle meine Negerin verlangen!" Zeichnung von Laforge, aus der französischen Frontzeitung "Le canard enchaîné" (320) [Abb.]: Im Etappenpuff Zeichnung ( - ) [Flugblatt]: Auch wies er auf eine gedruckte Verfügung der Kommandantur hin, aus der besonders der Punkt V augenfällig hervorleuchtet: (321) [Abb.]: Hotel Stadt Lemberg Zeichnung (321) [Abb.]: Aus Kriegsbordellen Zeichnung von George Grosz Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Fritz Gurlitt Verlages, Berlin (323) [Flugblatt]: Das Militär im Kampf gegen die Unzucht: Maueranschlag aus Grodno, 1915 Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (324) [Abb.]: Finanzielle Verhandlungen Zeichnung (325) [Abb.]: Abendidyll aus der flandrischen Etappe Schattenriß aus der Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1915 Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (326) [Abb.]: Bei der Feldbraut Frontzeichnung (327) [Abb.]: "Vorwärts, Kinder, alle müssen drankommen!" Zeichnung (329) [Abb.]: "Liebst du mich auch?" - "Ja!" - "Wie?" - "Wie deinen ganzen Jahrgang." Zeichnung von M. Motet in "Le Rire" (330) [Abb.]: "Warum hat sie nicht gewollt? Man hat ja zahlen wollen" Politische Karikatur auf die Vergewaltigung Belgiens (331) [Abb.]: Der siegreiche Ersatzreservist Zeichnung (332) [Abb.]: Sandwich pain noir Französische Etappenkarikatur von Anglay in "Fantasio". 1915 (333) [Abb.]: Der Traum von der Abrüstung Zeichnung (334) Elftes Kapitel Etappenprostitution Feldbräute in Ost und West - Liebe für ein Kommißbrot und einen Franc - Estaminets und Teestuben - Krieg, der große Galeotto (335) [Abb.]: In einer galizischen Teestube Zeichnung (335) [Abb.]: Wie er bei den Französinnen Eroberungen macht Französische Karikatur auf den deutschen Etappenoffizier (Zeichner unbekannt) (336) [Abb.]: Die rationierte Kosmetik Französische Karikatur von G. Léonnec, 1918 ( - ) [Abb.]: "Eine Heldin der Front, die kleine Modewarenhändlerin in X an der Z" Zeichnung von S. Sesboné in "Fantasio", 1916 (337) [Abb.]: Die nordfranzösische Etappe im Spiegel des deutschen Humors (339) [Abb.]: Weiblicher Hilfsdienst in dem von Russen besetzten Ostpreußen, 1914 (340) [Abb.]: Der Held vom amerikanischen Roten Kreuz Karikatur von Charles Michel in "Fantasio", 1916 (341) [Flugblatt]: Im übrigen wurden die deutschen Truppenangehörigen, die in Brüssel ankamen, am Bahnhof von einer Warnungstafel folgenden Inhalts empfangen: (342) [Abb.]: Wein, Liebe und Tabak: der Laden im zerstörten Dorf Front-Zeichnung (343) [Lied]: Henel gibt ein in Brügge entstandenes deutsches Soldatenlied wieder: (343) [Abb.]: Die Zivilarbeiterbataillone in der französischen Karikatur "Himmel, meine Töchter!" - "Bah, sie sind wie alle Französinnen - leicht zu entführen!" Zeichnung von H. Grand-Aigle "La Baionnette", 1916 (344) [Lied]: Immerhin sie hier die erste Strophe eines hübschen Liedchens wiedergegeben, das, von einem deutschen Soldaten gedichtet, in der Kriegszeitung des deutschen Marinekorps in Flandern, "An Flanderns Küste", abgedruckt wurde: (344) [Abb.]: Kriegspatin und Patenkind oder das ungleiche Paar Zeichnung von Reb in "Fantasio", 1917 (345) [Abb.]: Titelblatt einer Justament-Nummer der Geheimzeitung "La libre Belgique", die jahrelang in dem von Deutschen besetzten Belgien erschienen und eine wüste Propaganda gegen die Besetzungsbehörden entfaltete (347) [Abb.]: "Det Gequassel immer! Ick hab' hier nischt Verfiehrerisches gesehen" Aus "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1915 (348) [Abb.]: Etappenhumor Zeichnung von C. Arnold in "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1915 (349) [Abb.]: Das Seepferdchen Zeichnung (351) [Abb.]: Gefängnisstrafe für zwei Einwohner von Noyon (Nordfrankreich), die die Offiziere der Besatzungsarmee nicht grüßten Plakat, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (352) [Abb.]: Die kleine Tänzerin und der große General Bild aus der italienischen Etappe ( - ) [Abb.]: Im Nachtcafé "Hier stelle ich dir meine Milchschwester vor." "Und ich dir meinen Schnapsbruder." Zeichnung von Faye in "Vie de Garnison" (353) [Gedicht]: Nicht ohne Grund klingt im berühmten Vierzeiler der flämischen Dirnen das Lob des deutschen Kommißbrotes mit: (354) [Flugblatt]: Auch ein Beitrag zur Geschichte aller militärischen Besatzungen Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (355) [Abb.]: Im Estaminet Zeichnung eines Kriegsteilnehmers, aus J. C. Brunner, Illustrierte Sittengeschichte (358) [Abb.]: Aus dem Schwarzweißrotblauweißrotbuch: Französinnen flicken die Wäsche der deutschen Krieger Sammlung A. Wolff. Leipzig (359) [Abb.]: "Nu guck mal, also hier darf nichts ruiniert werden!" Aus "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1915 (360) [Abb.]: Der Deutsche zum geknebelten Belgien: "Wir sind die denkbar besten Freunde geworden" Politische Karikatur (361) [Flugblatt]: Dokumentarisches zur Psychologie der militärischen Besetzung Plakat, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (363) [Abb.]: "Mit Gott für Kaiser und Vaterland" Verlag Viva (364) [Abb.]: Auf der Suche nach Quartier "Mein Mann ist nicht zu Hause und ich habe nur ein Bett für mich." "Tut nichts, wir werden Sie nicht inkommodieren - wir werden eben ein wenig zusammenrücken!" Französische Frontzeichnung (365) [Abb.]: Gesicht und Gesichter der Etappe Photographische Aufnahme, Verlag Viva (366) [Abb.]: Etappe Paris Zeichnung von G. Pavis in "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (367) [Abb.]: Rumänische Familie, deren weibliche Mitglieder vom Verkauf ihrer Körper an die Soldaten der Besatzungsarmee lebten Photographische Aufnahme, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (368) [Abb.]: Das Etappenschwein . und sein Pläsierchen Zeichnung ( - ) Zwölftes Kapitel Etappenhengste und Etappenmädel Die Legende vom Front- und Etappenschwein - Die Frauen der besetzten Gebiete und die Eroberer - Belgien unter deutscher Besatzung - Zivilarbeiterbataillone - Die Hilfsdienstdamen - Frauenkrankenhäuser in der Etappe (369) [Abb.]: Aus "Galizien", ill. Beilage der Ostgalizischen Feldzeitung, 1917 (369) [Abb.]: Die Sexualnot in humoristischer Aufmachung Aus "Kriegsflugblätter der Liller Kriegszeitung" (370) [Lied]: Das Etappenschwein (370) [Flugblatt]: Wie leicht man sein Leben verwirkte Plakat aus dem besetzten Rußland Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (371) [Lied]: Nur ist hier der Gegensatz zwischen dem Wohlleben der Offiziere und dem Hundeleben der gemeinen Soldaten krasser herausgearbeitet. Eines diese Lieder lautet in wörtlicher Übersetzung: (372) [Abb.]: Eroberung hinter der Ostfront Photographische Aufnahme (373) [Abb.]: Das Mitglied der Friedenskonferenz: "Ich soll nicht freigebig sein? Soeben habe ich einem völlig Unbekannten den ganzen Libanon, Estland und die östliche Walachei geschenkt!" Zeichnung von A. Faivre in "Le Rire rouge", 1919 (374) [Abb.]: Mehr Dichtung als Wahrheit über das Leben im besetzten Feindesland Postkarte aus der Kriegszeit, Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (375) [Abb.]: Hotelhall in Brüssel Wie der französische Zeichner das Leben in der von Deutschen besetzten belgischen Hauptstadt darstellt Aus "Fantasio", 1915 (376) [Abb.]: Der Etappen-Photograph "So . bitte . jetzt! ." Aus "Simplicissimus", 1916 (377) [2 Abb.]: (1)"Schau, zehn Francs ist nicht teuer." "Ich will nicht widersprechen, aber ich habe nur 10 Centimes." Aus "Vie de Garnision", 1915 (2)Deutsche Postkarte aus dem dritten Kriegsjahr Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (378) [Brief]: Wir lassen die geheime Anweisung der Kommandantur in Lille für Suchpatrouillen, die die Aushebung in die Zivilarbeiterbataillone durchzuführen hatten, folgen: (379) [Abb.]: Liebe im französischen Unterstand Aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1917 (379) [Abb.]: Kinematographische Aufnahme aus 1001 Nacht in der Lichtstadt Aus "La Vie Parisienne", 1916 (380) [6 Abb.]: Der Krieg im Hinterland (1)Vorbereitung zur Offensive (2)Angriff mit brennbaren Flüssigkeiten (3)Der Kampfwagen (Tank) (4)Kleine Detailoperationen (5)Ein nächtlicher Gegenangriff (6)Die Nacht nach dem Sieg Zeichnung von G. Pavis in "La Vie Parisienne", 1915 (381) [Abb.]: "Was mir an Ihrem Beruf am meisten mißfällt, ist, daß Sie jede Nacht Wache schieben müssen" Zeichnung von H. Gazan in "Le Rire rouge", 1916 (382) [Abb.]: Lille, Hauptstadt der nordfranzösischen Etappe und Hauptsitz der Etappenprostitution, nach Einzug der Deutschen Photographische Aufnahme (383) [Abb.]: Flandrische Etappe in Bild und Schrift . Jedoch des Tages höchster Glanz Naht abends, wenn sie geht zum Tanz. Im "Eldorado" Walzer klingen, Matros' und Meisje Tanzbein schwingen. Aus der Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1916 (384) [Abb.]: Der Leichenzug aus Belgien Eine sehr verbreitete Propagandazeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Flandrische Etappe in Bild und Schrift . Und bist du gar ein Kavalier, Bringst du die Maid vor ihre Tür, Gibst einige "Totjes" deiner Braut, Sie ist "beschaamd en stief benouwd." Aus der Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1916 (385) [Abb.]: Italienische Postkarte zur Warnung vor Spionen Sammlung A. Wolf, Leipzig (386) [Abb.]: Aus dem Leben eines Fernsprechers Feldgrauer Humor aus "Scheinwerfer", Beilage zur Zeitung der 10. Armee (Wilna) Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (387) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kaffeehaus hinter der alliierten Front Zeichnung von R. Jouenne in "Fantasio", 1918 (2)"Das tut gut, für die kleine Französin zu kämpfen" Zeichnung von Marcel Bloch in "La Baionnette", 1915 (388) [2 Abb.]: (1)Kaffeehaus hinter der alliierten Front Zeichnung von R. Jouenne in "Fantasio", 1918 (2)"Das tut gut, für die kleine Französin zu kämpfen" Zeichnung von Marcel Bloch in "La Baionnette", 1915 (389) [Abb.]: Kriegscafé in einem ungarischen Grenzstädtchen Zeichnung (390) [Abb.]: Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung aller zu Propagandazwecken von der Entente reichlich ausgeschroteten "deutschen Greueltaten" Zeichnung von Townsend in "Punch", 1915 (391) [Abb.]: Friedliche Eroberungen in Feindesland mit Hilfe des allbeliebten Kommißbrotes Szene aus dem Film der Deutschen Universal Film A.-G. nach Remarques "Im Westen nichts Neues" (392) [Abb.]: Fest deutscher Soldaten in Flandern Das Auftreten der Schuhplattler Photographische Aufnahme (393) [Abb.]: "Mein Mann macht mir fürchterliche Szenen, obwohl ich ihm gedroht habe wegzugehen." "Droh' ihm, daß du bleibst." Zeichnung von Haye in "Vie de Garnison" (394) [Abb.]: Auskundschaftung des Terrains Zeichnung von Martin in "La Vie Parisienne", 1918 (395) [Abb.]: Das Spiel im Frauenherzen "Man nehme mehr als vier!" Französische Postkarte (396) [Abb.]: Deutsche Soldaten an einem dienstfreien Sonntag mit ihren russischen Quartierswirtinnen Photographische Aufnahme (397) [Gedicht]: so wollen wir uns von diesen Kriegsopfern mit den Worten verabschieden, die Karl Kraus ihnen in seinem grandiosen Kriegsdrama in den Mund legt: (397) [Abb.]: Soldat und Dirne Federzeichnung von Alfred Kubin Fritz Gurlitt-Verlag, Berlin (398) [Abb.]: Der Hunger zieht durch die Straßen Zeichnung aus dem besetzten Nordfrankreich (399) [Abb.]: Im Wintergarten in Berlin werden Tänzerinnen engagiert Zeichnung von A. Miarko in "Fantasio", 1915 (400) [Abb.]: Der rote Dämon der Etappe Zeichnung ( - ) [Abb.]: Ut J'hann Stuewen sin Franzosentid "Na, Madam, kokt de Kartuffel ok?" "Merci, Monsieur, je ne suis pas très bien portant." "Kick mol, dat Flesch is ok all moeer?" "Oui, oui, Monsieur, c'est la guerre, c'est un malheur." "Dat is schön, denn könn' wi ja bald wat eten." Aus "Liller Kriegszeitung", 1915 (401) [Abb.]: Die Eroberer und die Bevölkerung von Russisch-Polen Photographische Aufnahme (402) [Flugblatt]: Ein Plakat der Besatzungsbehörden in Russisch-Polen Sammlung A. Wolff, Leipzig (403) [Abb.]: Etappe Gent Zeichnung von George Grosz in "Gesicht der herrschenden Klasse", Malik-Verlag (404) [Abb.]: Englische Hilfstruppe im Nahkampf Aus einem lithographierten Heft "War and Women" (405) [Lied]: Trotzdem spricht man oft von der Flucht und neckisch singen die Frauen ein Lied, das im Krankenhaus entstanden ist: (405) [Abb.]: Kriegsromantik im Estaminet Aus der deutschen Etappenzeitung "An Flanderns Küste", 1916 (406) [Lied]: Eine Strophe einer im Hause entstandenen Chanson sagt unverblümt: (406) [Abb.]: Nachtleben in der flandrischen Etappe Nach einem Aquarell (407) [Abb.]: Gruss von der Leipziger Messe! Die grosse Mode 1919 "8 Monate nach Krieger's Heimkehr" (408) Literaturangaben (409) Einleitung, Erstes Kapitel, Zweites Kapitel (409) Drittes Kapitel (409) Viertes Kapitel (410) Fünftes Kapitel, Sechstes Kapitel (411) Siebentes Kapitel (411) Achtes Kapitel (412) Neuntes Kapitel (413) Zehntes Kapitel (413) Elftes Kapitel, Zwölftes Kapitel (414) Inhalt des ersten Bandes (415) Werbung ( - ) Einband ( - ) Einband ( - )

This book offers a contrastive, corpus-illustrated study of modal adverbs in English and Polish. It adopts a functional perspective on modal adverbs, and focuses on their interpersonal, textual and rhetorical functions in the two languages. The items under analysis (e.g. certainly, probably, evidently, clearly) are categorised differently in Anglophone and Polish linguistics, which is why this book also provides some insights into the treatment of modality and modal adverbs in English and Polish studies, thus contributing to the discussion of the ways in which such concepts as modal adverb, modal particle and discourse marker are understood across different languages and different linguistic traditions. It draws its examples from two monolingual corpora (the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish), and the English-Polish parallel corpus Paralela. ; This project is financed from the grant received from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the Regional Initiative of Excellence programme for the years 2019-2022; project number 009/RID/2018/19, the amount of funding: PLN 10 947.15. It has also received financial support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under subsidy for maintaining the research potential of the Faculty of Philology, University of Białystok. ; a.rozumko@uwb.edu.pl ; Agata Rozumko is an Assistant Professor of English and English-Polish Contrastive Linguistics in the Institute of Modern Languages at the University of Bialystok. 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Warszawa: PWN and Oxford University Press (online edition). ; Słownik Języka Polskiego vols 1-11. 1958-1969. ed. by Witold Doroszewski. Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk (online: http://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski). ; Słownik Języka Polskiego vols. 1-3. 1978-1981. ed. by Mieczysław Szymczak. Warszawa: PWN. ; Stanisławski, Jan. 1999 [1955-1964]. The Great English-Polish/Polish-English Dictionary. Warszawa: Philip Wilson. ; Uniwersalny Słownik Języka Polskiego. 2003. ed. by Stanisław Dubisz. Warszawa: PWN. ; Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego online ed. by Piotr Żmigrodzki et al. at: http://wsjp.pl. ; The British National Corpus (BNC): http://bncweb.lancs.ac.uk/ ; Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego (NKJP): http://www.nkjp.uni.lodz.pl/index_adv.jsp ; Paralela (a parallel English-Polish/Polish-English corpus): http://paralela.clarin-pl.eu/

iiirTiriTXTxnTiTirxTrrritTnrxnx-intirTTiv iimtuiminir'' mi mm 111 ill .#■-, -:- THE ~:~ Gettysburg mE^CURY. flOVEmBER, 1897. CONTENTS: Melancthon, the Scholar of Germany, Rev. F. D. Garland, A Prose Shakespeare, Rev. Edwin Heyl Delk, A. M [A Few Facts About Prehistoric California, Rev. M. H. Stine, Ph.D., IWhat is Nature, Prof. Oscar G. Klinger, A. M., INovember, lA Few Things About the Southern Negio, H. D. Shimer,. [Educational Value of Poetry Plie College Musical Organizations, Py First Smoke, Editors' Desk iAthletics |A Gettysburg Glee Book,. |The Junior Kanes, Our Exchange Table,. i Wise and Otherwise,. "■0. MILLER, PRINTER. GETTYSBURG. -^ijS«-'-^*^>"-j> R. H. REININGER, Merchant Tailor. Suits from {12,00 to {40.00, Pants from $4.00 to $12,00, The Best Work at the Lowest Prices. CENTRE SQUARE, NEXT DOOR TO POST-OFFICE-OP STAIRS, READY FOR FALL jlND WINTER, Suits to Order—Prices $12.00 to $35.00; Trousers, $2.50 to $9.00. ALL KINDS OF REPAIRING DONE. All the new effects in Check and Over Plaids you will find at THE LEADING A TAILOR, CLOTHIER & 4 \ GENTS' FURNISHER, Jtl UVCDC No. 11 Balto. St., ■ Hi HlltlfOj GETTYSBURG, PA. WJ£ Wierman, S/orM Stroet, Sroceries. EPH. H. MlNNlCH, Manufacturer, Wholesale & Retail Dealerln CONFECT10NEHY AND ICE CREAM, - the students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. Subscription price One Dollar a year in advance, single copies Fifteen cents. Sudents, Professors and Alumni are cordially invited to contribute. All subscriptions and business matter should be addressed to the Business Manager. Articles for publication should be addressed to the Editor. \ Address, The Gettysburg flercury, Gettysburg, Penna. MELANCTHON THE SCHOLAR OF GERMANY. BY REV. F. D. GARLAND '88. In the general judgment of men Philip Melancthon occupies a place among the great masters in the realm of literature. His literary fame has stood the test of time, has been tried in the fur-nace and found pure, has been weighed in the balance and has not been found wanting. We are not humiliated but are ennobled "1 offering our tribute of praise to the memory of great men like Melancthon. The remembrance of their character and achieve-ment will enrich us. No one can study the life-work and literary fame of this great scholar without being inspired to emulate his devotion to the cause of education, his zeal for the enrichment of THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. literature and his eminent labor for the public good. r. Melancthon lived at a crisis period in the history of the church and of the world. He lived in the midst of the great con-flict between liberty and despotism—a battle that was being fought for no single nation, for no single generation. The im-portance of authors like Melancthon has not always been correctly estimated. "Dante is worshipped at the grave to which he was hurried by persecution," while "Milton in his own day was the blind adder that spit his venom on the king's person" and later the "mighty orb of song." So Melancthon's memory suffered in the keeping of more than two generations who scarcely spoke a word in his favor. But Melancthon's noble effort to bring the actual world nearer ideal perfection in that mighty struggle of the centuries is being better appreciated. He was the most celebrated and the most powerful literary champion of those principles which were then struggling for infant existence. Luther who spoke of him as "the inconceivably learned and elegant" Melanc-thon sat at his feet for instruction. He was the Scholar of Ger-many in that day when the mighty conflict between that which was and that which ought to be took place, when the struggle was transferred from the "tented field" to the realm of ideas, which "burning all over with indestructible life were marshalled against principalities and powers." He lived to lead when "the brain and not the arm, the thinker and not the soldier, books and not kings," were set to rule the world. Erasmus the great scholar was right when he wrote of Melancthon, "Christ designs this youth to excel us all." 2. The genius of Melancthon was marked at an early age. Matriculated at Heidelberg University at the early age of twelve, he became pre-emineni. for his philological and philosophical studies, and was regarded worthy of the degree of bachelor of philosophy at the age of fourteen. On account of his extreme youth he was at the end of the following year denied the degree of Magisterof which he was adjudged altogether worthy. While but a mere boy he prepared rudiments of the Greek language which afterwards were published. During his residence at the Tubingen university he devoted himself diligently to the study of logic, jurisprudence, mathematics, theology and medicine. He was made a Doctor of Philosophy before he was seventeen and THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. soon after that became a public lecturer in the university. He gave especial attention to the classics Latin and Greek. At the age of twenty-one he was elected Professor of Greek language and litera-ture in the university of Wittenberg. He was a careful, critical, and accurate scholar. His mind was characterized by keen in-sight, logical order, unbounded power of endurance and ripened judgment. 3. His success was achieved in two particular directions. (a) His services in promoting the cause of education in gen-eral were great. His high regard for the place and power of edu-cation in matters of government and religion is shown in an ad-dress delivered at the opening of an institution of learning in Nuremberg. He said : "In the proper constitution of a State, schools of learning are primarily requisite, where the rising gen-eration which is the foundation of the future empire should be instructed; (or it is a most fallacious idea to suppose that solid excellence is likely to be acquired without due regard to instruc-tion. A Spartan said that their walls ought to be constructed of iron and not of stone; but I am of opinion that wisdom forms a better protection than arms or walls," On that principle he acted with great zeal throughout his life. He urged princes to reform the universities for the instruction of youth, as of all others, the most important object. Princes everywhere sought his advice in the establishment of schools, accepted his plans and adopted his methods. He stood easily at the head of the many great literary enterprises and engagements of that age, so that he has very properly been called "the founder of the learned schools of Ger-many." He not only inspired to the establishment of schools but he also prepared text books and furnished the proper means of study. He was indeed the pioneer in the preparation of the modern text book. He made abridgments of the various branches of philosophy, logic, ethics, etc., which were used in all the Lutheran schools for many years. He reduced almost every art and science into a form and arrangement which was of invaluable assistance to the student. He aroused the youth to study and created in the minds of his pupils a taste for literature. He revo-lutionized the methods and the means of study. His zeal in this work never abated while life lasted. His wonderful success was shown in the fact that from his boyhood days as teacher until his THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. death his lecture room was crowded with eager students, often as many as two thousand, among whom were barons, counts and princes from all parts of Europe. He wrote once and this senti-ment expresses the aim and glory of his career : "No service is more acceptable to God and no conduct more pious and praise-worthy than to aim at truth and to acquire its transforming in-fluence." (b) In authorship he was pre-eminent. Luther wrote more than he. But Luther was as he said of himself 'the rough pio-neer", preparing the way for "Master Philip who comes along softly and gently, who sows and waters heartily, since God has so richly endowed him with gifts". "Luther scattered their sparks among the masses ; but it remained for Melancthon by his logical and systematic writings to win not only princes, but also a large number of the learned and cultured for the cause of the Reforma-tion". He wrote commentaries on Genesis, Proverbs, Daniel, The Psalms, and also on Romans, Collossians and the Gospel of John. He wrote the first Protestant work on systematic theology. Of this Luther said, "He who has the bible and this work of Philip perfectly in memory is a divine against whom neither the devil nor any heretic can be able to take advantage. It is the best book next to the Holy Scriptures". In Ethics Melancthon's influence was immeasurable, and more enduring than his influence in theology. He is the author of the Augsburg Confession, the "First Protestant Confession of Faith", of which the late Dr. Schaff wrote : "It best exhibits the prevailing genius of the Ger-man Reformation and will ever be cherished as one of the noblest monuments of faith from the pentecostal period of Protestant-ism". 4. Melancthon was a toiler. As Cecil said of Sir Walter Raleigh, "He can toil terribly". He had that best genius, the genius of work. It was not only brain but iron labour with him that counted for success. He reached the heights of his literary fame by no easy path. "Had I not lived with Mirabeau", says Dumont, "I never should have known all that can be done in one day". So he who knew Philip Melanchton had an opportunity of noting possibility of accomplishment. Native talent coupled with persevering toil lifted Philip Melancthon above the level of ordi-nary achievement in the world of letters and made him worthy of that most distinguished designation, "The Preceptor of Ger-many". THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. A PROSE SHAKESPEARE. BY REV. EDWIN HEYL DELK, A. M. Books are the dried life-blood of personal and national history. Touch them with a living sympathy, and all the griefs, joys and heroisms of the past spring into being, thus re-enacting for us the tragedy and comedy of the human soul. There is another fact to recall in our char-acterization of literature, i. e., tnat there is a literature of knowledge and a literature of power. Darwin's "Origin of Species" well represents the books of the first order— the literature of knowledge. No single book has thrown such a flood of light upon the method of creation. This book, with his ''Descent of Man," have changed the view point of the scientific world upon the genesis and suprem-acy of man. Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is a work of the second order—the literature of power. It addresses itself not simply to the intellectual life but stirs our deepest emotion and brings before the imagination the horror and weakness of irresolution. Such a poem as Browning's "Saul," or Shakespeare's "Hamlet," become formative forces in the region of character because they address not only the analytical but also the volitional and ideal in human thought. Shakespeare is our master interpreter of life and puts before us as no other single writer has ever done before, or since, the complex motives, the marred action, the glit-tering ambition, the deteriorating moral nature, the mul-tiplicity of human types, the sweep of passion and the majestic march of historical providence. Unfortunately Shakespeare is praised much, but read little. His work is made a literary Bible and placed on the centre-table of undisturbed reverence. To many, his English has grown archaic, and his blank verse is too obscure a medium for the communication of his message. For the man of cul-ture, he will always remain the master interpreter of life, and, therefore, the supreme literary power. As he gath-ered his great life procession from all history, he has be-come the world's poet. He has become for all modern ,,; ,,,- wmmmmmmmamaammm THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. peoples the standard for the measurement of all literature of power. To select any one writer, then, and declare him to be a prose Shakespeare is a stupendous claim which borders on the audacious, or comic, according to one's mood. And yet, as I place the name of Balzac beside that of Shakespeare, I feel no personal uneasiness in my stlf-provided criticism. To men who know their Balzac as well as their Shakespeare, there will be fell no incon-gruity in placing the writer of the "Comedie Humaine" and the framer of "Lear" and "Midsummer Night's Dream" in the same class—the class of supreme literary genius. One must make at the outset, however, this acknowl-edgment, that Shakespeare was far and away the greater master of form and literary expression. But in their grasp of life and its deepest and most complex emotions, in the breadth and variety of their characters, in the pas-sion and intensity of their feeling, in the powerful and subtle presentation of human action, in their marvelous balance of realism and idealism, in their titanic and inex-haustible creative power, Balzac and Shakespeare were brothers. The Englishman was the greater, by reason of the fecundating and larger era in which he wrought, and by right of his more finished medium of expression which gives a grandiose setting to his immortal pictures of his-tory and individual action. A glance now at our prose Shakespeare. Honore de Balzac was born at Tours, May 16th, 1799. Nothing in his parentage, or place of birth, can account for his genius. To his sister Laure, who made him her hero through life, he owed a sympathy which was far more influential to his creative temperament than the early literary associations which nourish so many writers. He was not a good student, from the scholastic stand-point, but was an omnivorous reader and an intense lover of nature. The desire for fame early lured him to essay the craft of letters. He went to Paris with his family in 1814, and devoted himself to study. He was in constant at-tendance at the lectures of the Sorbonne, and to please his THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. father, took a three years' course in law. When the hour came for his family to leave the French capital, he de-clared his purpose to give his days and life to literature rather than law. As a test of his devotion to the chosen art, his father offered him a menial's allowance for two years. He remained in Paris working at a drama entitled "Crom-well." He broke down, under the strain of partial failure and want, and had to retire from the gay city. Soon, however, he went back again to his attic. Here he wrought furiously at short stories, in order to secure food and fuel. The ten short stories he wrote before his twenty-eighth year, he did not care to acknowledge, when he had come to his literary throne. They were the output of his apprentice days. Though a born novelist, he was not a born stylist and only after much toil and polish-ing did he master language sufficiently well to express the facts and fancies that crowded tumultously upon his eye and brain. It was not until he was twenty-eight years of age that he produced his first notable book—"Les Chouans." The '-Physiology of Marriage" followed quickly in 1830, and "At the Sign of the Cat and Racket" a year later. These books at once revealed his marvelous phychological powers, as his earlier stories gave promise of the definiteness of his objective vision. The streets of Paris now became the laboratory of his literary experi-mentation. Night and day he would walk the boulevards and quays gathering his material, testing its relation to the past, and its present relation to the whole fabric of society. Then he would rttire to his attic, and living for weeks on little or nothing, select from his material, tet up certain characters, live with his creations in imaginary walks and positive communings, until his dramatic talent made his creation a real thing. Then, when all was fused, his hard driven pen put upon paper some section of that great social drama—the "Comedie Humaine." At first, Balzac did not plan the writing of a systematic study of all classes and types of human characters. He was bent, primarily, on writing stories charged full with actual life. 'Yet it was more than a swarm of stories that was buz- THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. zing in his head ; it was a swarm of individuals often more truly alive to him than the friends with whom he loved to converse about them. And just because he knew these people of his brain, just because he entered into the least details of their daily lives, Balzac was destined to become much more than a mere philosopher or student of society, to which a creator of characters, endowed with that absolute dramatic vision which distinguishes Homer and Shakespeare and Chaucer. But b^cau^e he was also something of a philosopher and student of sociology, he conceived the stupendous idea of linking their charac-ters with one another and with their several environ-ments, in order that he might make himself not merely the historian but also the creator of an entire society." It is only as we view his co-ordinated work,not any sin. gle volume, that we begin to appreciate his tremendous grasp on the whole of life. His financial failures, his legal studies, his own irregular habits, his beautiful love affair, his multitudinous sympathies were all utilized in the interpretation of "the human comedy." Because he saw life straight and full his novels are not food for chil-dren or callow youth. Sin and its putrifactions are as boldly painted as sainthood and the oratory. Balzac was too elemental in his nature, and too sincere in his purpose to paint in grays and neutral tints. His color-scheme ranges from purest white to loathsome black. In pre-senting three thousand personages in his co-ordinated "comedy," he must, needs project upon his canvass many a maimed and distorted life. If fault this be, it is one he has in common with Shak ^speare and the Bible—neither of which can be read in their entirety in the nursery, or class-room. Balzac's works are for the mature student of life—with all its sorrow, joy and passion. He divided his great scheme into three great divisions: 1, "Sciences of Private Life," which consist of twenty-four novels, nov-elettes, and tales ; II, "Scenes of Provincial Life," num-bering ten stories, nearly all of which are masterpieces; III, "Scenes of Country Life," and the "Parisian Scenes," the latter containing his greatest works. In this latter class, THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. we find some twenty-four titles, six of them being novels "L'Histoire de Csesar Pirotteau," "Le Pere Goriot," "La Di'ehesse de Langeau," "La Cousins Bette." and his other profoundly popular studies. This series was sunple-mented by his "Studies in Philosophy"—twenty in num-ber, which furnish his metaphysical background of life, i.e., "The Magic Skin," "The Elixir of Life," "Louis Lambert," "Seraphita," and "Jesus Christ en Flandre." I know how ludicrously inadequate this mention of the greatest of novelists is, but I simply wish to call attention. For an exposition of his philosophy of life I would suggest the reading of George Frederick Parson's introduction to Balzac's "Louis Lambert," For an analysis of the whole "Comedie" Balzac's own division. "Studies of Manners," "Philosophical Studies" and "Analytic Studies," I find William P. Trent's article in a "Library of the World's Best Literature" to be as clear and accessible a presenta-tion as I know. ISaintsbury commenced an English edition of the great master's works and the introductions are invaluable. But for the realization that Balzac has given us a prose Lear we must read his own "Le Pere Gor-iot" and feel the terror, the devotion and the frenzy of the old neglected father's life and death. To know that there is a French Beatrice, Desdemona, Hamlet, Falstaff, Iago, one must follow for himself the career of Louis Lambert, Baron Hulot, Cousine Bette, Eugene Grandet and Rastiquac in their tortuous risings towards the In-finite, or their gurgling descent into the human hell of despair. To know Balzac thus is to know life. To know life is to cry aloud to God. A FEW FACTS ABOUT PRE-HISTORIC CALIFORNIA. BY REV. M. H. STINE, PH. U., '77. California is the land of wonders. Its climate is a happy surprise to the visitor from almost every State in the Union. Its delicious fruits are unexcelled in perfection and variety. Its natural scenery comprehends mountain and valley, forest and desert, all included in a surpris-ingly small extent of square miles. The busy life of the 10 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. city, the densely populated valley, and the silence and loneliness of the uninhabited mi-sa and the mountain, rock-ribbed and sublime in its towering heights, are all in the compass of a day's journey. This State so rich in its natural wonders has also its pre-historic surprises and apparent contradictions. Per-haps nowhere in America outside of Mexico are tbere more marked evidences of the existence of a pre-historic civilization far in advance of the North American Indian than in the Golden State. With the brief space at our command, we can call attention to only a few of these evidences. One of these is in Tuolumne county Here be-neath what is known as Table mountain "have been found many works of man's hand." Table Mountain it-self is a wonder. It is the remains of a flow of lava which originated in the crater of a volcano miles away. It seems as if the lava instead of seeking its lowest level had persisted in flowing along the ridge of the hill. The fact is, that the mountains which were at the time of the flow of the lava much higher than the present summit, have been carried away. Prof. Whitney truthfully says (Geology of Cal., "Vol I.): "The whole face of the country must, therefore, have undergone an entire change since the eruption took place, during which this mass of lava was poured out." Conceive, if you can, the sublime truth that mountains three thousand feet in height, have been completely removed. On this mountain, at Altaville, a skull was taken from a mining shaft at a depth of 130 feet beneath the surface. Seven different layers of lava and gravel were arranged in regular strata above it. Stone mortars, spear heads, and other stone relics were found 300 feet beneath the sur-face. We naturally wonder whether the people who left these relics were the same that built the irrigating ditches in the southern part of the State in what is now desert. And were they the people who laid the foundation and built the superstructure of the massive buildings, the ruins of which have been discovered in the southern part of the State ? T THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 11 It has been asserted that when Table Mountain was formed California was totally different from what it is now. Parts of the San Joaquin Valley may then still have been covered with water, whilst the great Mojave desert was at the bottom of an inland sea. Dr. Cooper says : (Geographical Survey, W. of 100 Meridian, Vol. I, p. 11) "The country consisted of peninsulas and islands, like those of the present East Indies." If these people who lived on the supposed islands laid the foundations of temples and built water ways, they were no doubt more civilized than the people who sought for gold where now the heights of Table Mountain rear their rugged walls. The question as to where those people came from is most interesting, especially if we adopt the views of Igna-tius Donnelly (Atlantis: The Antediluvian World, p. 135, 175 etc.) That they came from the South originally seems plausible. Evidently the civilization of Mexico and Cen-tral America is the oldest in the Western World. When we make this assertion we do not forget that Prof. Whitney and others, hold that the human remains and evidences of human handiwork prove that men lived in Pliocene times. We ask, do the houses and other relics exhumed from beneath the lava beds of Vesuvius prove that Pompeiians lived in Pliocene times ? It will be ob-jected that the two examples are not sufficiently alike to comparison. It is true, no mountains have been removed near Pompeii since the city was buried nor have the val-leys been elevated into mountain ranges ; but some very stupendous changes have been made in the face of Italy and elsewhere since Pompeii was destroyed. So two or three or five thousand years may have produced marvel-ous changes on the Pacific Coast, where the rumblings of earthquakes are monthly occurrences even in the closing years of the nineteenth century. We ask, are the remains even at the base of a mountain a proof that men lived in Pliocene times ? Were all mountains formed before and in Pliocene times ? 12 THE GETTYSBURG MJReUKY. WHAT IS NATURE? BY PROF. OSCAR G. KLIXUER, A M. While in conversation with a student-friend some time since, our talk turned upon Nature as it presents itself to poet, artist, scientist and the illiterate man. and he wondered how one and the same thing could produce such different conceptions in different minds. He then asked the question which forms the caption of this article, "What is Nature"? In my reply I endeavored to show that what Natnre is for each man depends upon what he is. I hope now to justify this answer by a rapid analysis of the conditions and processes of the act of knowing. The mind as substance is forever hid from human cog-nition, but the instrument and laws of its activity are now matters of everyday knowledge. No doubt longer exists that it uses as the means of its manifestations the nervous system with the brain as its center. The brain is hermetically sealed within the skull. "'The hair, the thick skin of the scalp, the skull, and two membranes at least, one of them a tough one, surround the brain ; and this organ moreover, like the spinal cord, is bathed by a serous fluid in which it floats suspended." (James). In the skull are several apertures filled with the nerves of the special senses—sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Sitting at the center, the mind receives its materials of knowledge from sensations generated by external stimuli and carried upward to the brain by longitudinal vibra-tions of the several nerves. The relations of mind and brain are so close that psychologists ar^ unanimous in affirming that "the immediate condition of a state of con-sciousness is an activity of some sort in the cerebral hemisphere." Further it is believed that with every sense dead, mind would exist, if at all, only as a mere blank—"not mind, but only the unrealized possibility of mind." (John Caird). It is not to be doubted then that mind is awakened and furnished with the materials of knowledge by sensations which have their origin in the external world. TH.fi GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 13 But the materials of knowledge are not knowledge any more than the materials of a house are the house itself. The sensations which come to the brain must be reacted upon by the mind and the product which results we call knowledge. "It is neither wholly from within nor wholly from without, but both the external and the .nternal fac-tors co-operate in its formation." (Stuckenberg). This re-action takes place through perception, conception, judg-ment, etc:, and implies the recognition of differences and similarities. Let us call the reacting mind the subjective, and Ihe external stimulus the objective; knowledge as the individual, concrete act of knowing may then be denned as the union of the subjective and the objective in a state of consciousness. It may be necessary to indicate the exact meaning of the phrase "state of consciousness." A single intelligent introspective glance will show that what we mean by con-sciousness is a "stream" (James) of thoughts and feelings and volitions all intermingled and inseparable. Now a "state" of consciousness is the content of this stream in-cluded within certain definite time-limits. As all intelli-gence lies within consciousness, we must study the nature of the concrete act of knowing in this time-portion of it. It is in a state of consciousness, then, that the individual knowing-act takes place. This act I have termed a union of subjective and objective elements. It remains, there-fore, to determine just what these respective elements are and we shall then be in a position to get a glimpse of Nature as an absolutely objective reality. It must be borne in mind, however, that knowledge is, in fact, an indissoluble union of these elements and the separation of which I speak is mere abstraction. One can think of the color of the rose to the neglect of its other properties but he cannot, of course, separate it from them without de-stroying the rose. Take a single act of knowing an object such as hourly occurs in the laboratory. Here we have the different ele-ments in the cold light of the intellect without any color-lng of feeling. There lies the substance to be analyzed 14 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. and named. The eyes are turned upon it and on the retina is thrown an image of it. This sets up a vibration which proceeds upward to the brain. Somewhere at the brain's base, this sensation, a purely neural process is changed into a perception of color and form, a purely psychic product. So the ear and the nerves of taste and touch carry up to the same center their wholly diverse sensations of sound and taste and feel. The mind is now furnished with the data of knowledge, viz., certain neural affections which interpreted by the mind we call proper-ties of the object. But this is not the whole act of knowing. Whatever the mind cognizes comes to it under certain forms of knowledge—categories, as Kant calls them : fundamental ideas, as Whewell calls them ; ideas of the pure reason as others call them. These forms in which all sensations are received and worked over are such as time, space, cause, substance, indentity, etc. That object is there, it is now, it is itself, it had a cause. Now all these ideas which necessarily enter into every interpretation of the objective belong to the mind itself; hence in the knowing-act they are contributed by the mind in its reaction upon the in-coming sensations. Let us, now, in that union of the subjective and the ob-jective which we call scientific knowledge abstract from the whole the elements which the mind has furnished and note what remains. 1. Nothing is more commonly spoken of than the "laws" of Nature. But law is an idea of the reason and so far as we know has only an ascribed objective exist-ence. What we actually perceive in Nature are only uni-formities : water always seeks its own level, a stone al-ways falls to the ground, etc. Matter has certain modes of acting which are uniform and invariable and these modes we call laws. 2. Again, we affirm without thought of possible con-tradiction that "every change has a cause." But cause, also, is one of the fundamental ideas and "it is now uni-versally conceded that we have no perception by the THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 15 senses of any causal connection or nexus in the material world." What we do perceive is only sequence, but when one phenomenon always follow another and the relation of antecedent and consequent seems to be a necessary one, we call the phenomenon that comes first the cause of the one that comes second. And so, if space permitted, it would he possible to show that force, life, order, purpose, substance and all the other most common terms in scien-tific nomenclature stand for ideas, not things. To this I append the witness of Professor Cocker : "Order, pur-pose, design, law, are not objects of sense ; all that we perceive by the senses is a cerlain collocation and dis-position of matter in space." Nature, then, in its bleak objectivity when abstracted from all that the mind necessarily reads into it in every act of interpretation, is matter existing in what seems to be a system of uniformities, coexistences, sequences. This it is which furnishes the stimuli to the various senses and by them generates the different sensations upon which each individual mind must react in harmony with its own natural endowment. Its own natural endowment, I repeat, because difference is what constitutes individuality, and it is safe to say that no two human beings have ever been endowed in precisely the same way. No man is a chance product, however.— except, indeed, he be a transcendent genius—and natural endowment is determined, under the laws of heredity and environment, by his ancestry and the accidents of his early training. Some minds are practical, others poetical, artistic, philosophical. In some the constructive imagi-nation is most active and things are always seen in a bor-rowed light. In others the spirit of investigation is pro-dominant and the analytic tendency, as is the case of John Stuart Mill, becomes a burdensome nuisance. Other men there are whose whole thought centers about the problem of getting on in the world and they are never bothered by the aspirations of an aesthetic nature. Such men never see a landscape, and Niagara to them is only so much waste power! 16 THE GETTYSBURG MEKCURY. I said at the beginning that ''what Nature is to each man depends upon what he is." If he be a physicist, as Edison. Nature will be to him a reservoir of forces or one force manifesting itself in different modes. If he be a chemist, as von Liebig, Nature will be to him a unity of molecules combined in different proportions. If he be a biologist, as Huxley, Nature will be to him a great vit.il laboratory in which cells are built up and destroyed in end-less succession. If he be a poet, as Bryant, Nature will be to him a great speaking allegory, a store-house of imagery and sentiment, a dully-sentient reality capable of feeling— "Dim and faint May be its sense of pleasure and of pain, ■ As in our dreams ; but, haply, real still." If he be an unlettered farmer, as poor Hodge. Nature will be to him but su much soil in which to sow and so much sunlight in which to garner the harvest. I have space for only one illustration of my meaning In the West the sun is setting in a blaze of glory. Orange and gold melt into each other and pass into crimson. A magnificent tint spreads over the sky to the far East shot-through with beams of light. Hodge looks at it and re-marks, "Red at night, the sailor's delight." But John Ruskin, scientist, poet, and artist, looks at it and thinks of the contest waged between day and night since early dawn ; night has at length conquered, and "the sun sinks below the horizon, bathed in the crimson of his own blood. So every interpretation of Nature is colored by.— say rather, its whole content is given by,—the personality of the interpreter. It is to each of us poverty-striken or rich as our minds are endowed with sublime or only com-monplace ideas. We get from Nature just what we bring to it. To the "Mercury." NOVEMBER. Summer days have sped away. Summer clouds no more appear, November comes with skies of gray, Winter's snows again seem near. THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 17 The grass grows sere in the meadows Where the hoar-frost falls by night, No blossoms nod to their shadows, Nor beckon the bees to alight. Forest trees send down their shower Of dry leaves all over the ground. The robin—iar South is his bower— Sings to gladden his mate with the sound. Yet autumn days truly are gladsome ; Fulfillment of promise are they— Promise of fruit from the blossom Matured by the sun's ripening ray. What if purple asters turn gray, And golden-rod flames grow dim— The flower is more than the bloom of the day; There's a wealth of seed within. So life's not for a day, but for fruit; And the labor of summer's not lost. The best fruits ripen the latest, And some ripen onty in frost. And when pink petals are faded and withered, And almond trees flourish like snow; They that look out of the windows lie darkened, And the daughters of music brought low ; When the silver cords are unstrung, And the golden bowls broken be ; Return like the honey-bee, home, With thy treasure laid up on high. AEIEIE, '91. A FEW THINGS ABOUT THE SOUTHERN NEGRO. BY H. D. SHIMER, '96. This summer I was engaged in colporter work in the South. As every one knows, the South is the home of the colored man ; or if it may not be called his home, that is where one finds him very frequently. To me, coming from a state where it is the exception and not the rule to find colored people living, the colored man proved to be a very interesting subject for study. It is about him that I am now going to write ; and my writing, I will base upon what I saw and experienced. 18 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. Probably one of the first things that attracts ones atten-tion, when traveling among colored people, is the fact that they are a very happy and contented people. They live in the present, and for the present. How often have I seen colored persons clad in filthy rags, not knowing whence their next meal would come, bearing upon their countenance the smile of perfect contentment, and sing-ing, as only they can sing, some old plantation song! And why are they so happy ? It is because they are satis-fied with what they have. They, as a rule, lack true am-bition. While the white man toils and worries and plans for the future, unsatisfied until he has made for himself and his family a comfortable home, the colored man as a rule is perfectly satisfied to let the future take care of itself, and is the happiest man in the world, if he has just enough in the present to keep his body and soul together. What cares he for a palace in which to live ? Does not a little hut give him shelter from rain and from storm? What need has he of a palace for a home ? Does not the little log house give ample room for himself, and for his family ! Is it not easier to fill a small home with happi-ness than a large one ? Thus reasons the colored man; and I was compelled to believe that there was something in his reasoning ; for I have seen colored families, with a a dozen or more members in each family, live in miser-able hovels of one room, and live there in perfect content-ment. From what I could learn, during the seasons when negroes have work and make a little money, they spend their money about as fast as they earn it; and when they earn no money they live on almost nothing. They lack | that true ambition, which tends to make their future bet-ter than their present. When they have much, they are happy with much; when they have little, they are happy with little. A second thing in which I was interested in the colored people was their education. In the section of country where I was,-the facilities for acquiring a moderate edu-tion were average. School-houses for the colored people were so scattered about that any colored family was THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY, 19 within a reasonable distance of a school-house. As a re-sult, most of the colored children attend school. But one thing especiallv attracted my attention. It was the fact that little children from six up to ten or twelve years of of age, were very bright and active. In fact many of them were as bright as white children of their age. But when they got beyond ten or twelve years of age they seemed to become stupid and dull. I noticed this almost invariably among the strictly African children. The only way I could account for this was : From six up to ten or twelve years of age, their perceptive faculties were very active, and they could perceive things very readily, and thus were apparently very bright; but when they came to the age when the reflective faculties should assert themselves, they were lacking in their reflective powers, and consequently, for the lack of these powers, they became dull and stupid. Of course there are some few who are exceptions, and sometimes these few make very smart men and women. Yet how often can these exceptions claim their mental powers from the African race! How often are the minds of these exceptions made more active and fertile by Caucasian blood and energy ? Viewing the colored man from a religious standpoint, we are compelled to say that he is a very religious being. Without a doubt our colored brother has as much of the religious element in his nature as we have who are of fairer complexion. To realize the truth of this statement we have only to go to the great revival meetings which the colored people hold from time to time. There we may see religion in one of its phases, though not always in its true phase. In these meetings there is life ; and it is there that the religious nature of the colored man often unconsciously wings its flight on pinions of abnormal ex-citement, and soars higher and higher, until it exhausts itself in unconscious agony. Socially and morally the colored people with whom I came in contact were not. up to the standard of the white race. There was not that purity of heart, earnestness of true motive, and elevation of thought and conversation 20 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. among them which characterizes the noble characters of our own race. True, there are kind, charitable. Christian people among the colored race ; yet with all their virtues, there is something within the character of the colored man, which does not measure up to the standard of char acter among our own people. For instance, if a good col-ored brother, on his way home from religious services, should happen to take a chicken home with him that did not belong to him, his colored brelhren would hardly ques-tion his Christianity for such a deed. Again, colored ser-vants have a great liking for taking things that belong to their employer, and appropriating them to their own use. There seems to be a positive weakness in the colored man for that kind of thing. Topsy was no excep-tion to this rule. The families among them also point to a weakness in their moral and social disposition. There where purit}r and love should reign, I found too often the opposite ; the baser nature ruling and moral purity placed in the back-ground. It is true that this same thing may be said of very many of the homes of our own race ; yet we can say there are homes among our people where love does reign, and where moral purity finds an exalted place. In view of these foregoing facts this question naturally presents itself : What kind of citizens do the colored peo-ple as a rule make ? Closely allied to this question is another : What kind of citizens are they likely to make in the future ? In answer to the first question, we can say that the majority of the colored voters of the South have not suf-ficient education to use intelligently the ballot-box ; and it is a question whether the North did not entrust too much to the negro when it gave to him indiscriminately full rights of citizenship. There are few people in the South who want back their slaves. They agree with us that slavery was wrong. But there are many people in the South, the most intelligent and best thinking class of people, who honestly hold that the large majority of negroes, have not sufficient knowledge to use intelligently ^^^^^■■^^^■^^^^^H ^^^^^^■M THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 21 the bnllot-box, and that the North made a mistake when it gave to negroes, indiscriminately, the full power and authority of citizenship. In answer to the second question it is to be hoped that the negro will make a better citizen in the future than he does now. If he does not there is trouble ahead. The colored people in the South are increasing at an alarming rate. It will be but a short time until they will outnum-ber the white people in the 8outh. In such an event, the colored people would elect their representatives to govern-ment and municipal offices. What would be the outcome of such a step is hard to tell. We all know that the white population of the South would not look with favor upon such a step, and it would be justified in not so doing, if the intellectual and moral standard of the colored race be-comes no higher than it now is. Unless the colored race make rapid strides in intelligence and moral strength, it will be many years before they will be fit subjects to take active part in our governmental affairs. EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF POETRY. Life is a conscious effort to cancel the limitations be-tween the real and the ideal. The noblest life is an heroic effort to realize an ideal so grand and pure that it is unat-tainable. That branch of instruction which does the most to help the student cancel the limitations betwetn his real self and his ideal self has the greatest educational value. Tompkins says : "Life's ideal, heroic struggle is exhibited in its most perfect form in literature." The manifold objects and influences in the physical world are the means which man is to use in realizing his ideal self. But man without the poet's soul does not recognize their value. He walks through the world having eyes but he sees not. "A primrose by the river's brim, A yellow primrose is to him ; And it is nothing more." 22 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. The poet utilizes the common objects in the physical world and makes them a power unto spiritual. The ordi-nary individual sees in the nautilus nothing but a com-mon, insignificant little animal, but Holmes saw in that little animal a type of the human soul struggling to shake off the base and sensuous things of earth and attain its true spiritual freedom. The growth of the little ani-mal from the narrow, restricted cell to the Droader, higher one, was to him a type of the human soul broadened and elevated through the acquisition of knowledge and virtue. The nautilus cast off the shell which had restricted his freedom and separated him from the physical heaven. Holmes saw in that a type of the soul that has cast off all ignorance, prejudice and sin, and attained its true spiritual freedom. The intellect recognizes the fitness of the object in the physical world to typify growth in the spiritual world; the emotions are called into play and the soul is filled with pleasure as it sees the unity. But it must also move the will or it would be deficient as an educational force. The student sees that the end of the little creature is to become physically free. It has attained its freedom and left nothing between it and the physical heaven. He is not free. Passions, sin and ignor-ance still chain him to the earth. His will is moved to do what the little nautilus has already done. He moves for-ward and to his own soul utters Holmes' mandate : "Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, As the swift seasons roll; Leave thy low vaulted past! Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from Heaven with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea." It is the poetic in life that "lifts the soul from the com-mon sod to a purer air and a broader view." The poetic soul recognizes in the physical world around him expressions of universal spiritual truth. Tompkins says, in substance, that the matter-of-fact scientist studies the lily as a physical organism and misses the best it has i^^^^Hj^^^^l^^^H THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 23 for man, if he stops there. The true scientist, who is always a poet, adjusts his ear to its whispers of infinite truth and beauty, and finds the message it has for man. The matter of fact botanist would have analyzed the gentian as a physical organism and stopped with a knowl-edge of its structure, habitat, etc. Whittier saw a deeper lesson. He was familiar with the New England custom of placing a pressed gentian on the inner side of the win-dows as a Xmas decoration. This though beautiful with-in looks like a dark speck to the traveler passing ; and the poet wrote his lesson: "So from the trodden ways of earth, Some sweet souls who veil their worth, And offer to the careless glance The clouding gray of circumstance. They blossom best where hearth fires burn, So loving eyes above they turn, The flowers of inward grace, that hide Their beauty from the world outside. But deeper meaning comes to me, My half immortal flower, from thee! Man judges from a partial view, None ever yet his brother knew; The Eternal Eye that sees the whole May better read the darkened soul, And find, to outward sense denied, The flower upon the inmost side." Ryan saw two roses, one perfect, blooming; the other broken, crushed. He noticed that the crushed rose breath-ed forth the sweetest perfume. He saw in that flower a type of the human soul chastened, but sweetened by sor-row and suffering, and he sent forth his message to man-kind: "It is a truth beyond our ken— And yet a truth that all may read, It is with roses as with men, The sweetest hearts are those that bleed. The Flower which Bethlehem saw bloom Out of a heart all full of grace, Gave never forth its full perfume Until the cross became its vase." Thomas Moore watched the carrier pigeon soaring 24 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. through the air at a great height in order to surmount every obstacle between her and the place to which she was destined. In that scene he recognized a type of the soul soaring above the sins and snares of this world to the place for which it was destined. His soul was filled with emotion as he saw the faithful bird soaring with a fidelity which man—proud man with all his intelligence, rarely, if ever, reaches. He seized his pen and to the world of literature gave this poetic prayer: "So grant me God. from every care And stain of passion free, Aloit through Virtue's purer air, To hold my course to thee! No sin to cloud, no lure to stay My soul, as home she springs; Thy sunshine on her joyful way, Thy freedom in her wings." BUTTERWORTH, '99. THE COLLEGE MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS. In our college life, along with its literary work, we should cultivate that which softens, soothes and elevates our natures—something which will drive away dull care and instill in us new life, spirit and energy. Could there be a more pleasant or effectual means for bringing about the desired result than that of music ? Its place in the college world is clearly recognized, it fills a felt want. Of course as everything else it has its time and place, as there are occasions when it might put a person in a "beat-ing" frame of mind and especially is this true of the stu-dent. The singing of Miss Quito just reminds me of the painful fact that—that which sounds well does not always leave a good impression, (thinking of the Hanover-York trip), however, a few minors (not Freshman) only throw the richness of the majors more into prominence. Without doubt the instrument most universally used j and mastered by college men is the old reliable "frog-hv your-throat," tin horn and indeed I want to toot the same a little over the prospects of our Musical Clubs for the coming season. Almost fifty men responded to the call ^■■■^^^^^^^■■^^^^^^■^^H THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 25 for applicants, and although by the graduation of '97 we lost much excellent talent, yet we are glad to say that the musical abilities of the new men exceeded expectations and feel quite safe in predicting that our institution will be represented musically this year in a very creditable manner. A preliminary selection for the Glee and also for the Man-dolin, Banjo, and Guitar Club has been made and the boys are working hard, as already several dates have been ar-ranged. Efforts are being made to revive the old college orchestra, and we trust that the same may be completely successful. We would bespeak for the Clubs the united, hearty support of the student body. That the members are not working for their own financial gain is shown by their intention of turning over to the cause of athletics any proceeds which may result from their labors. This is indeed a most commendable move, one which has the true jingle-that of putting aside small interests and seek-ing to benefit old Gettysburg. Conscious that the "phrasing" of this little "toot" has not been of a sufficiently high tone and knowing that the final sentence of the same must have seemed to you, dear reader, to be about as slow as, well-adazio-in coming, with this parting blast I'll give you a "whole" rest—never B sharp in your criticisms, never B flat in your praise, but always B natural. C. T. L., '98. MY FIRST SMOKE. We were seated in our study Wheu my chum said, "Have a smoke ; This won't sicken anybody." So I tried just for a joke. The effect was soon alarming, 'Round and 'round me all things sped, Until nothing was so charming As my own dear springless bed. Not alone a head near splitting, Other strange things soon were felt, Pains and sickness intermitting In the regions of my belt. 26 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. Matters had become so serious That uiy thoughts were not my own, Aud the words 1 said, delirious, Would not sound well 'round my home. If Proserpine and Pluto Hearkened to the prayeis I made, Chum won't chill, though winter's cold snow Freeze the grave where he is laid. H. M. C, '99. EDITORS' DESK. "Life is a page of paper white, Upon which each of us may write His word or two, and then conies night! Great^' begin, though thou hast time But for a line ; be it sublime! Not failure, but low aim is crime." -Lowell. ONE thing is strikingly lacking in our college life. It is the singing of songs that are distinctively our own. Occasionally we see a fair sized crowd able to unite on a strain of a song of the day, or on a stanza or two of some of the old favorites, but as a college body, we have nothing that we can call our sonq or songs, This is a serious deficiency in our college life. Take only a recent occurence, the rousing reception we gave to Mayor Strong and his party. After lusty cheer-ing and yells, and inspiring responses from our visitors were over, we all felt like singing. Here and there in the scattering crowd, a solitary voice sang out that "For Bonny Annie Laurie, I'd Lay Me Down and Die"; or per-chance, "My Bonny Lies Over The Oc^an"' uttered the far-away feeling of another. The typical college fellow, whose capacity for noise is never exhausted, declares his own wishes in, "There'll Be a Hot Time In The Old Town To-night"; but no song reached the universal heart. Here is the need—what is the remedy ? It is in tin composing and compiling of a book of "Gettysburg Col-lege Songs." A collection of this kind should contain I^^^^^^^Hi^^^^^HB^^^^H^^^^^^Hi^^M THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 27 number of original songs composed by students and alumni, and a careful selection from the songs which be-long to the college world in general, not forgetting the good old melodies that have come down from former ages. That we can publish such a book is not to be doubted a moment. The great number of men who sought for place on our Glee Club and Mandolin Club, our excellent Chapel singing, are only a few proofs that we have considerable musical ability represented in our number. Other colleges are not asleep on this point. All the larger institutions have a book of their own. Swarthmore has just published such a book. F. & M. students are busy composing special songs for Thanksgiving Day, when they hope to conquer Swarthmore on the gridiron. The students of Dickinson have recently organized into a musical association for the purpose of individual and col-lege advancement in this beautiful and uplifting art. Has Gettysburg nothing to sing about? Let us think and act. Let us no longer be content to write about the Col-lege and to talk about it. We want to sing and shout its praises! We believe that MERCURY hereby sounds a key-note to which students and alumni will chord. If the advance-ment of the College of late years is a true indicator of the future, all her friends will unite in a grand harmony and swell the praises of Alma Mater. We are listening. * * * NEVER before in the history of our College has a better time presented itself for the students to write literary articles of merit. Several professors are willing to direct the student along original lines and will help them in the development of something new, something worthy the attention of all. This is a grand opportunity to lead the students into methods of original thinking. It is a rare opportunity. A "rehash" of something old is weari-ness to the flesh. Aim at originality. You have the time, !i you seize it now. You have the brains, if you use them 28 THE GETTYSBURU MKRCURY. properly. You have the means of bringing your thoughts to the public. Are you going to do it ? * * IT is an unpleasant fact that a lack of the proper inter-est has characterized the work in our Literary Societies during this term. So far the majority of meetings have been held with not many more than a quorum present. Such a condition reflects not so much on the Societies as organizations, as on the individual members composing them. It clearly shows that they do not appreciate and take advantage of one of the most beneficial features of college life. To say that no other department in College furnishes more practical training and knowledge for the necessary intercourse and contact with others in life, than the Literary Society, is simply to repeat what has heen said hundreds of times by those who are in positions to know. The above statement is frequently made by those who neglected their opportunities in this respect, and only when the latter were gone did they realize their loss. Warning from such a source should certainly not be treated with indifference. It is to be hoped that every student of Penna. College will become alive to his own interests and take an active interest in Literary Society work. WHEN the majority of students are asked to do some work aside from the curriculum, there comes the reply— "I have no time now." There are only two conditions that will admit of such an answer. The students have either an over abundance of work or they waste too much time in doing it. A large percentage are subject to the latter condition. This becomes a great problem and one that deserves special attention. Each student must solve it for himself. You have often heard it said that if you want anything done promptly, go to the busiest man. This seems the reverse to what we might consider the true order of things. Yet it is practically true. The secret of THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 29 it all lies in the fact that they have learned how to sys-tematize their work. They do not go at their duties as though they had an indefinite period of time in which to complete them. Only a definite period is allowed, and realizing that they must be done within the fixed limits, they set to work with an object in view. This requires close application, but. never fails to bring the desired results. WE are under great obligations to the many alumni who have already consented to conlribute. We trust that you will not wait for a spacial invitation, but will send us articles voluntarily We take pleasure in announcing a few authors and subjects which will appear in early num-bers: Dr. J. H. W. Stuckenberg, "Sociology"; Dr. P. Anstadt, "Dr. Schmucker"; Dr. M. H. Stine, "Early Mis-sions in Cal."; Dr. E. J. Wolf; Dr. J. W. Richard, "Fe-male Education in Germany"; Rev. Henry B. Wile; Capt. F. M. Ott, "The Hazleton Strike"; Prof. Stahl, Rev. A. R. Steck, Rev. H. C. Alleman, C. S. Duncan, Esq., Dr. E. S. Breidenbaugh, and other members of the faculty and alumni, together with articles by the students of Col-j lege and Seminary. ATHLETICS. Our Foot-Ball season has about come to a close. With regret, we must say that it was not as successful as first indications led us to expect; but there are reasons to be given why this was the case. First and foremost was the lack of proper coaching at the beginning of the season ; then, the injuries received iu our larger games by many of the players. The question naturally arises here whether it is advisable to play U. P. so early in the season. Granting that our men are taught many of the fiier points of the game and that our own College is brought before the people, is it advisable to risk so much where there is no possible chance of victory? Through this year's game with U. P., we lost the services of our captain for several weeks just at the time when he was most needed. When the team from the University of Maryland appeared on the field, 11 was seen that they averaged quite a great deal more than our team, but notwithstanding this fact our boys entered into the game with a dash. y continual "bucking of the line," the University boys advanced the ball 0 our twenty yard line. Then our boys stood determined to sell their ■ L 30 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. lives dearly; but in vain, for by short gains, the Maryland boys crossed the coveted goal line. The goal was kicked. The ball was again put in play. After an interchange of punts, Dale caught the ball on our 45-yard line, and by the aid of excellent interference, made a run of 65 yards for a touchdown. We scored once more in the first half, making the score 12—6 in our favor. In the second half University of Maryland scored once, but on account of violating a rule in regard to kicking a goal, Capt. Dale would not permit them the privilege of a trial at goal. This immediately caused a dispute, which finally ended by the Maryland boys leaving the field. Score, Gettysburg 12, U. of M. 10. Next came the long looked for Indian game. Their fame had come be" fore them, and to say that they did credit to it is expressing it mildly. This was the prettiest game to behold that was ever played at Gettysburg. The Indians had learned some plays from Princeton, which were almost impossible to be broken up. Their weight combined with the excellent plays which they used, made it possible for them to run up the big score of 82—o on us. The result of the game with Baltimore City College was never in dfuM. Our men, especially the tackles, made gains almost as they pleased. After many long runs around the ends, and frequent "bucking of the line," our boys at the end of the second halt had run the score up to 40—o. Length of halves, 20 and 10 minutes. On Saturday evening after the game, our coach, Mr. Thomas, left for his home, his work here being finished. He certainly must be commended for the good results he brought out of the limited material which he had at his disposal. H. C. R., '99. A GETTYSBURG GLEE BOOK. A much felt want in old Gettysburg is a college song book Students and others have realized this for years, but no active measures, to our knowledge, have been taken to remedy the matter. Why not start a move-ment now which will bring about the desired result ? We need a college song book. We can have a college song book. Why not say we will have a college song book ? If others can why not we ? Philo should have its song; Phrena should have hers. Gettysburg demands it. "Gettysburg College March" wouldn't be a bad title for one of the numbers on the pro-gram of the instrumental club. However it isn't necessary that a volume of entirely new music be ar ranged. For instance, in the Harvard song book, with the exception of 1 "Johnny Harvard" and a few other selections, the book is merely a collec-tion of the favorite songs of Harvard's sons. The writer has frequently been asked to sing some of Gettysburg's college songs; when he replied that he scarcely knew what to class a Gettysburg college song, a look ot | amazement greeted him. No wonder. All colleges have their songs. Only we haven't learned ours. You can't learn them with a few practices in the spring of the year on the college campus. Place the collection of our | H^^^^^BaaH ■^^^^■B THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. 31 favorites within reach of our student body, then they will learn thern and that correctly. How can it be done? Swarthrnore's class of '98 undertook aud perfected such a work just recently. The Harvard Glee Club officials superintended their book. Committees have been appointed by the student body of other institutions? Can't we adopt one of these or some other scheme that may be convenient, to place within reach of the student body a song book, which, to every Gettysburg man is indispensable. Think the matter over. Offer your opinions aud suggestions. Let us remember, no matter what our other attainments may be, we are deficient if we never learu to sing the praises of old Gettysburg. X. Y. Z. '98. THE JUNIOR KANES. We told 'em awl to keep 'er mum; "Let not a word be said 'Til after awl the sticks have kum, And ev'ry bil's bin paid; And then we'll kerry kaues the day The Seniors ware the gown ; Aud hear the things the people say About us, in the town. Aforehaud must each Junior lern, With kane to walk about." 'Twas sed;—but soon in tern The guarded kat got out. Of korse the reazon waz quite plane ; But others soon kame out To show why Juniors used the kane,— Sum sed we had the gout. The worst of awl, was sumthin' 'bout "The steep and rocky path," "Their beasts of burden, awl plade out,"— "They must now use the staf." Our reazou's true, the mind iz strong, But flesh iz mighty week, And so to help the week along, The walkin' stick we seek. To everyone who knows our clas, It goes without a sayin'; And so they let the subject pas, 'Bout '99's new kane. J. N. K. H. 99- 32 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. OUR EXCHANGE TABLE. The Yale Literary claims to be the oldest magazine of its kind in the United States, having been established in 1836. Its looked-for visits to our desk will strengthen more family the heretofore pleasant relations existing between our institutions. The Senate of the State of Michigan has passed a bill prohibiting all foot-ball playing in the State. In England there are no college journals. The University of Paris leads the world with 11,733 students last year. Berlin follows with 9,375. The highest salary received by any college professor is that of Prof. Tur-ner, of Edinburgh, $20,000 per year. The University of Chicago now offers 1,086 courses. The Black and Red, published by the students of Northwestern Univer-sity, Watertowu, Wis., is about equally divided between the English aud German languages. WISE AND OTHERWISE. "Homicide and verbicide—that is, violent treatment of a word with fatal results to its legitimate meaning, which is its life—are alike forbidden. Manslaughter, whieh is the meaning of the one, is the same as man's laughter which is the end of the other."—Holmes. I kissed the maiden on one cheek, Then thought she tell her father; Instead she quotes from algebra, "Treat one side as the other." Blest be the tie that binds My collar to my shirt, Beneath its silk or satin folds It hides a week of dirt. I'm sure that there is one (It is a woman's style) By whom her love is won,— 'Tis shown by pretty smile ; But who it is, perchance, Is more than I can see ; She tells, O heartless glance! Her love is not for me. V* THE GETTYSBUKG MERCURY. 33 If last century a maiden Wished to send her love away, When he'd popped the fatal question, She would quietly answer "Nay." But an ardent, wooing love Only fifty years ago, If he did not suit the sweet one Would be crushed by one short "No." Now, however, if a fairy Wants to give her flame the mit, When he asks her to be "his'n," She will softly gurgle "Nit." Ex. Every man lives somewhere on the main line between honesty and knav-ery, none being at the extreme end in either direction. HK—"My head's almost on fire with the heat of the sun." SHE—"I was sure I smelled burnt wood somewhere."—Comic Cuts. "Who wrote the most, Dickens, Warren, or Bulwer?" "Warren wrote 'Now and Then,' Bulwer wrote 'Night and Morning,' and Dickens wrota 'All The Year 'Round.' " A girl wrote to her best fellow: Don't phale to be thar." He replied at once, "I'll be thar. There's no sech word as phale."—Ex. They say a most peculiar thing Has happened here in town ; A woman took her watch upstairs, And then the watch ran down. —Wellington Post. "My good fellow," said the dude to the hatter, "how's trade?" "There's really nothing in hats now-a-days," replied the hatter, trying one on the head of the dude.— Yonkers Statesman. There is a man down town who never pays for anything. He even goes to bed on tick. "I tell you, sir," said the realist, "I don't believe in taking anything for granted. In other words, I don't believe anything that I can't see." "Am I to understand," returned the idealist, "that you never kissed a girl in the dark?" Thus we see that the theories of a realist may go down before the realism of a theorist. 34 THE GETTYSBURG MERCURY. According to Darwin and others it takes a monkey thousands of years to make a man of himself; but a man can make a monkey of him-self in a minute. We lead the world,—Ex. "Pa," said Willie "I guess I know why matches are made in heaven It wouldn't be safe makin' 'em in the other place."—Harper's Bazaar. Alice—"What a gallant person Mr. Dunkley is. He never addresses me without beginning 'Fair Miss.' " Doroty—"Oh, that's force of habit. He used to be a street car conductor. —Clevela?id Leader. Bill—"Be't still a raining, Sam?" Sam—"Ah, that it be ; and not like to give over, neither. Bin a-coniin' down powerful, it 'ave. Why, I did 'ear say it's bin so bad up in London thet they're a-celebratin' the longest rain on record."— 'lit-Bits. 2fou uji'/t ft'/ttt a fu/t Una of SPure 'Drugs ocia/?y. J. A. TAWNEY Is ready to furnish clubs and boarding houses with ffiread, J^olls, do., at short notice and reasonable rates. Cor. Washington and Middle Sts , Gettysburg. *David Uroxel, DEALER IN FINE GROCERIES AND NOTIONS. Lg==York Street.^! *M0TEL GETTYSBURG* BfttBEft SHOP. GO TO Centre Square. B. M. SEFTON. -^TIPTON & BARBEHENN* BAfiB£fiS, In the Eagle Hotel, Cor. Main and Wainingtos Sti. MUMPER & BENDER, FURNITURE, Cabinet Making, Picture Frames, Baltimore St., - - GETTYSBURG, PA. "SIMON J. CODORI, —DEALER IN— BEEF, PORK, LAMB, VEAL, SAUSAGE, York Street, Gettysburg, 49»Special rates to clubs. Subscribe for ^-"s Seitysburg Wfercury. %il ACCUMULATED WEALTH. Laying up of riches isn't the only thing in life, for frequently a sour disposition is Ihe result. You want to take comfort in life as you gnaloug, one of the best ways to take com-fort is to buy well-fitting clothing. My Fall styles tire now here and the selection is lufue and varied. Suits made to your order from $12 up. Pressing and Repairing done at short no-tice. J D. MPPY. Merchant Tailor, 13 Clumbsrttsrg St., - - Settysburg, Ft. & E. SPAJY©L~E1^ Successor to J W. Eichollz & Co. DEALEU IN PIANOS, ORGANS, MUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, STRINGS, Etc. YORK STREET First Square, Gettysburg. HOB CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Wright's Gngravintj Jfcouso ^AS become the recognized leader in iJI- uniquestvlesofCOLUCUE and FRA-TKUMTV ENURAVINGS and STATION-ERY. College and class Day Invital ons. en-graved and printed from steel plates; Pro-grammes, Menus,-Wedding and Reception Invitations, Announcements, etc., etc K.V araiue prices and styles before ordering elsewhere. 50 Vlsltlne Birds f.-om How Eng-ivoi Plats $1.03. ERNEST A. WRIGHT, ma Chestnut Street, - PHILADELPHIA. JOHN L. SHEADS, NEW CIGAR STORE Next door to W. M. Depot, Gettysburg, Pa. P. F. HENNIG, Bread, Soils, Pretzels and Crackers, YORK STREET, GETTYSBURG. ^"Reasonable Rates to Clubs. L. D. WjlLLER, 10 Main St , Gettysburg, Grocer Confectioner f and Fruiterer. ICECREAM and OYSTERS IN SEASON. GETTYSBURG, PA, - Main St. City Motel, FREE 'BUS TO AND FROM ALL TRAINS, RATES $,150 and $2,00 PER DAY, Thirty Socoaar Will from Eithir Depot. Hiy.XER WITH DRIVE OVER FIELD WITH 1, OR MORE $1.35. JOHN E. HUGHES. Prop'r. GO TO. G. A. BLOCHER'S ftwtlff Stilt FOR Souvenir Spoons, Sword Pins, &c. All Kinds of Jewelry. Repairing a Specialty. Post Office Coreer, Centre Square. if~J-—- PHOTOGRAPHED, No. 3 MAIN STREET, GETTYSBURG, PA-Out new Enameled Aristo Pot traits are equal to Photos made anywhere, and at any pi ice. » FOOT BALL SUPPLIES. Spalding League Ball, Iffits, Masks, etc. Managers should send for sam-ples and special rates Every requisite for Tennis, Golf, Cricket, Track and Field Gymnasium Equipments and Outfits. Complete Catalogue Spring and Summer Sports Free. "THE NAME THE GUARANTEE." A. G. SPAIDING & BROS., New York, Philailelphia, Chicago. S. G. Spangler & Co. f©ine . >^o- Telephone 39. 102 E. Middle St. S. J. Codori, c -*^lc)puggist. DEALER IN 2)ruys, TtyedicineSj "Uoiiet Sfr-tie/ es, Stationery, S/3ianAr ttoo/csj jfmateur iPho-toyrahic Supplies, E^, 2!) BALTIMORE ST., GETTYSBURG. PA. SPECIAPAI-DTTTO'T,ON 60LLESE WORK. A Fine Collection of BATTLEFIELD VIEWS Always on hand. Mail Orders receive Prompt Attention. CALL OIM. F. N|4RK BREAM, The Carlisle Street Grocer, Who always has on hand a full line of fine Groceries. HOTEL * GETTYSBURJ UwAtoil no CVlitre Bqiuira win-re M,r|I Ian Hoitriu formerly Htond. j «£T7 iVIIUiG, FEX.vJM RATES $2 PER DAM It is the acknowledged I.ciidifl Hotel of Gettysburg. !k-agH througrnut with Sn inn ; hotTB cold Untlis: commodious Safl pie Rooms; liiiiiiig-riiiini cupgH ity, 2UU; has a I uisiue ofrM excellence. Headquarters ra| League of American tth.rlmeM Headquarters, commercial tijH elers. Headquarters, milituryiH civic societies. Free 'bus [c'ajfl from all trains. H. & D. K. MILLER, PROPRJ E'MER « flKIENP, Manufacturers and Importers of ^ ^ CHEMICALS *-» CHEMICAL 205, 207, 209 & 211 Third Ave., Corner 18th St., pinest Bohemian and German Glassware. Royal Berlin and Meissen Porcelain, Purest Hammered Platinum, Balancesand Weights, Zeiss Micro- scopes, and Bacteriologica Apparatus, Chemically Pure Acids, and Assay Goods. t_£—'Established 1876.—£J-> WAT6HMAKEF AND rlEWELER, Gettysburg Souvenir Spoons. College Souvenir Spoons. No. 10 Balto. St. - GETTYSBURG, PA. THE Lutheran! PUBLISHING H0US1 _^^No. 42 North 9U1 St.J PHILADELPHIA, PA.1 Acknowledged Headquarters [i .r in the way of BOOKS FOR CHURCHES, FAMILItM COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS, AXD I LITERATURE, FOR SUN-DAY SVAOOLS. PLEASE BEMEMBEB That by sending your orders to usyoS help build up and develop one of the] Churche's institutions, with pccmiiaifl advantage to yourself. Address HENRY S. BONER, SUP'T, No. 42 North 9th PHIL A BARBER ^SHC 3. Qharles (5-. Se/^or"» ^ Proprietor, BALTIMORESTEEBM The Place for Students to Go, Only First-class Tonsorinl norH

I The College Mefcufy. VOL. IV. GETTYSBURG, PA., OCTOBER, 1896. No. 6. THE COLLEGE MEfiCURY, Published each month during the college year by the Students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. STAFF. Editor: ROBBIN B. WOLF, '97. Associate Editors : LEWIS C. MANGES, '97. ED. W. MEISENHELDER, SAMUEL J. MILLER '97. CHARLES T. LARK '98. JOHN W. OTT, '97, CHARLES H. TILP, '98. E. L. KOLLER, '98. Alumni Association Editor: REV. D. FRANK GARLAND, A. M., Baltimore, Md. Business Manager : HARRY R, SMITH, '97. Assistant Business Manager: JOHN E. MEISENHELDER, '97. -TWT,™,. /One volume (ten months), . . . $1.00 1ERMS-\Slngle copies, 15 . Payable in advance. All Students are requested to hand us matter for publication. The Alumni and ex-members of the College will lavor us by sending information concerning their whereabouts or any items they may think would be interesting for publication. All subscriptions and business matters should be addressed to the business manager. Matter Intended for publication should be addressed to the Editor. Address, THE COLLEGE MERCURY, Gettysburg, Pa. CONTENTS. EniTORIALS, • - -- .".-.-- 82 A SUGGESTION, - - - - - 84 LIST OF NEW STUDENTS. - - --- 84 COLLEGE LOCALS, -- - - - - - ' - - -85 THE PENNSYLVANIA CHATAUQUA, - - - - - 89 ALUMNI NOTES, .--89 TOWN AND SEMINARY NOTES, 92 FRATERNITY NOTES, .-.--.---93 LITERARY SOCIETIES, --.-.--94 ATHLETICS, - 95 EDITORIAL. WELCOME ! boys of 1900. Words more fit-ting to open the first column of this issue, could not be found. So much enthusiasm in the reception of a class has not been shown since the advent of the class of '93. Seniors, Juniors and even "those Sophs" vie with each other in saluting the Freshmen. We welcome them because of their number, their manly ap-pearance and finally their gentlemanly de-meanor. Their memorable battles with the Sophomores are over. The war was conducted on the same lines as last year, viz: the banner fight and the class rush. The history of the banner fight is brief. The Sophomores hung theirs on a high sycamore on the campus and surrounded the tree. The Freshmen raised their banner on the college cupola and blocked the stairway. Great excitement ensued. Each class fixed their eyes on the enemy's flag and recognized the impossibility of capturing it. The struggle, as usual, ended with Dr. Mc- Knight and Gov. coming on the scene and re-moving both flags. It is about time for this child's pla}r to stop. The class rush was, beyond a doubt, won by the Freshmen. The Sophs were completely out-numbered and they could not keep to-gether as well as the enormous mass of Fresh-men. This, too, is a practice that could be dispensed with. Several boys came near losing their lives. One of them, a good foot-ball man, sustained a compound fracture of the collar bone. Often neither class bears off a de-cisive victory and even when the victory is de-cisive, it amounts to nothing. The classes had much better show their superiority to one another by base-ball and foot-ball games. * * * THE foot-ball season is again here and that 83 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. with far better prospects than we had last year. Several very heavy men fill up the vacancies in the lines created by the exit of the class of '96, and some strong active men the places be-hind the line. Nearly all our good players were graduated in '96, but the captain, man-ager and last but not least, "the trainer," are doing faithful work to put a victorious team into the field. For only the second time in the history of Gettysburg foot-ball we have a trainer. Nothing is more essential to success in foot-ball than to have a graduate from one of the university teams drill our eleven. Who-ever the captain may be, he is looked upon by the players as one of themselves and they fail to render implicit obedience, but they readily listen to the coach because they recognize his superior knowledge of the game. Mr. Best, the coach, hails from Mechanicsburg, Pa. He played left end and end rusher on the Lehigh University team for two years and not only bucked up against some very strong teams, but also had the advantage of training under such coaches as Graves, Heffelfinger and Hartwell. He possesses all the attributes of a good trainer and the effects of his work are fast becoming manifest. Mr. U. A. Jump, the former coach, brought out the best team we have ever had and doubt-less Mr. Best will do equally well. IT is humiliating to chronicle the fact that one of the students has turned thief. During the class rush one of the Freshmen had sixty-nine dollars of hard earned money stolen from his room. The thief was evidently acquainted with the room and its occupant and since he took the money and left a gold watch, we are forced to the painful conclusion that it was one of our own number. The student body has taken the matter in hand and will do every-thing to detect and punish the scoundrel. There have always been boys in college who stole books, stick-pins, etc., but this is the first considerable robbery that has ever occur-red. The business staff of the MERCURY is con-strained to give the subscribers a broad hint about the payment of their dues. We do not mean that you should pay for several 5'ears in advance, but pay your back dues. A few sub-scribers are in arrears for three years. If you continue delinquent after kindly advice, we shall have to use a more effectual method. * * * ALL new students should subscribe for the MERCURY, and not only should they subscribe for it, but they should give it their support all around. Hand in some article of interest to students or alumni, or forsooth a few verses of poetry. The paper is published solely by the students and all members of that body are ex-pected to give us their hearty co-operation. * * * COLLEGE never opened under more favor-able auspices. Sixty-one were enrolled as Freshmen, while two men joined the Sopho-more class and one the Junior. The dormi-tory is literally filled to the brim. The Pre-paratory Department also opened with a larger number than ever before. A list of the new boys will be found on another page. * * * AT a recent meeting of the Athletic Asso-ciation, it resolved upon pwe athletics. This was brought about by the refusal of Dickinson and other colleges to play with us as long as we had outside men on our teams. It is an excellent move on the part of the boys and cannot be too highly appreciated. Ever since the advent of inter-collegiate athletics, we have had non-collegiate men on our teams, and while they strengthened the teams, they put a damper to the college spirit. Students refused to support a team which was not a college team and the athletic interest was rather low. The movement was not intended as a slight to the town boys who have helped us win many games, but was simply to meet the demands of our sister colleges. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 84 A SUGGESTION. The small attendance at the Alumni meet-ings of the past three or four years has forced itself upon the notice of the General Associa-tion and caused the appointment of a commit-tee to devise a more popular entertainment for those who revisit their Alma Mater. It is un-fair to able speakers to ask them to prepare careful addresses and then confront them with thin audiences in Brua Chapel. Perhaps a formal and more distinctly social affair would have better chances of success. I have a pro-posal to offer which may be taken for what it is worth. The plan is substantially that which has been incorporated at Yale University. The thing essential to good fellowship is a dinner, or cold lunch, not expensive, but suf-ficient to constitute a comfortable repast. It ought to be at an hour near enough to the usual hour of dinner to take the place of that meal. One o'clock immediately after the com-mencement exercises, or possibly after the ora-torical contest would be a suitable time. The day on which most graduates from abroad can be present should be chosen. First of all should come the graduates seated by classes and assigned to places of honor ac-cording to seniority of degree. Those who have received honorary degrees should, of course, be included. The members of the Board should by all means be present, whether bearing degrees or not. Many of them are eminent benefactors of the college and their attendance could not but be inspiring. A few distinguished guests from outside would add in-terest and dignity to the occasion. The presiding officer should be either the President of the College or the President of the Board. He should have the privilege of calling for brief speeches from the best after-dinner speakers present. Special efforts should be made to encourage class reunions at the third, fifth, tenth, fifteenth, twentieth, and other quinquennial anniversaries. When once it is known that at these intervals one is cer-tain to meet a considerable number of his sur-viving classmates the motive for coming at such times will be very strong. At these re-unions each class might choose some one to represent them at the general alumni dinner and might notify the presiding officer to call upon them in their proper order. The tone of the speeches should be such as will conduce most to the good humor and gratification of those present. While the graver interests of the college need not be for-gotten they must not be intruded so as to in-terfere with the absolute enjoyment of the oc-casion, which should be, as far as possible, a time for renewing the care-free and generous associations of youth. It fell to my lot during the past summer to compile a brief history of the college. I was impressed as never before with the dignity and honorableness of its past, with the rank and respectability of its graduates, and with the extent and degree of its usefulness to many of the churches, to society and to the nation. More than a thousand men of power and dis-tinction, three-fourths of whom survive, are enrolled as graduates, while several thousand are indebted to it for less complete training. Surely it is worth while to strengthen by all proper means the tie that unites us and to give one another the encouragement that comes from the consciousnesss of union in a great in-stitution. J. A. H. LIST OF NEW STUDENTS. FRESHMEN. B. Baker, Lititz. R. Bechfol, Lockhaven. A. Bennett, Thurrnont. S. Bottiger, ITazelton. A. Brandt, Lebanon. E. Bregenzer, Baltimore, Md. F. Carver, Hanover. B. Cessna, Bedford. B. Claney, Allegheny. D. Clare, Abbottstown. T. Cole, Altoona. Dale, Lemont. N. Diehl, Cashtown. J. Dietrich, Frackville. C Dougherty, Gettysburg. W. Dress, Steelton, A. Dustman, Gettysburg. J. I. Humer, Middaghs. C. Hurst, Mechanicsburg. R. Z, Imler, Bedford. Miss A. M. Keith, Gettysburg.! Miss M. L. Keith, Gettysburg.! J. F. Knittel, Catawissa. F. E. Kalb, Allegheny. J. S. Kohler, Glenville. H. G. Koppenhafer, Millersburg. S. I. Lafferty, Altoona. W. G. Lawyer, Westminster, Md. J, C. McCarney, Arendtsville. J. G. Mcllhenny, Gettysburg. W. N. McNair, Middletown. J. C. Markel, Columbia. W. J. Miller, Philadelphia.! W. R. Miller, Friesburg, N. J. 85 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. R. H. Ebcrly, Mechanicsburg. H, D. K. Ebersole, Hummelstown. F. H. B. Ernest, Elizabethville. J. II. \V. Fahringer, Catawissa. A. Miss C. G. Frey, Gettysburg. E. W. Frey, York. W C. L. Gates, Gettysburg. M A. D. Gilbert, Friesburg. F. K. E. Good, Gettysburg. G. C. H. Gunter, Pierson, Fla. L. J. K. Hamaeher, Steelton. C. J. F. Hcilman, Harrisburg. W 8. A. Hitchner, Friesburg. G. C. Howard, Gettysburg. H. {Special. SOPHOMORES. W. R. Edwards, P. of Rocks, Md. W. J. Klinei'elter, Glenville. . W. Schwartz, Red Land. P. Shoup, Greensburg. L. A. Sieber, Gettysburg. T. Smith, Johnstown. S. Stalnaker, Hanover. , H. Stiefel, Allegheny. . Stock, Hanover. M. Traub, Bloomsburg. D. Weaver, Newry. A. Weigle, Mechanicsburg. Wendt, New York. , C. Williams, Gettysburg. C. Wisotzki, Gettysburg. N. Young, Anselma. JUNIORS. J. A. Singmaster, Allentown. PREPARATORIANS. Annrick, H. G., Koser. Annrick, J. B., Leffler, Buehler, Lightner. Miss Blocher, Loudon, G. W., Bordy, Loudon, C. B., Bower, Mehring. Burns, Miller, Miss Carrie Brown , McClean, Miss Cora Brown, Munro, Crouse, Key, Culler, O'Neal, Currens, Miss Peters, Deatrick, Peters, Miss Diehl, Perriod Evans, Renner, Eveler. Roscnsteel, Earnshaw, Swope, D., Easterday, Swope, C, Eckert, Stonesifer, Fredericks, Snyder,' Fite, Sharp, Gates, Miss Sieber, Grenoble, Taylor, Gladfelter, ■ Tawuey, Hageman, Trostle, Hegeman, J. L., Van Dorn.' Hegcrman, R. L., Miss Warner, Hoffman, Weber, Kahler, 'Miss Ziegler, Ziegler. COLLEGE LOCALS. EDMUND W. MEISENHELDER and E L. KOLLER, Editors. "Pearlie" says that we seniors study politi-cal economical. Mr. K., '99, asked Dr. M. whether he could be excused from taking German because he could converse in Pennsylvania Dutch. It has been learned from an ex-member of '99, that Mr. M., '96, is going "out there to the reverend school." For almost a week '99 had boasted of her physical powers. She had tired all the stu-dents with the boasts of what she would do to the "baby Freshies" in the class rush. On the night of Sept. 8th, different sounds were heard coming from the "Prep." campus. 1900, after some delay, had mustered together their forces and at 9.45 P. M. sent forth their }Tell of defiance. '99 responded in good time, and also with an almost full class. At no time during the evening was '99 in it, but they were pushed around the field from time to time, at the will of 1900 until about 11 o'clock, they decided to play "quits." We are sorry to add that during the course of the evening several men wore pretty badly hurt from being tram-pled upon ; but we are also happy to add that all are now recovered from their injuries. Dr. B., "How many declensions do we have in Latin ?" K., '99, "six." Mr. S., '97, Dr. there are cobwebs on the end of the telescope.'' Dr. N., "They must have come off of your brain." Dr. N., (to Mr. W., '97, who has been play-ing with some of the astronomical instruments) "Mr. W. you would make a good Freshman." Mr. L-, 1900 thinks that the foot-ball team is going to travel in style since he heard that they thought of getting a coach. Mr. C, '98, thinks that there is a certain Moral Freshness in "As You Like It." Prof. H., "Mr. K., do you know what a buss is?" Mr. K., '98, "No sir." "Kitzy" has forgotten it, that is all. He knew what it was at one time. Mr. H. '98, (in Latin) "I thought it meant to perpetrate the memory of the dead.'' Dr. B., "Doubtless you mean perpetuate." Mr. F., '98, thinks that the Sphinx of Egypt is a wasp. Mr. K., 1900, does not like the sulphur water he gets here. The Biological Course is at last a reality and we are glad to see such a large number of students take an interest in it. It is elective for those only who have the study of medicine in view, and the benefit derived by those from such a department is infinite. From the odors and sounds proceeding from THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 86 the room set apart for this purpose, it bids fair to excel our chemical laboratory. The MERCURY extends the heartiest wishes for the success of the department. Contrary to the usual custom of placing a class flag on the dormitory, '99 placed theirs in the top of a tall tree on the campus; giving for their reason for so doing that they did not care to have the college property injured in any way. "A poor excuse is better than none" and this departure from the time hon-ored custom was looked upon as a cowardly piece of work by the upper classmen, especially since one of the ' 99 class was stationed on the tree. This rendered the capture of the flag absolutel)' impossible. 1900 now ran up their flag on the top of the dormitory and uttered their cry of defiance, Neither class moved to tear down the ban-ner of the other and the whole affair was end-ed in a manner satisfactory to both by the ap-pearance of Dr. McKnight. As is the custom on these occasions, the Freshmen should have answered the challenge of the Sophomores instead of running up a flag of their own. Altogether it was a disgraceful proceeding from beginning to end. This college has had brought into its notice one of the most despicable deeds of which a collegeman is capable; the theft of money from a fellow student. This is the most cowardly act that has occurred for some time and the miscreant, if he is able to be found,-will and should be treated with the utmost severity. Such things must cease, since the property of no student is safe so long as there is a thief in their midst. We are glad to make note of Pearl's mous-tache. We were afraid that nobody else would. Pearl says "it is home-raised." The foot-ball team has again been organized and quite a number of new men are enrolled as applicants. A coach has been hired and the boys are working hard. Let those who do not play give the players their encouragement, for it is only by this means that the team will be a success. Our boys cannot win every game and we hope that the student body will realize this. Do not discourage the players with any unfavorable remark. Foot-ball is not play, but the hardest kind of work. Let class teams be organized, for class spirit makes college spirit and that is what we need most of all. This year's Freshman class is the largest in the history of the college, and we hope that among its numbers may be men who will do their utmost for the promotion of all college interests. Men are needed in the Y. M. C. A. in the societies, class-rooms and foot-ball field. Let each and every member of 1900 work his best in these departments. The class of '98 has always been and always will be a prominent factor in the history of this college. Her classical men have already started upon their scientific career, and won-derful discoveries are being made. The first one was made by Herbert, who discovered that Lab. matches can be ignited only on the box. The second was made by "Zim," who discovered that some of his Lab. supplies had mysteriously disappeared. The question in which most upper classmen are concerned is, "Who shall we bum for this 01 that since George L., '98, has left us? " The '98 Spectrum is now under way and contributions are solicited from the different classes. Every man in college, aside from general appeals for support to the students as a whole, should be personally and privately interested in the Spectrum. Let the Spectrum receive the hearty support of the classes, and we are sure that '98 herself will not forget the aid she has received and will, in turn, assist in every way possible succeeding Specbums. "Sister," '97, is preparing to astonish the the world with his new water cycle. The first attempt was not very successful, the only re-sult obtained being a suit of wet clothes. We would suggest that "Sister" wear a bathing suit when riding along a mill race. This would save him the trouble of borrowing another suit from an obliging farmer. One of the redeeming features of the new men is their extreme politeness. A Freshman unintentionally rubbed against a Soph, the night of the rush, and immediately begged his pardon. H., 1901, is also very polite. In the game at State College, he remarked to his opponent: I beg your pardon sir, but don't you know you daren't hold me? Y., 1900, on the return trip from State Col-lege thought he would ride on a pullman car. When the porter came round for the money, Y. told him he was traveling with the foot-ball team. THE MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS.—We are 1 glad to see that the musical clubs have com- 87 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. menced work so early ; this is always an ad-vantage and insures good concerts all through the season. The clubs have practically the same members as last year—two having drop-ped out of the Octette. CLUB. Second Tenor, White, '97. GLEE First Tenor, Nicholas, '98. Ott, '97- First Basso. Second Basso. Roller, '98. Manges, '97. Lark, '98. VIOLIN QUARTET. Erdman,'98; Lark,98; Smith,'99; Manges,'97. The voices of a number of applicants for the Glee Club were tested recently and Armstrong, '97, for second tenor, and Lauffer and Mussel-man, '99, for second basso, were selected on trial. Mr. Manges, who so ably managed the clubs last year, was re-elected, and under his management there is no reason why the clubs should not have a brilliant and successful sea-son. POLITICS.—Just at this time, when there is so much discussion about Bryan and McKinley, Free Silver and Gold, the students of Gettys-burg College are manifesting their political views. Beginning with the first morning, and perhaps earlier, the Silverites with their Bry-an hats, were observed arguing earnestly with the Gold bugs. But, since the most conclu-sive argument is that of voting a "straw vote" was held, which resulted as follows :. McKinley, Bryan, Palmer, - Levering, - This shows pretty nearly the sentiment of the fellows, although this isn't exactly it, for quite a number agreed to vote for "Billy" Bryan "just for fun." THE Y. M. C. A. RECEPTION.—One of the pleasant things for the new men, and one that helps to relieve, or abate for the time be-ing, their homesickness, is the annual recep-tion to new Students, given under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association. This year it was held Friday evening, Septem-ber 4th, in Philo hall, and was well attended. Excellent addresses were made by Dr. Mc- Knight, Prof. Klinger and Dr. Huber. The second part—held in the historic ' 'sweat-box'' —seemed to attract most of the fellows. Ice cream and cake were served to all. It is an 108 34 18 10 excellent custom and one that should be con-tinued. JOIN A LITERARY SOCIETY !—We cannot urge too strongly upon the new men the ad-vantage of joining one of the two literary so-cieties— either the Philomathean or the Phren-akosmian. The training given by these so-cieties is helpful throughout the course and in after life, and one who is not a member of either of the societies will only realize what he is missing when thrown into contact with those who are members. Join a society ! THE TWO FIRES.—There were two fires lately, occurring in the same week, and of in-terest here because the students of college con-tributed a large share in saving property. The first was a barn north of college, struck by lightning and considerable live stock burned. The other, occurring on a cold and windy Sat-in day night, was the barn and stable of Mr. Sheads, proprietor of the unfermented wine establishment on Seminary Ridge. The fire burned fiercely for quite a while, and it was only through the efforts of the students, who were there in full force, that the house, ad-joining the burning barn and stable, was saved. Mr. C, 1900, (in History)—"At this time the Dutckess of York .'' Dr. M. (interrupting)—"I guess you mean the Dutchy of York." Now, what is the differ-ence between a duchess and a dutchy t Mr. C.—"A dutchess is a woman, and a dutchy is a man ! '' Dr. M.—"You are evidently being misled by a popular nickname. It is not the dutchy the boys sometimes call me ! " The Juniors were in Lab. learning the sym-bols of the elements, and Dr. B. said: Mr. T. what does Ba stand for?" The class, evi-dently thinking of B. A. T., roared. There are two songs—and two only—that seem to be the favorites around college: "Just Tell Them That You Saw Me," and "She May Have Seen Better Days." Morning, noon and night you can hear the soul inspiring strains of one of the two songs either sung, whistled or played on Webby's flute. Can't we have something new. "B. A. J. T.," '98, says that only the dum-mies in the Junior class take Anglo Saxon and that the ones who take the Biological course are even worse dummies because "they got their legs pulled for five dollars." He takes Calculus. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 88 L., 1900 (in History) Henry VIII tried to •'get a pull with the Cardinal, so that" Dr. M., "Mr. E- what did you say?" E., "Why Henry VIII tried to get on the right side of the Cardinal.'' F., 98, recently electrified the class by the startling statement that "in this year there were about twelve months !" Herbie always was noted for original sayings. We have been reliably informed that R., '99, received a large size turn down from a fellow traveller on the train while coming to Gettys-burg. When a free-silver Sophomore gets to arguing with a sound money politician and lawyer of Philadelphia, he is very much like the man who fell out of the balloon. Some freshmen are green, others are ver-dant; but about D., 1900, there is a delightful woodland freshness that is amusing. He was persuaded to hand in to the Athletic Associa-tion a written application to catch for the Col-lege base ball team. We have also heard that he wants to try for the Glee Club. F., '98, says "Co-operation is the thief of time." Next thing you know he'll be writing a revised version of Proverbs. "Kitzy" wanted to hear Nick give "Push along my honey, push along," on the micro-scope. Although Nick can imitate almost any-thing, he admitted that that was one too many for him. New yells lately heard : Bargains ! Bargains ! Rah ! Rah ! Rah ! Cohen Brothers! Gettysburgia ! Klink, Klank, Klunk, Klink, Klank, Klunk, Psychology, Psychology, Watch us flunk. Ninety-eight. Biological! Rah ! Rah ! Rah ! Ninety-eight, Gettysburgia. K., '99, had numerous sad experiences with some of the ladies who were here with ' 'The Lancers." One told him that she was tired of talking to kids. Another told him she could not dance with him, and pointed to her sleeve to show that she was in mourning. K., then said, "is your sleeve ripped? I can soon fix that." Again when he was happily talking to one of them, her mother came up and drove him off. We regret that he had such hard luck in his maiden effort in courtship. Y. M. C. A. NOTES. It must be gratifying to every man who loves the work of Christ, and especially de-sires its success among our students to see"the interest taken in it by the new men. The very first meeting saw many of them give themselves to the Association, entering with spirit into its aims, and manifesting an unus-ual sense of its importance in the college life. We look forward to a year of earnest, devoted, successful work. To those who have not yet joined us we say come with us, we need you, we need your thoughts, your prayers, your ability to labor for Christ. At the latest business meeting Prof. O. G. Klingc was elected treasurer of the building fund in place of Dr. H. L. Baugher resigned. The Association feels grateful to Dr. Baugher for his careful husbanding of the Association's funds, and we are sorry to have lost him. We hope he will still visit us and help us in our meetings. The Association has this year taken up a new line of work in this department, suggested in part by the Northfield Conference, where the importance of the Bible Study Department of the college association was dwelt upon at considerable length. The Freshman and Soph-omore classes will have what is termed ' 'perm-anent courses," with the student leaders as has been customary; the former studying the Eife of Christ and the latter the Eife of Paul. The Juniors and Seniors will have Professors for leaders and will, together with their lead-ers, choose their own line of work; Prof. Himes taking the Seniors, and Prof. Breiden-baugh the Juniors. These classes, it should be observed, are entirely separate from the college curriculum and are adopted solely for co-operative, devotional study. A short time ago "Simon," '98, jumped out of his bed about midnight and rrapped at his own door in order that he might get in and retire. During the heavy storm on Sept. 29, '96, Dr. Nixon is said to have been on the roof, whether to find out the velocity of the wind, or to keep the roof from blowing away is not known. The '98 Bible class called on Dr. Baugher on the eve of Oct. 1, '96. 89 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. Mr. K., '99, recently explained the familiar saying of "bench, bar and pulpit," in the fol-lowing manner : "The bench is the bench of justice; the bar is the bar-room, and the pulpit is where the preacher stands." Dr. B., "What is arsenic acid." A. B. Buun, '98, "Vinegar." Dr. M., Translate, il a soi xante millions de francs. D., 1900, "He has 60 miles of France. In a student's college course there come few such pleasant times as the class of '97 enjoyed with Mr. Wolf at his home on the evening of September 16. Great were the anticipations of the boys, but they were far surpassed in every particular. As they approached his home they found the grounds beautifully lighted with Chinese lanterns, while the novel '97 pumpkins delighted everyone. Mr. Wolf was assisted in receiving by his father and mother, his sister and Miss Nicholson, of Phil-adelphia. A large number of Gettysburg's most charming young ladies, together with some who were visiting from Washington and Philadelphia, graced the occasion. Delight-fully interesting games were provided and the happy hours sped oidy too rapidly. The cat-erer's art was well tested that night, for from oyster pate through the various courses to cof-fee, everything was excellent and most daint-ily served. Later in the evening the college songs at the piano and the sweet strains of the beautiful guitars and Spanish mandolins on the veranda, lent their charms to the tete-a-tetes and moonlight strolls. For it was moon-light, and such moonlight as the girls call "divine." It was a perfect evening in every respect and everyone left grateful to Mr. Wolf not only for his most pleasant entertainment, but for one of the brightest memories of our college days. "THE PENNSYLVANIA CHATAUQUA." The usual inter-collegiate oratorical contest was held on the 29th of last July at Mt. Gretua, under the management of the Penn-sylvania Chatauqua. Gettysburg was represented for the first time and acquitted herself in a way that dem-onstrated the thoroughness of training she gives her students. Several colleges were represented, Lehigh, Franklin and Marshall, Haverford, Gettys-burg, Dickinson, Ursiuus and Muhlenberg. Ursinus received the prize, a silver cup, and Franklin and Marshall came in second. Gettysburg, .the judges decided, was supe-rior in composition. Let us take an interest in this contest and determine that next year the palm will be ours. ALUWINI. L. C MANGES and CHARLES H. TILP. Editors. '42. Rev. Geo. Parson, D. D., of Sunbury, Pa., is recovering from a severe illness. '42. Rev. A. J. Weddell, D. D., pastor em-eritus of Trinity Lutheran church at Norris-town, Pa,, died suddenly at his home in that city on September 14th. '46. Rev. A. M. Geiger, D D., spent a por-tion of the summer on the great lakes. He is now the guest of his brother, Dr. H. R. Gei-ger, Springfield, O. '57. The volume of the Lutheran Commen-tary, by Rev. H. L. Baugher, D. D., is now in the press. '57. Rev. J. A. Earnest, D. D., of Mifflin-burg, Pa., was married on Sept. 8th, to Mrs. Maria Louisa Cronmiller, of the same place, by Rev. M. L. Shindel. We extend hearty congratulations. '58. Rev. S. B. Barnitz, D. D., the Western Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, re-cently spent a Sunday at Beloit, Kansas, win-ning golden opinions from his hearers. '62. Rev. J. B. Keller of Smithsburg, Md., has resigned. '62. By the will of Miss Sarah Acker, lately deceased, St. Paul's Lutheran church, Lion-ville, Pa., of which Rev. F. Klinefelter is pas tor, becomes the recipient of the interest of $1,000; one-half for the benefit of the congre-gation, and the remainder to be used for the cemetery. '63. Dr. Davis Garber, Professor of Mathe-matics in Mnhlenburg College, died recently at his home in Allentown. '68. Rev. Lee M. Heilman'schurch at Har-risburg, was recently the recipient of a fine THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 90 two manual pipe organ valued at $1,800. The donors, Rev. E. Dason, a retired Lutheran minister, and his wife, are members of Rev. Heilman's church. '70. Rev. E. Manges, of Felton, Pa., as-sisted Rev. H. H. Flick at his Harvest-home communion, at Fisherville, Pa. '71. Rev. S. A. Weikert was presented with a handsome nickle-plated Victor bicycle by the clergyman's friends. '71. Rev. Chas. E. Hay's translation of "Luther's Theology," by Koestlin, is now in press. '72. Rev. Jno. Brubaker was elected a direc-tor of the Seminary, by the Allegheny Synod, at its recent meeting. '72. Rev. B. B. Collins, of Meyersdale, Pa., was a delegate to the large K. of P. convention at Gettysburg, last mouth. '73. Rev. Wm. S. Freas, D. D., of St. Paul's Lutheran church, of York, was pleas-' antly surprised by his devoted people on his return from his vacation. The pastor's study had been attractively repapered and renovated. '73. Christ Second Lutheran church, of Al-toona, of which J. F. Hartman is pastor, cele-brated its twenty-fifth anniversary from the 4th to the 9th of September. '74 The new Lutheran church at New Mill-port, Pa., Rev. M. O. T. Sahm, pastor, is to be dedicated on October 18th. It is a hand-some edifice and cost nearly $7,000. '75. St. John's Lutheran church of Lewis-town, is to celebrate its centennial anniversary from October 18th to 25th. The pastor, Rev. M. S. Cressman, has arranged ah interesting program. Dr. S. A. Ort is to speak on Sun-day morning, and after a week of interesting services, the closing sermon is to be preached by Rev. J. M. Reimensnyder, D. D., of Milton. '75. Rev. M. L. Young, Ph. D., has enter-ed upon the 13th year of his pastorate at Meyersdale, Pa. '76. Rev. Wm. A. Shipman, of the First Lutheran church of Johnstown, Pa., spent part of his summer vacation in Gettysburg. '77. Hon. H. M. Clabaugh, Attorney Gen-eral of Maryland, recently paid the college a visit. He was accompanied by Governor Lowndes, of Md. He takes a great interest in his Alma Mater. '77. Rev. W. M. Baum, Jr., of Canajoharie, New York, spent his vacation in Philadelphia, Pa. '77. Rev. Charles S. Trump, of St. Johu's Lutheran church, Martinsburg, W. Va., has returned from his trip to California. '78. Rev. Adam Stump, of York, Pa., since his return from the West, is delivering a series of interesting lectures on the condition of the West at the present time. '80. Rev. Prof. L. B. Wolf, of Guntur, In-dia, has a book in press entitled, "After Fifty Years," or a history of Foreign Missions in the General Synod. '80. The work of Rev. C. W. Heisler, of Denver, Col., at the late meeting of the Rock River Chatauqua, is very highly spoken of by the press of Sterling, 111. '81. Rev. J. W. Byers, Ph. D., D. D., of Nevada, Ohio, has been appointed one of the Board of School Examiners of Wyandot county, Ohio. '82. The session of Mount Amoena Semi-nary, Mt. Pleasant, N. C., opened on Septem-ber 10th with a large and flattering attendance of young ladies, and others have entered this week. Rev. Prof. C. L. T. Fisher is still at the head of the institution. '82. Rev. A. R. Steck, pastor of St. James Lutheran church of Gettysburg, spent his vacation at Stewartsville, N. J. '83. At a recent meeting of the Allegheny Synod Rev. W. W. Austadt was elected as a delegate to the General Synod and also direc-tor of the Seminary. '83. Rev. Prof. H. G. Buehler and wife, of Lakeville, Conn., have returned from their European trip. '83. Rev. P. Livingston has entered upon the seventh vear of his pastorate in St. Mark's York, Pa. '84, Rev. F. L. Bergstresser was elected a director of the Seminary to serve an unex-pired term of one year. '85. Rev. H. M. Heilmau, of Bethany Luth-eran church, Altoona, Pa., spent a portion of his vacation at Cape May, New Jersey. '86. The corner-stone of Whitemarsh Evan-gelical Lutheran church, near Fort Washing-ton, was laid on Sept. 27, in the presence of a large number of people. The exercises were 91 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. in charge of the pastor, Rev. J. Eugene Diet-terich. He was assisted by Rev. U. S. G. Rupp, '90. '86. M. G. Motter was recently elected as-sistant Prof, of Anatomy in the Biological de-partment of Georgetown University. '87. A very good photograph of Rev. H. C. Alleman, pastor of Trinity Lutheran church, Chambersburg, Pa., appeared in the Valley Spirit, of that city, recently. '88. F. E. Metzger, professor of Ancient Languages in Lutherville College, Md., and Miss Martha Thomas, Eckhart Mines, Md., were married at Frostburg, Md., on Septem-ber 10th. '88. Rev. D. Frank Garland, pastor of the Church of the Reformation, Baltimore, Md., has tendered his resignation in order to accept a call to Taneytown, Md. He will begin at the latter place in October. '88. Rev. Luther S. Black, of the College church, Gettysburg, Pa., goes to Johnstown, N. Y., October 1st. '88. Rev. S. D. Daugherty, of Sharpsburg, has accepted a call to Grace Lutheran church, Altoona, Pa. '89. Morris W. Croll has gone to Cleve-land, Ohio, to resume his duties as teacher of English in the University School where he taught last year. '89. Prof. Ira Tipton has accepted a pro-fessorship in the Hill School, of Pottstown, a private school that prepares students for Yale College. We are informed that his duties will be to teach Latin and English. '89. Burgess R. E. Wible delivered the ad-dress of welcome to the Annual State Conven-tion of the Jr. O. U. A. M., which was held in the M. E. church of Gettysburg. '91. Mr. Schmucker Duncan has returned to Yale College to take up some special studies. '91. R N. Hartman, Ph. D., has charge of the Quant. Chem. Lab. of Tufts College, and will do investigation work under Prof. Arthur Michael. He expects to enter a German uni-versity next year. '91. Rev. C. L. Ritter was one of the speak-ers at the large gathering near Middletown, Md., on August 29th. '92. Rev. George Beiswanger, of Calvary Lutheran church, Baltimore, Md., has issued a neat card of topics of his sermons for the next 6 weeks. He will by special request preach a series of sermons on "What is Mar-riage?" "Is it a failure?" "Whom to Marry," "When to Marry," "How to Marry." '92. The newly erected church at Saddlers, near Shrewbury, York county, Pa., Rev. H. E. Berkey, pastor, is to be dedicated on the first Sunday in November. The church is a union one. Rev. H. H. Weber, of York, Pa., is to preach one of the sermons in German and raise the amount of money necessary to dedi-cate free of debt. '93. Virgil R. Saylor has been elected prin-cipal of the Salisbury schools at Elklick, Pa. '93. Rev. John C. Bowers, of Jefferson, Md., has accepted the call to St. Mark'sLuth-eran church, Washington, D. C. '93. Rev. A. A. Kelly, pastor of the Luth-eran church near Mechauicsburg, and Miss Mary C. Bushman, of this place, were married at the home of the bride's parents on Balti-more St., on Wednesday, Sept. 9. The Rev. A. R. Steck, pastor of St. James Lutheran church, of this place, assisted by Rev. W. C. Wire, pastor of Lutheran church, of Littles-town,, performed the ceremony. '93. Rev. G. W. Enders, Jr., was installed as pastor of the Lutheran congregation at Argusville, N. Y., on Sunday, Aug. 18. Dr. G. W. Enders, of York, Pa., and Rev. A. S. Hardy, of Seward, N. Y., officiated. '93. W. H. Deardorff, M. D., who gradu-ated from Jefferson Medical College in June, has been elected resident physician at the the Methodist Hospital of Philadelphia. '93. Rev. E. E. Parson was ordained to the ministry by the Allegheny Synod at its recent meeting in Altoona, Pa. '94. H. A. Allison has accepted a professor-ship in Susquehanna.University. '94. Charles Piper has opened a gent's fur-nishing store in Tyrone, Pa. '94. C. F. Kloss will take a post graduate course in Philosophy at Yale. '94. Frank E. Fickinger, Principal of the Chambersburg, Pa., schools, was here for a few days looking up his old friends. '93. Fred. H. Bloomhardt spent a few days with the boys in college before returning to the University to resume his studies. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 92 '94. Elmer E. Stahl has been elected prin-cipal of the Glenville Academy. '94. Clyde B. Stover is Dr. Breidenbaugh's efficient assistant in Chemistry. '94. We are grieved to hear of the sad death of Samuel B. Sorrick. '95. John H. Diehl and Robert L. Meiseu-helder have entered the Junior class of the Seminary. '95. Rev. L. H. Waring was ordained to the ministry by the Allegheny Synod at its re-cent meeting. '96. D. E. Rice is an assistant professor in the Harrisburg High School. '96. G. O. Ritter has gone to Selinsgrove to enter the Theological Department of the Susquehanna University. '96. A. C. Carry has entered Mt. Airy Sem-inary, Philadelphia. '96. The following have entered the Junior class of the Seminary : Fred. J. Baum, W. G. Brubaker, I. O. S. Moser, Charles O. Shaar, H. D. Shimer, W. C. Spayde, G. Z. Stup, J. O. Yoder. '96. L. P- Eisenhart is tutor in mathematics in the Preparatory Department. '96. Mr. Norman Heindel has returned to •New York city to resume his studies in the law department of Columbia University. He remarked before leaving that he would be home to cast his first vote for McKinley at the coming election. TOWN AND SEWIINARY NOTES. S. J. MILLER, Editor. The work on the new High School building is being pushed rapidly. It will be known as the Meade High School and proves to be both attractive and convenient. The St. James Lutheran church has been beautified with a coat of paint, the brick work red, the wood work olive. The Rev. L. S. Black left for his new field of work at Johnstown, N. Y., on the 10th of September. Rev. H. A. Alleman, of Chambersburg, filled the pulpit of Christ Lutheran church, both morning and evening, on Sept. 13th. The game of base-ball which was played on the college athletic grounds, Saturday, Sept. 12th, by the Gettysburg and Hanover teams, resulted in a score of 13 to 5 in favor of the former. The Gettysburg team has the reputa-tion of winning every game played this season. Rev. A. R. Steck, of St. James Lutheran church, preached his second anniversary ser-mon on Sept. 13th. About 40 uniformed firemen, accompanied by the G. A. Band, attended the centennial celebration of the Columbia Fire Company on Sept. 23, 24 and 25. The veteran Bucktails of the 150th Penn-sylvania Regiment held their Biennial reunion at this place on the 24th and 25th inst. They held a business session for the purpose of elect-ing officers, at which time it was decided that they hold their next Biennial meeting here, and also that an effort be made to have a bri-gade instead of a regimental reunion. It was in this regiment that the memorable John Burns fought and saw hard service, all the regimental officers being wounded in the fight. The 37th Annual State Session of the Jr. O. U. A. M., which met here recently, was at-tended by over six hundred delegates. The principal contest of the session was for the office of State Vice-Counselor. The successful candidate was Dr. M. P. Dickeson, of Rock-dale. The following official program was ren-dered : Tuesday afternoon—Parade. evening—Illustrated lecture on Cemetery Hill. Wednesdajr evening—Memorial Services. Thursday evening—Band Concert. From now on the electric cars will run only on special occasions. The seventy-second annual convention of the West Pennsylvania Synod convenes Wed-nesday evening, Oct. 14, in the St. James Lutheran church, this place. The veterans of the Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, (Rush Lancers) and their friends, arrived here on the 26th, making their ninth annual pilgrimmage to this historical place. As usual, they held a camp-fire in the evening which proved very interesting. Their tour included Gettysburg, Baltimore and Washington. Capt. Long acted as their guide while here. Teachers' County Institute, which will be held in Gettysburg from Nov. 23rd to 27th, 93 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. promises to be a grand success. Prof. Thoman has made arrangements for the following en-tertainments: Monday evening, Dr Y. M. Philip, of Penn'a. Tuesday "' Col. Geo. W. Bain, of Kentucky. Wednesday " Hon. H. W. J. Ham, of Georgia. Thursday " Hon. M. W. Howard, of Alahama. Friday " The Torbet Concert Company. SEMINARY. Seminary opened Sept. 13th, with about its usual attendance. The class which entered thisjyear numbers nineteen. The dormitory was damaged slightly by the recent storm. The trees along the path from the town to the Seminary were twisted around considerably, some having their limbs broken, others being uprooted. Rev. E. J. Wolf, D. D., preached the ser-mon at the corner-stone laying for the new Lutheran church at Spry, York county, on Sept. 6th. Rev. John C. Bowers, of Jefferson, Md., has accepted the call of St. Mark's Lutheran church, in Washington, D. C. Rev. Bowers graduated from the Gettysburg Theological Seminary in the class of '96. On the 27th of September, Rev. J. E. Hein-dle preached at York Haven. Rev. Dr. Richards assisted Rev. A. R. Steck in the administering of the Holy Communion in the St. James Lutheran church, Sept. 27th. FRATERNITY NOTES. PHI KAPPA PSI. Our institution was recently honored by a visit from two loyal Phi Psis, the Governor and the Attorney-General of Maryland, Lowudes, '64, Pa. B, and Clabaugh, '77, Pa. E. C. S. Duncau, '82, was elected President of the Alumni Association last commencement. H. P. Sadtler, '88, of Baltimore, paid us a flying visit a few days since. We were delight-ed to have him with us. We had the pleasure of having with us for a few days at the beginning of the term, W. F. Lutz, '94; A. C. Carty, '96; W. R. Reitzell,'96. W. F. Lutz, '94, is engaged in journalistic work in Bedford. H. M. Witman, '63, is now in attendance at Yale Divinity school. A. C. Carty is now enrolled in the Lutheran Seminary at Mt. Airy. W. R. Reitzell, '96, is studying law in Hagerstown. White, '97 and Lark, '98, are members of the newly organized Musical Clubs. George D. Weaver was initiated June 13. PHI GAMMA DELTA. Bros. J. A. Singmaster, '73, and E. G. Mil-ler, '85, were present at the opening of college. Bro. D. F. Garland has moved to Taney-town, where he has taken charge of the Trin-ity Lutheran church. Bro. H. C. Alleman, '86, preached in the College church on the 13th ult. Bro. F. H. Knuble, '93, returned from Ger-many on the 5th, ult., and recently spent a few days with us. Bros. DeYoe, '85; Blint, '89, and Fickinger, '94, paid us flying visits last month. Bros. Baum, '96, and Shaar, '96, have re-turned to the Seminary, and Bro. Rice, '96, is teaching at Harrisburg High School. Bro. Lichtner, of Ohio Wesleyan, was in town during the Jr. O. U. A. M. Convention. Bro. Fite, '98, and Stiefel, 1900, played on the foot ball team at State College and U. P. Bro. W111, J. Miller, Jr., was initiated the 13th, ult. . • SIGMA CHI. Dale, Lemont, Pa.; Loudon, Altoona, Pa.; Rosensteel, Johnstown, Pa., were initiated Sept. 5th. Fredericks and Monroe, of Lock Haven, Pa., were initiated on the 12th ult. We have had pleasant visits from the follow-ing Brothers: Shipman, '74; McKee, '88; Fox, '89; Fisher, Alpha Kappa, '94; Hays, Omicioh, '94; Deatrich, '94; Loudon, '96; Heindel, '96; Bixler, W. H., '98; Bixler, A. M., '99- Loudon intends entering the Medical De-partment U. of P. Heindel will continue his course in law at Columbia University. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 94 Dale, Lawyer and London represent us on the foot-ball team. Hersh, '91, has elegant prospects of being the next District Attorney of Adams county. PHI DELTA THETA. C. S. Smith was initiated Sept. 5th. C. W. Leitzell, '94, spent the summer in Gettysburg. B. R. Lantz, '94, supplied the charge at Kittinger, Pa., during the summer. L. S. Black, '88, has resigned as pastor of Christ Lutheran church and accepted a call to Johnstown, N. Y. We wish him success in his new field. C. W Ziegler, '96, spent his vacation in Gettysburg. J. W. Ott and J. E. Meisenhelder accom-panied the foot ball team to State College on the 26th of September. ALPHA TAU OMEGO. W. H. Menges, '96, was with us during the opening days of this term. A. R. Warner, '96, paid the Chapter a short visit recently. W. O. Nicklas, '94, has been admitted to the practice of law at Chambersburg, Pa. E. S. Stalnaker, 1900, was initiated into the Fraternity Monday night Sept. 14th. J. P. Michler, '97, will enter the law depart-ment of the Washington & Lee University. LITERARY SOCIETIES. JOHN W. OTT, Editor. PHILO. The first of the series of popular "Author's Evenings," was given on Sept. 18. The sub-ject was Shakespeare. Our thanks are due Miss Wisotzki and the Misses Keith, for their assistance at the piano, which added greatly to the evening's program. Miss Leeds, of Washington, D. C, and Master Mark Eckert have also played for us. We were glad to have with us our old friend Bloomhardt, '94. Every new man, and some of the old ones, too, should have heard his speech on the benefits derived from literary society work. New members thus far initiated are Spayd, '99, Ney, McNair, Heilmau and Deitrick, 1900. Others have been elected. The officers now serving are: Armstrong, President. Smith, R. L-, Vice President. Fite, Treasurer. Tilp, Librarian. Miss Sieber, Critic. Kitzrneyer, Cor. Secretary. DeYoe, Rec. Secretary. The next special program will be rendered Sept. 23rd. PHRENA. Phrena Society began her year's work on September 4th with the prospect of an unus-ually prosperous year before her. A large number of the Freshman class are already members, having been initiated while in Prep. In addition to these Weigle and Hurst ot the Freshman class, and Bowers of the Prepara-tory, have been elected to membership. Sloop, '99, and Weigle, 1900, were initiated on September 25. The reading-room was put in working order at once. The new men are welcome to its privileges at all hours. Edward W. Meisenhelder, '98, is Editor-in- Chief of the class annual which is to be pub-lished by his class. Phrena holds the editorship of the MERCURY for this year. On October 9, the following special program will be rendered in her hall. The program will begin at eight o'clock. All are cordially invited. The program of the evening's enter-tainment is as follows : SUBJECT :-HARRIET BEKCHER STOWE. Music—Piano Duet, Misses Kieth Declamation—Longfellow's—"The Slave's Dream," - Lauffer Essay—Biographical Sketch, - - - - , - - Wolf Music—Plantation Melodies. Declamation—Longfellow's—"Quadroon Girl," - Fleck Declamation—Whittier's—"A Virginia Slave-mother's Fare-well to Her Daughter," - - E. W. Meisenhelder Music—Violin Solo, Manges Essay—The Story of Uncle Tom's Cabin, . Woods Declamation—Selection from Uncle Tom's Cabin. - Carney Oration—The Effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin, - - Duck Music—Piano Duet, - - Misses Keith Essay—Mrs. Stowe's Other Works, - - - Stockslager Oration—Harriet Beecher Stowe, - Bikle, Sr. Music—Plantation Melody. The following men hold the chief offices at present: Pres., Duck, '97; Vice Pres., E. W. Meisenhelder, '98; Sec'y, Hickman; Treas., J. E. Meisenhelder, '97; Critics, Bikle, Sr., '97; Bikle, Jr., '99; Woods, '98; Stockslager, '97. Want of space forbids the names of the minor officers. 95 THE COEEEGE MERCURY. ATHLETICS. CHAUI.ES T. I,ARK, Editor. What a bright outlook for the athletics of our institution ! The large crowd of new students contains many athletes of no mean ability. Matters look decidedly encouraging. The present interest in foot-ball is unparalleled in the history of our institution. Our coach, Mr. Best, ex-Eehigb, is exerting himself to the utmost to bring our team up to a high standard-of excellence and his efforts are being rewarded. Of the men who com-posed our last season's team, but five returned to college this fall. It is on this account that the work of developing a good team is a very difficult task, as the men with whom Mr. Best has to deal, are almost all inexperienced play-ers; however, the improvement of the team since it is under his hands, is very marked. Among the contestants for the team who are training hard, are the following : '97—Man-ges, Ott, Schriver, Sheely, Wolf, Smith; '98— Nicholas, Tholan, Krafft, Briner, Kephardt, Fite, Kuendig; '99-Roehner, Herman,Spa3'de, Brumbaugh, Smith, J. M., Smith, C. H., Doty, Cumbler, Trimble; 1900—Young, Good, Steifel, Wisotzki, Koppenhaver, Dale Brandt, Eberly, Williams; 1901—Hagerman, Burns, Kohler, Eoudon. The opening game of the season was played at State College. This institution has one of the heaviest and strongest teams in the State. Our men played against opponents averaging 15 pounds heavier than they were. Had it not been for the fact that we are not in the habit of canceling games, this one would have been declared off on account of the poor phys-ical condition of our men. For the above rea-sons and as this was our first game, the result caused no surprise. Gettysburg on several oc-casions had the ball dangerously near their op-ponents' goal line, making repeated gains but fumbling at critical moments. The playing of this game was of great value to our numer-ous unexperienced men. The result was : Gettysburg, o; State, 40. Captain Burns has been looking up material for our next season's Base Ball team and is much encouraged with the prospect. Among the valuable additions for the nine are: Dale, 1900; Hagerman, 1901; Hurst, 1900; Glad-felter, 1900; Carver, 1900; Stallnecker, 1900; Ney; 1900; Heilman, 1900, and our coming catcher, Deitrick, 1900. At a recent meeting of the Athletic Associa-tion, it was decided that hereafter all our Ath-letic teams be composed of strictly college men. At the same time the Association, recognizing the excellent services rendered by Armstrong, '97, as Manager of our last season's base ball team, re-elected him for the coming season. Lark, '98, was elected Assistant Manager. We would urge on all students who have not already done so, the necessity of their uniting themselves with the Athletic Association. The joining of this Association is not only your privilege but it is a duty which you owe to the Athletics of your institution. We are more than proud of the record made by our team on Sept. 30th, against the strong-est eleven in the country, that of the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania. It is very much to the credit of our men that their team could score but four touch downs in two twenty minute halves, three in the first and one in the second. Their star half-back, Morice, helped swell the score very materially by kicking two goals from the field in the second half. Dale and White did the best work on our part. Dale kicked very well and went around the end for 8 yards, while White went through tackle for 6 and gained 8 by circling the end. In all we gained, by carrying the ball, about 25 yards and captured it twice on downs. Their touch-down in the second half came near riot count-ing, as time was up while the man was run-ning with the ball. Our fellows well deserve the rousing recep-tion the}' received on their return home for, by playing the game they did, they added much to the athletic prestage of our institution. The men composing our opponents' team, such as Wharton, Woodruff, Morice, Dickson, etc., played their positions as they should be played. The line-up was as follows : GETTYSBURG. • POSITIONS. PENNSYLVANIA. Doty left-end Boyle Nicholas left-tackle Uffeuheimer Hagerman left-guard Woodruff Steifel centre Overfeild Koppenhaven right-guard Wharton Ott, Tholau right-tackle Farrar, McCracken Young right-end B. W. Dickson Lawyer quarter-back A. K. Dickson White left-half-back Gelbert Williams, Sheely right-half-back Morice Dale full-back Jackson Score—Pennsylvania, 32 ; Gettysburg, o. Touchdowns—Jack-sou, 3; Boyle, 1. Goals from field—Morice, 2. Substitutions— Tholan for Ott, Sheely for Williams Goodman for B. W. Dick-son, McCracken for' Farrar. Referee—George W. Brooke. Umpire—Dr. Charles H. Schroff. Linesman—Geo. W. Wood-ruff. Time of halves—Twenty minutes each. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 96 The fact that no foot ball team can stand three hard games in one week, was very forci-bly presented to us on Oct. 3rd, when our boys were defeated by F. and M. to the tune of 24 to nothing. State College, U. of Pa., and F. and M., is decidedly too much of a program for one week. Our team was considerably broken up by the games with State and U. P., and played by no means in their usual form. "The game was noticeable for the small amount of kicking indulged in by either side and the gains were principally made through tackles and around the ends. For Gettysburg, White and Sheely played a star game, while Cessna, Hosterman and Eocher, made brilliant plays for F. and M." We expect to return the compliment on the 17th, at which time we meet F. and M. on the home grounds. Manager Wheeler has had some difficulty in arranging dates but has finally secured the fol-lowing fine schedule: Oct. 10—Open. Oct. 17—F. and M. at Gettysburg. Oct. 24—Ursinus at Gettysburg. Oct. 31—Swathmore at Harrisburg. Nov. 7—Open. Nov. 14—Lehigh at Bethlehem. Nov. 21—St. Johns at Gettysburg. Nov. 26—Dickinson at Carlisle. "BRE'R JOHNSON'S" SERENADE. "Oh, kum kiss me ma honey ! Kum kiss me ebery minit. Dat yaller gal acros' de way, Lor' massey ! she ain't in it. "Yo' am de darlin' of my heart, , Yo' am de one I'd die fo'! Rise quickly from yo' slumbers sweet An' luk out ob yo' windo'. "Here in de dark ob night I stan', Singin' like bluddy murder, But, honey, ef yo' don' lub me I can't go on no furder. "De coon sleeps in de hollo', De woodchuck 's in his hoi', Al' am quiet lik, an' peaceful, 'Cept my lub tormented sol'." WE follow the Wittenburger in coming out for silver; that is, the dollar you owe for sub-scription to the MERCURY. Foot Ball Supplies. EVERYTHING FOB THE PLAYER, Jackets, Shoes, Stockings, -Jerseys, Shin Guards, Etc. Spalding's Official Intercol- *$& legiate Foot Ball, W'-/;"-^. Officially adopted by the Intercollegiate Association. COMPLETE CATALOGUE FALL AND WINTER SPORTS FREE. A. Q. Spalding & Bros., NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. CHICAGO. L. D. HjlLLER, 19 Main St., GETTYSBURG, Q-roosT, Qonfectione? and ffiruitsrsr. Ice Cream and Oysters in season. 4fc A 1\ i\ . Send us your ad- %i* "1 Jl I low NUPO dress and we X eiHPBNfiOSB MYBfiSjfc-- WATOHMAKEE AND rlEWELER, Gettysburg Souvenir Spoons, College Souvenir Spoons, No. io Baltimore Street, GETTYSBURG, PENN'A. J. A. TAWNEY Is ready to furnish clubs and boarding houses BREAD, ROLLS, &0., at short notice and reasonable rates. Cor.Washington and Middle Sts., Gettysburg. W^aHPIllHowwiS DEALERS IN Fresh Beef, Veal, Lamb, Pork, Pudding, Sausage, HAMS, LARD, &c-. GETTYSBURG, IMIM'A. JOHN L. SEEsiDS. NEW CIGAR STORE Next door io W. M. 'Depot, Gettysburg, 0 TO^ ^ ♦•HOTEL GETTYSBURG* -^BAfiBBfi SHOP.K-Centre Square. _B. M. SEFTON. 2fou will find a full line of Zrure *Drugs 6c J'ine Stationery Sreopte'a 7) rug otore. ^Proscriptions a Opocialty. cL Lj^lurqpGP, ZPhotographerj No. 2g Baltimore St., 1 GETTYSBURG SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO ollege £ffl ffiine QolUotion of. BATTLEFIELD VIEWS .tdU^>a'2s on hand. MAIL ORDERS RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION. (pStfc^ §£%jSj£^t --A-3>T:D— Hlliott & HOUSOP. N. B.—Stiff Eats made to Fit the Head in two minutes. H4T$,«P$, —^ —- BOOTS * SHOES. GS=Satisfaction Guaranteed.^) No. 6 S. Baltimore Street, GETTYSBURG, PA. por all Ihe latest styles in Suitings andTrousers, AND FULL LINE OF Cents' Furnishing Goods, Call or, D. H. WELSH, York, Pa. ADVERTISEMENTS. ••■/: • - i, . fe wj" | "~r ■ W~'~—f* I—v? ■SlV'7" A"*> ■ v/vi* I. Classical Course for the Degree of A. B. II. Scientific Course for the Degree of B. S. III. Post-Graduate Course for the Degree of Ph. D. IV. Special Course in all Departments. V. Elective Studies in Junior and Senior Years. VI. New Testament Greek and Hebrew in English Bible Department. Observatory, Laboratories and new Gymnasium. Four large buildings. All buildings heated with steam from central plant. Libraries, 25,000 volumes. Fine Museum. Expenses low'. Department of Hygiene and Physical Culture in charge of an experienced physician. Accessible by frequent railroad trains. Location, on BATTLEFIELD of Gettysburg; most pleasant and healthy. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT, in separate buildings, for boys and young men preparing for business or college, under special care of the principal and three assistants, residing with students in the building. For full particulars, apply for catalogue to HARVEY W. MCKNIGHT, D. D., LL. D.,PRES'T., PeiiinsyUvfanSa QoHtege,, ©©ttysfoiwg, Pa»

JUIiV, 1894. PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENTS OF PENNSYLVANIA (GETTYSBURG) COEEEGE. "STAH ANH SKHTINKI." Office, Gottynl)urj.-, Pa. ADVERTISEMENTS. Fraternity Jewelry ICHQICLFAMILYGROCERIES J J | Sugars, Coffes, Teas, Dried Fruit, Syrups, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. X X -•* -K- *s- A FEW SUGGESTIONS: fBADGES, o i | SCARF PINS. HlfiY^ SLEEVE BUTTONS, a a/ I LAPEL BUTTONS. l_RINGS. fCHARMS, | FOB CHAINS, i COURT PLASTER CASES MOUSTACHE COMBS ^LOCKETS. fSOUVENIR SPOONS, I " MATCH BOXES. STAMP BOXES, SCENT BOXES, BOOK MARKS. I " GARTERS. Factory 611 & 6I3 S. ;'—3) Simons Bra. &. Co, Street / Salesrooms, 616 & 618 Chestnut St , Phila. I9 Maiden Lane, New York. 96 State St., Chicago. -r"\ §>~a No. 3 MAIN STREET, GETTYSBURG, PA. Out new Enameled Aristo Pot traits are equal to Photos made anywhere, and at any price. Dried'Fruit, Flour, Butter, Eggs, Potatoes, Apples; all of the best quality. Persons in need of anything in the above line, can be accommodated at my store at the very lowest cash price. Give me a call and be convinced of the fact. D/\VlD TROXEL, York St., Gettysburg. SPECIAL TO STUDEBTS, Hfifig vbml®rm®. Merokaaat Tailor, (Below Eagle Hctel) GETTYSBURG. pA (Rear of Washington House, Opposite W. M. TUB BATTLEFIELD' (Publishers, (Booksellers and -^A SPEGIALTY,*- Stahoners, — - 335 MARKET ST., HARRISBURG,PA. I DAVID McCLEARY. Prop. ADVERTISEMENTS. Colombia' f the World, graceful, light, and strong, this product of the oldest bicycle establishment in America still retains its place at the head. Always ■well up to the times or a little in advance, its well-deserved and ever increasing popularity is a source of , pride and gratification to its makers. To ride a bicycle and not to ride a Columbia is to fall short cf the fullest enjoyment of a noble sport. A beautiful illustrated catalogue free at any Columbia agency, or mailed for two two-cent stamps. 4 BALTIMORE ro STREET. Samuel Faber, Fine Cigars and Smokers' A rticles, CHAMBERSBTJRG ST., GETTYSBURG. L M. BUEHLER, SUCCESSOR TO A. D BUEHLER & CO., Headquarters for STATIONERT AND BLANK BOOKS, THE CHARLES H. ELLIOTT CO., 910, 912 Filbert St., 108 South 13th St J1 Commencement, Visiting Cards, Class Day, Address Dies, Society and Monogram, Wedding Invitations, Coats of Anns, College Catalogues, Class Awards, Diplomas, Exterior and Interior Views, and Groups in half-tone, wood, Photo Type or Steel. aptstoutn JH& *mt *W *NT jiW N. W. Corner Public Square, m -autubg iM HAGERSTOWN, Maryland. LOWEST CASH PRICES. WE will endeavor to give satisfaction In the future as we have done In the past. Special rates to students. Give us a trial. J. E. SCHINDEL, Proprietor. W. G. Brnbakor, College Agent. Ssars. HOLLY Stationery!Priatintt MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IK SCHOOL SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY-The Company has excellent facilities for issuing Periodicals, Catalogues, Invitations, Announcements, Letter Heads, Thesis and Examination Tapir and all College work. Old Books and Magazines re-bound. A full line of School Sup-plies kept in stock. Agents wanted. All work guaranteed. ADVERTISEMENTS. iutltewilk jfrtmimw. •*? Here are some patrons of the school: Rev. Dr. Valentine, Rev. Dr. McKnight, Rev. Dr. Scholl, Rev. Dr. I^illy, Rev. Dr. Henninghansen, Rev. Dr. Holloway, Rev. Dr. Bntler, Rev. Dr. Earnest, Rev. Dr. Repass, Rev. Dr. Peschan, Rev. Dr. Seip, Rev. Spieker, Rev. Dr. Enders, Rev. Dr. L. G. Miller, Rev. Dr. Bernheim, Rev. Dr. Fox, Rev. Dr. Sadtler, Rev. Dr. Morris. Send for Catalogue. AscMrress,, ffiew. 5, ^~ BOOTS« SHOES. G55=Satisfaction Guaranteed.i^) No. 6 S. Baltimore Street, GETTYSBURG. PA. ADVERTISEMENTS. 0:'EC BW Iiuporters and Jobbers of «1DRUGS,I» Nos. 16 and 18 W. German Street, BALTIMORE, Offer to the trade their large and well-selected stock of Make a specialty to have on hand everything required by Pharmacists. A complete stock can at any time be selected or wants supplied. ALONZO L, THOMSEN,^ EAOE, WINDEK, SHAItP AND LEADENHALL STS., P. O. Box 557, Baltimore, Md. I beg to call to the attention of the Trade that I have re-cently added to my Plant a complete set of Drug Milling Ma-chinery of the most Improved pattern. GEORGE SMGLES, Successor to J. W. Eicholtz & Co., DEALER IN No. 127 Chambersburg St., GETTYSBURG, PA. JOHN E. PITZER, MEMBER POST 9, G. A. R. [C^SHI9, —DEALER IN— Hats, Shirts, Shoes, Ties, Umbrellas, Gloves, Satchels, Hose, (pocket ^ooks, Trunks, Telescopes, Rubbers, Etc., Etc. AMOS ECKERT. W HOTEL, Gettysfofcifa, Pa. J0HI2 E, HIMHE2, PRorft THIS Hotel is situated on Main street, one square from I', and II. and W. M. R. K. Depots and within one-half minute's walk of the Diamond. Every room is heated, and lighted by electricity. Parlors on first and second floors. Bath and Toilet rooms on second floor, gratis to guests. Hates $1 50 to $2.50 per day. Booms without Hoard 50 cents and upward according to location. Excellent accommo-dations for 250 people. Electric cars stop at the door eveiy half hour. Livery Connected, with first-class Teams, and Battle-field Guides at Low Rates. Dinner with Drive over the — attle-field $1.: 5. Commencement Number. The College Mefcufy. VOL. II. GETTYSBURG, PA., JULY, 1894. No. 5. THE COLLEGE MEftCUfiY, Published each month during the college year by the Students of Pennsylvania (Gettysburg) College. STAFF. Editor : WALDO D. MAYNARD, '95. Associate Editors : SYLVESTER C. BERGER. '95. WILLIAM A. KUMP. '95. J. EDWARD BYERS, '95. GRAYSON Z. STUP, '96 WILMER A. HARTMAN/95. HORACE M. WITMAN.'gs. ROSCOE C. WRIGHT, '95 Alumni Association Editor: REV. n. FRANK GARLAND, A. M , Baltimore, Md. Business Manager: MORITZ G. L. RIETZ, '95. Assistant Business Manager: HENRY E. CLARE, '95. m*.,,™, fOne volume (ten months). . . . $l.ro IEKMS-\Slngle copies : . . . .15 Payable in advance. All Students are requested to hand us matter for publication. The Alumni and ex-members of the College will favor us by sending information concerning their whereabouts or any items they may think would be interesting for publication. All subscriptions and business matters should be addressed to the business manager. Matter intended for publication should be addressed to the Editor Address, THE COLLEGE MERCUKY, Gettysburg, Pa. CONTENTS. ABSTRACT OF BACCALAUREATE SERMON, - - - - 85 ABSTRACT OF Y. M. C. A. ADDRESS, 87 CLASS DAY PROGRAMME, - - - - - - - - 89 CLASS PROPHECY, 89 SCIENTIFIC Srmrr, - - - - 92 IN THE CONFLICT, - - 94 IVY POEM, 9s LOCAL GOVERNMENT, - -96 JUNIOR ORATORICAL CONTEST. - 98 OUR MENTAL LIVES, - - - - 9S ROLL OF HONOR, 100 COLLEGE COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMME, - - - - 100 CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES, --- 100 COMMENCEMENT NOTES AND COLLEGE LOCALS, - - - 101 ALUMNI, 103 TENNIS, 104 SEMINARY NOTES, - - - 105 ABSTRACT OE PEES. MoKNIGHT'S BACCALAUREATE SERMON, Matt., 17:14 : "Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Ellas." Peter was one of the three disciples who were permitted to be with Christ on the Mount of his transfiguration. The glories of that scene which was like a sublime coronation hour dazzled and entranced him. He was awe-struck—dazed by the strange magnifi-cence. It was to him a moment of supreme privilege, and the very place where he en-joyed it was converted into sacred ground. IvOngiug to remain and to continue the vision, and experience he uttered the request: "Mas-ter, let us build and stay here, let us make a resting-place of this mount of vision, and not go down again to the valleys of common ex-perience where toil and tears and weariness and suffering await both thee and us.'' It was a natural request which he had thus expressed, but, for his own good and that of the great and needy world to serve and help which he was being prepared by that very vis-ion, it conld not be granted. Instead, Jesus led him and his fellow-disciples down the slopes of the mountain at whose base a stricken boy and his heart-broken parent awaited them, and where a miracle of mercy and deliverance was to be wrought. By his act, therefore, He taught Peter and teaches us that, while privi-lege is good, duty is better; that the valleys of waiting and watching, of toil and sacrifice are to be preferred to the summits of ease and re-ceptivity and enjoyment; that privilege, the highest and most transporting, serves its true purpose only when it acts and re-acts upon daily duty and ordinary life, transfiguring all that we are and do. No doubt, my young friends, you are able 86 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. to sympathize with Peter this morning, and are ready to breathe his prayer: "Let us j stay.'' You have been on a mount of special i privilege, enjoying what is permitted to but few. The years of liberalizing study you have spent here have afforded you opportunities of growth and enrichment beyond the possibility of exact calculation. And now that they have ended, and you are to go out from us and be, in the old sense, of us no more, there must be ' a quickening of 3'our appreciation of what you have enjoyed. As others crowd you out of the places you have held, and forward to the scenes of stern and responsible action, you may feel like drawing back and pleading: "Let us stay." But believe me when, speak-ing to you in the name of those who have been . your instructors and friends, I say to you, in these parting words, it is better for you to go. God himself commands you away to duty, and ' in the service to which he appoints you. Your { gains will be greater and richer than they can be on any heights of mere receptivity and ease. Remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said: "It is more blessed to give than to receive." This truth so hard to ap-prehend and appreciate in advance, we wish to emphasize and illustrate for your encourage-ment and guidance as you now face outward towards your respective spheres of experience and activity. The superiority of service over privilege or of productive energy over mere receptivity was then shown in the discussion of the following points : i. In its relation to the right and full development of God-given powers, and fa-cilities. 2. In its relation to character. 3. As the condition of all true greatness. 4. As the source of true blessedness. After discuss-ing these points, the Doctor addressed the class as follows: "My young friends of the class of '94: We have sought thus, in a practical way, to impress you with the dignity and im-portance of earnest and unselfish work. It is more needful than any circumstances or special privileges for the best and fullest development of your powers and faculties. It bears a vital relation to your character, calling.for the^exer-cise of those gifts and graces which are es-sential to a worthy manhood and womanhood. It must form the basis of all true greatness you can ever achieve, and condition the enthrone-ment you would gain in the esteem and confi-dence and love of your fellow men. It is the real source of the blessedness which sweetens life and gives foretastes of "the joy that is un-speakable and full of glory." We have sought to impress you with the truth that in entering on an earthly, you are in reality entering on an eternal career, and to set before you aims which belong equally to the life that now is and to that which is to come. Let not the gains or pleasures of time obscure and hide your better portion. Let not the engagements of earth so absorb your attention that you shall forget the claims of heaven, or your cares so overshadow you that the light of a better world cannot reach you. Let yours be the holy am-bition which filled the heart of David and con-trolled his aims and actions—"to serve your generation according to the will of God." Let the thought, not of ease or pleasure, or posi-tion, or gain, but of usefulness determine your occupation or profession in life, and control you in it. Not what you do, but the spirit in which you do it shall fix the actual and abid-ing results of your living and working. This spirit—the spirit of all right action—has been forcefully indicated in the device and motto on the seal of a well-known Missionary So-ciety. The device is an ox standing between a plough and an altar, and the motto is: "Ready for either." Readiness for service or sacrifice, or for both! What noble spirit can control a human life, or give impulse to human activity! God himself has approved this ideal, and marshalled all the forces and agencies of the universe to it. It makes the music of the spheres, and gives harmony and majesty to the ceaseless song before His throne. Serve or suffer in the spirit of that holy enthusiasm which made Christ's mission to Him "more than his meat and his drink," and, whatever may be your allotted sphere, humble or high, THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 87 it will be found at last that you have neither lived nor labored in vain. Your glory and joy will be, not that you have possessed talents and had high and peculiar privileges, but that you have used them aright. Let this spirit of service be carried into the commonest of duties and minutest details of the spheres you ma)- fill, for, if you reach for the stars, and forget the flowers that bloom at your feet, you will miss much, perhaps all. He, who waits for great occasions tq display his talents and prove his serviceableness, neg-lects the real conditions of success, and his plans are likely to come to naught. Little tilings, common duties, ordinary occasions con-stitute the larger portion of every life, and he who despises these, misses the choicest oppor-tunities for filling his mission and serving the world. The world's greatest servants and most honored chieftains have been wiser and nobler. In business, in literature, in art or in war, they have been distinguished for their conscientious attention to details. Carry a similar spirit of fidelity into all that you do. Serve in everything, if you would reach the only distinction that men will lastingly recog-nize and God eternally approve. "He that is faithful in that which is least, is faithful also in much, and he that is unjust in the least is un-just also in much." Fidelity to all your tal-ents and opportunities, whether they be few or many, great or small, only can and surely will gain for you the plaudits of the skies—the ulti-mate welcome: "Well done, good and faith-ful servant, enter into the joy of thy Lord Thou has been faithful over a few things. I will make thee, ruler over many." ABSTRACT OF Y. M. C, A. ADDRESS BY REV. FISCHER, OK EASTON. I .Tollll -2 : l(i Solomon says "the glory of young men is their strength" and we are born with an in-stinctive admiration for ph\'sical power. It was the primary glory of the race. The first picture the live boy hangs upon the walls of his room are not those of apostles and martyrs but of athletes and heroes, so in the world's pic-ture gallery, we find Hercules, Theseus, Sam-son and David. Although the days of giants and Olympian games are past, time will never destroy man's admiration for strong muscle and mighty sinews. The popular idol to-day is the pitcher of the champion nine, the rusher of the winning foot ball team, the bowler of the eleven that holds the cup, or the stroke oar of the successful crew. But Christianity has lifted and proposes still more to lift these things to a higher plane. She recognizes that physical culture is conducive to mental health. Hence she has equipped her gymnasium with every apparatus to accomplish this purpose as a means to an end. She desires to subordinate the material to the mental. Brain not brawn tells in this age. The prize-fighter is an out-law and plies his business in barns and unfre-quented places. "There is nothing great in the world but man. There is nothing great in man but mind." Three elements are in the strength referred to in this message: 1. That zvhich character-izes the period of life here addressed '' Young men," those who occupy the golden mean be-tween childlike weakness and the period of wakening manhood. "Fathets": There is a strength peculiar to young men to which is at-tached a corresponding responsibility. This is the period of life never affected by drought. The channels of vigor run bank-full with the greatest force of life. The growth of a year is soon accomplished. Little growth is made in the branch after the spring days are gone. But this stream must be regulated or it will ruin. Man is God's workmanship, hence his life dare not tear its own channels or spread in miasmatic waste over this period of his being, but flow in channels of divine ordering. This is the strong period of life because it has not yet felt the chill of disappointment. They have not yet been the victims of betrayed con-fidence. The child-like spirit of trust marks every approach. Their future has no failures in it. When Napoleon asked for 100 young men out of a regiment who were ready to die, THE COLLEGE MERCURY. all stepped forth. They never doubted their ability to take the battery or their readiness to die. This spirit is not to be despised, for con-fidence is the very essence of achievement. 2- Second element of strength is Education. The Greeks soon discovered that physical de-velopment was not the true line for a man to follow. In this the brute was his superior. Soon the glory of the athlete was conferred on the poet and philosopher and the school was sought as eagerly as the arena. The college is more than a ' 'crew," a ' 'nine'' or a "foot-ball team." Mind rules the world and education is the great social equalizer. As you cultivate your minds you add to your strength and give breadth to your sphere of usefulness. 3. Tim de lement is strength of soul. '' Finally my brethren be strong in the Lord and in the power of his might." This lifts man above self and unites him to an unfailing source of power. Religion gives sight, direction, trend to what you have by natural endowment. Seneca says: "No mind is good without God." The world recognizes the superiority of this. To keep your body under places you in the final and real conquest way above the athlete and the mental genius. "Ye have overcome" does not mean that you can neglect watchfulness and lay aside your armor as if all life's work were done. No! But as the acorn contains the oak, so your faith has in it all its fruit, "For this is the victory that overcometh even your faith." That faith made Luther a conqueror. All the liberties of our day, civil and religious, were wrapped up in germ in the faith of that one man. Without this new life in Christ you will only be a sort of refined, highly developed animal. The' electric car will not budge an inch unless connected with the power-house. Man is a creature of two worlds. Your spirit can never grow by sticking its roots in the soil that nourishes your flesh. Without a sun this world would be an iceberg revolving in space. Your spirit must be warmed by the Son of Righteousness. A living, growing faith is neces-sary, for life without faith is an earth without a sky. Your institution has not neglected this part of your training. Education and Chris-tianity are sisters. It is more important for the student to practice virtue than to decline virtuse; to form his character along the lines of righteousness than to demonstrate all the prop-ositions of plane geometry. What now is the duty that arises from this trinity of endowments f Blessed with trained bodies and minds and added grace, what will you do with them? "Stand fast in the faith." "Quit you like men." "Hold fast what thou hast, lest any man take thy crown." You must call up all the power you can command in order to hold the advanced posi-tion which by nature and grace you occupy. You dare not waste an ounce of your strength. Only the fittest survive. You must have the whole armor or you will go clown. Do not tamper with evil because you want to know something about it. "Only once" has ruined many a soul. Let God direct your steps into the right track and keep them there. Keep yourselves pure. You may repeitt, but a whole garment is better than a patched one. "The greatest spiritual strength is born out of that moral strength which has never been broken by vice." Ireland's great leader, Par-nell, from lack ot moral strength, was ruined in the very hour of victory. Meeting his De-lilah he was shorn of his locks, and his strength departed from him. Great self-denial is required. To be any-thing you must deny some part of yourself. To be a ttiie man you have only to deny that part of yourself which is unworthy of you. You must live for others. This is best done by a consistent life. We need not less preach-ing but more practice. The professor makes the college more than does the curriculum or the library. The teacher is often of more value than his teaching; no name is more fra-grant in the long list of teachers of this cen-tury than Arnold of Rugby. His tenderness of conscience, his sympathy with the heart of youth, his self-forgetfulness, his hatred of the mean, his love for youth and God made him the great teacher of- our time. Not Hopkins THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 89 I the teacher or philosopher, but Hopkins the man formed the character of the graduates at Williainstown. Nor can we refrain from re-ferring, in part, to a late vice-Pres. and Pro-fessor in our own Alma Mater; whose sweet, courteous Christian life did more to mould character, and kindle aspiration for a nobler and truer manhood than all the sines and tan-gents of his department could do to strengthen the mind. And "being dead he yet speak-eth." Such is the power of a true life every-where. Do not lament that the professions are over-crowded. The world is not'overcrowded with such men. There is room in the business world for men who despise a false balance and love a "just weight." There is room in the political world, swarming with a hungry crowd, for young men whose back bones will not bend though a whole party try to do it; whose knees will not bow to the "boss's" will, though ejectment from office and political ob-scurity be threatened. There is room for more than "four hundred" in society, where the Christian Sabbath is degraded into that of the continent, and where men through intem-perance are dammed body and soul by "dtce process of law.'' There is not only room but need for you in the sphere of the pulpit where a rationalizing tendency is seeking to rob relig-ion of its faith, into which secularism with its blighting influence is slowly creeping, and which is being changed into the platform, the sermon into the lecture and the preacher into the lecturer. We need ' 'not echoes but voices.'' This is God's message to you. Will you heed it and find your true strength in Him or waste even the strength you have ? Your suc-cess, position and usefulness depend upon the characters you are forming now. Be true men. Do not disappoint the God who made you and the Redeemer who bled to save you. Live for God and humanity. Such a life will be beset by dangers, but also arched with flowers and palms of victory. By living it boldly and in faith many a sweet blossom and green palm will be shaken down to gladden you by the way, and the joy and safety of your strength will be to you a taste of that great reward that awaits the victor when the final goal of this earthly life is reached. _ ♦ ♦ ♦ CLASS-DAY PROG-RAMME. TUESDAY EVENING, JUNTE 19. 1804. 0 P. M. Maser of Ceremonies. - - W. O. NICIILAS. IVY EXERCISES. Iny Poem, Ivy Oration, Miss HAKTMAN. R. W. MOTTERN. CLASS EXERCISES. Class Boll, - - - - C. F. KLOSS. Class Hi.stoty, - JOHN HOFFKR, JR. Class Poem, - Presentation Oration, Pifiphecy, Miss HIMES. F. BARNDT. J. S. ENGLISH. CLASS SONG. CLASS PROPHECY. To write a prophecy a man ought to be a prophet. To be a successful prophet he should be inspired; but we lay claim to inspiration neither infernal nor divine, and we are just going to run off your futures in grind organ style. Now, we might begiu this prophecy by making some allusions to the old Greek and Roman Gods, but this thing of referring to the mythological dieties has become so old and chestnutty, so antiquated and mossbacky, so kindergarden like and so universally prev-alent among the would-be crack orators of to-day that we raise our hands in holy horror and say, begone, vile thought begone! You know I might say that I laid my Adonis like carcass down on the banks of a beautiful sylvan stream and as the crystal waters danced musically over the beautiful pebbles Minerva scratched my scalp with the point of her helmet and lo and behold prophecy seethed from between my teeth in a perfect stream. But we are not going to indulge in any such nonsense. To some extent we are going to draw upon our imagination, and if we don't predict future greatness from present indica- ^^^^^^■^^^^^^^■■■H ^^^^■■■■^■l^H^^^^H^H ■■UHB^^B 9o THE COLLEGE MERCURY. tions yon can draw all the hair from our heads with a pair of tweezers and make switches for your wives. (Bush please take notice.) Now there are the ladies. What future too grand or brilliant can be predicted for those who have extended such a beneficial influence upon the masculine element of " '94?" Even now Miss Hartman is looking wistfully toward the Seminary, and in the near future, present indications will be realized. The marriage bells will proclaim the bliss of two more mor-tals, and after that will follow a life of great usefulness in teaching poor fallen humanity what is best for their own eternal interests. Miss Himes will be the possessor of a beautiful home in sunny Florida and will set the world on fire with the products of her literary genius, and Julius won't be in it at all. In the near future Allison will no longer kick the stones from off the country roads in Adams county with his copper-toed boots. He will become the 20th century Ward McAllis-ter, of New York City. He will be distin-guished far and wide for his social ability and will be nightly sought after during the but-terfly season to lead the Germans. The future Oscar Wildes will be laid under the willow trees mud-pies at Call Piatt. The reformer will then begin to admire himself in his usual style, and say: '' What a dandy good looking fellow I am! Don't I have a dandy personal appear-ance?" The native Chief observing this will say: "Him makey heap ob good soup." Put him in de kettle, and lo and behold the calcium light of Bastian's intelligence will be extermi-nated forever. Bloomhardt will write a book entitled ' 'The World and Freddy Bloomhardt.'' It will con-tain three chapters of a thousand words each. Chap. I. Why Bloomhardt was born and why the world was made for him. Chap. II. Why all creatures should bow the knee to Bloom-hardt. Chap. III. What's the matter with Fred Bloomhardt becoming the ruler of the Universe. The work he will affectionately dedicate to himself, the only man fit to live. He will finally metamorphose into a bird of Paradise, and will be placed on public exhibi-tion at the Phila. Zoo. Bush will become a Professor in the Chicago University, and will make his fortune by writing a text book on International Law. He will squander this same fortune in seeking a divorce in the Chicago courts, and will finally settle down to collecting rags and when this Adams county farmer with his i bones in the streets of Gettysburg. silken mustache shall spring into prominence. Now there is that man Barndt. Ah, ye iron Fates and Chinese Gods, please deliver us! Once crazy, always crazy. He will study medicine but will be expelled from the pro-fession because of his attempt to saw the toes off the feet of a club-footed man. He will then join a wild-west show in the capacity of a clown, and when the circus monkeys die he will take their places and ride the ponies. Here is a sample of his circus jokes. A trained dog will come in the ring with a piece of stove wood on its back and Sumneytown will say: "You would better take that off." He will die in the Montgomery county insane asylum. Bastian will go to Africa as a missionary and immediately on landing, the natives will throw Duttera will become business manager of the St. Louis Fake Opera Company. In at-tempting to introduce his company to a Phila. audience he will make so many breaks that the gallery gods will shoot a volley of anti-quated eggs at him, and he will retire in dis-gust to a Home of the Friendless for the rest of his natural life. Fickinger and Fair will enter the ring as champion prize fighters and hair pullers. Jimmy Gladhill will sprout a great pair of wings and will be so anxious to get to the Golden City, that he won't take time to die, but will fly there. Hoffer will be employed by all the leading colleges and universities of both this and the old world, to teach the young students how to recite. The first lesson will consist of a drill, THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 9i in teaching the young student how to sprawl his hands all over the face of the young man directly in front of him, when he is called upon to tell what he knows. Lesson No. 2 will be to teach the student to say everything the Prof, says, in a regular parrot style, and then when he does make an attempt to say something of his own accord, to so jumble his words together, that no earthly man can un-derstand what he says. Ibach will study for the ministry, but will give that up, and make his fortune pla3'ing a hand organ. Kemp will spend his whole life-time in writ-ing a book, entitled "A Proof that the Human Species is capable of Hibernating." The facts will be deduced from his own experiences while a college student. Kloss will be the fond possessor of a sheep ranch in New Mexico, and will make $20,000 the first year. He will never have enough music in him to be able to call the sheep, so he will get an old Mexican Shepherd to sing in his graphophone, and after that you will be able to see ' 'Shorty'' strolling over the pasture with his talking machine on his back. Kohler will go West as a Home Missionary, but he will fall away from the straight and narrow path;will take to stealing Indian ponies "and will finally be hung as a horse thief. Count Lantz will become a noted lecturer on Geology. He will pick up wrinkled potatoes and use them as good examples of sea urchins. However his crack lecture will be on the Archegosaurus. The following is an extract: "Gentlemen this is a wonderful thing. Some say it is a magnificent tree, 50 feet high, in the branches of which the Bald Eagles build their nests. Others say it is a big animal with a heteorical tail with a curve on the end, and that it had big feet; which is proved by the foot-piints which it has left in the sands of time. It has its habitat in a con-duit and feeds on that custard material known as ice cream. Lutz will study for the ministsy under the direction of your worthy President, and will some day become an awful factor for good in the world. Miller will work 011 a farm for 50 cents a day, and it will keep him scratching to get that. . Mottern, the fiend of originality, will in-vent a perpetual motion machine, and in mak-ing experiments with it will be carried to the moon. There he will be encased in a great thickness of ice, and in the 30th century will be dug out and exhibited as a crank. The day after his departure from earth the Presi-dent will issue a proclamation, stating that a day of rejoicing will be observed on account of the nation's deliverance. "I don't think this here man," Billy Nick-las will make much of a lawyer, but Dr. Martin has promised to will him the German Chair when he dies, and Billy will make a howling success as a teacher of Dutch. Big Nick will make a reputation as an orni-thologist, and his hobbies will be the dear lit-tle wren and the cute little sparrow. Although Stahl is old and gray there is still time for him to become a Mormon preacher. The subject of his discourses will be the Ark. 1 'And the sides thereof were tight as unto a dish, and the top thereof was tight as unto a dise, and the ends thereof were peaked." Dearly beloved Julius, the idol of his class-mates and the pet of the College at large, will metamorphose into a foxy detective and champion leg-puller of the world. He will be-come the satellite of dark schemes, and will breathe his last in Sing Sing. Sorrick will publish a book entitled "The Bitter Experiences of a Man pursuing a college course and at the same time burdened down with household cares.'' Clyde Bill Stover will become a Chauncey Depew, after dinner speaker and a golden ton-gued orator. Further he will become a female heart-breaker and woman fascinator and will finally turn his brain in trying to make an im-provement on Edison's graphophone. Dave Van Camp will become a foreign traveller; but the curse of his cast iron walk Q2 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. will finally be the death of him. While walk-ing through the streets of St. Petersburg he will be mistaken for the Czar of Russia and will be blown to atoms by a dynamite bomb. And now our melancholy task is ended. May the fates be with you—you monsters of "94" and may the divinities smooth the rough road of your future experiences. SCIENTIFIC SPIRIT. When we speak of the sciences we generally mean the natural sciences such as geology, chemistry, natural history, and the like; but when we speak of a scientific spirit we mean more. The idea it awakens is a comprehen-sive one. It includes the idea of method and purpose and is the animating spirit not only of the natural sciences but also of philosophy, history, the languages, and indeed of all the prominent branches of learning of to-day. In all of them we find the student observing, com-paring, classifying. The spirit of this age is truly scientific. The so-called rivalry existing between the classics and the sciences is not a justifiable rivalry. It is only the result of bigotry and short-sightedness and we are glad to see that it is gradually disappearing. Both are neces-sary but it was through the proper study of the natural sciences that we have been led to apply practical methods and practical purposes to all branches of learning. The scientific leaven has permeated and modified our entire system of education. That it should have done so is but natural on account of the sub-ject matter with which science deals. "And God saw all that He had made, and behold it was very good." This is what science offers to man for contemplation, and is it not infi-nitely better than what man can offer? By studying the imperfect works of man we may be led into error, but the close observation and proper interpretation of nature, God's work, cannot help but lead us to the truth. The methods and purposes of science are such as will naturally lead us to good methods in all our work and inspire us with the true spirit of progress. Science takes us directly to nature where we find progress stamped on every side. The purpose of science is ever the same. The watch-word is truth, truth, truth. This may be seen in the character and meth-ods of the men who pursue scientific investiga-tion. They are beyond a doubt among the most honest and truthful of men. One of our leading educated men said a few years ago that he never heard of but two cases where a scientific man willingly said in scientific re-search what he knew to be untrue; and this was in regard to the classification of two shells. Can this be said of other professions? The scientific man is required to put aside all pre-conceived notion and theories and prepare his mind for the reception of the truth. He has no more victory to gain; for so long as victory and not truth is the primary object the contest is sure to be bitter and unjust. In his experi-ments he works carefully, he observes closely, he interprets according to the best light and knowledge that he has and announces the re-sult to the world whether it agrees with a the-ory that he may have advanced or not. If the facts do not sustain his theory he rejects it and turns to what the facts seem to justify. Thus he approaches nearer and nearer to the truth. This may be seen in the long series of experi: ments made to establish or overthrow the the-ory of spontaneous generation. And in giving the arguments in favor of a theory the scien-tist also gives its objections, and indeed some of the strongest objections came from the very men themselves who advanced the theory. And again, the methods of science are such as lead most surely and directly to the object sought; to express the unknown in terms of the known; to lead to a truth not before realized. "Science above all things demands personal concentration. Its home is the study of the mathematician, the quiet laboratory of the ex-perimenter, and the cabinet of the meditative observer of nature." Science realizes the truth that to accept a fact on mere authority means intellectual death. Man has been THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 93 termed, "Das rastlose ursachenthier," the rest- \ less cause-seeking animal. The intuition of causality is in man and will assert itself. Rec-ognizing this fact, science is ever striving to bring to man's notice secondary causes which, when viewed aright, point us on and on to a great First Cause which true science not only requires but demands. Scientists have also had to learn many things by experience, and one of these is not to form a conclusion until the facts justify it. They have made many errors in this way and have been taught that there are times when the judgment must be held in suspense, the data upon which the decision should be based may be just what is wanting. The high aim of scientific work, its practical methods, and the high order of subject matter with which science deals have furnished a suit-able basis for the growth and development of scientific spirit. It began to manifest itself very early but its progress for a long time was slow. It was thought to lead to error and for this reason stifled and suppressed from the be-ginning. Probably the greatest and most act-ive agent in suppressing scientific research was the church. The conclusions reached by science seemed to contradict the teachings of the Bible. The theory of the antipodes was not found in the Bible. Evolution contra-dicted the doctrine that the world was created in six days, Joshua commanded the sun to stand still. The ideas of scientists with respect to these were looked upon by the church as false. But it may be said of them in the words of Gamaliel: "If they be of God, ye cannot overthrow them; if they be of man, they will come to naught.'' The victory thus far seems to have been on the side of science. The re-sult of this attempt to suppress the searching after truth has been just the opposite from what was expected. Instead of restraining it by the rigid envelope thrown about it they in reality gave it explosive force, and when it did burst forth it was with a power that was con- ! vincing. And to-day we find these very theo- \ ries advocated by many Christian teachers, j Indeed they are no longer looked upon as the-ories but as facts. It is also often urged that scientific research leads to atheism. While it is a fact that many of our leading scientists were not professed Christians, yet is science entirely to blame for this ? May not much of the blame lie with the church rather than with science ? The church was at variance with what science knew to be true. Her conduct toward these was such as would drive them to renounce the church and make them hate religion. Bruno, for believing in the doctrine of Ca-pernicus, was burned at the stake. Galileo, thirty-three years later, to save himself from the same fate, was obliged to abjure, on bended knees and with his hands upon the Holy Gos-pels, the heliocentric doctrine which he knew to be true. No wonder that these men were led to hate the church and through the errors of the church to spurn Christianity. It put science and religion at war with each other. But to-day we are glad to see that this difference is gradually disappearing and the church is willing to accept many of the teach-ings of science as in harmony with the Bible. And in turn we find that many of our leading scientists are now professed Christians. Kep-ler gave voice to the true scientific spirit when he said: "Oh, God, I think thy thoughts after Thee!" Science is ever striving to know God's thoughts as expressed in nature. Although the growth of scientific spirit was slow until quite recently, yet its practical ben-efits have been many. It has been applied to the study of history. By its methods we are enabled, as it were, to get back of the histor-ian. We wish to learn his character and his methods of working; we wish to know whether he used the best material at his command, whether he suppressed any of the facts or took them out of their connection, thus giving them a wrong interpretation. We wish to know whether he had some political purpose in view or not; whether he told the whole truth as he saw it for the truth's own sake. It has also been of advantage to history indirectly through 94 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. the comparative study of language. By its methods we have been able to bridge over chasms between nations, thus establishing the nation's origin which would otherwise have been imposssible. It has also been of value to the church. A proper application of scientific methods tends to eliminate many of the errors which man has read into the Bible. Sin has dulled man's per-ception and a struggle is necessary for him to regain his lost position. To accomplish this man's nature requires that science and religion •go hand in hand; that scientific methods be complemented and enlightened by Christian revelation. We can thus see scientific spirit playing an important part in every department of daily life. It is the motive power of the age. It brings about invention after invention. It enthuses the age with its true progressive spirit and urges us on and on to a higher state of civili-zation. E. M. STAHL. IN THE CONFLICT. Perfection is the aim of all true manhood; perfection is the moral, intellectual, and phys-ical qualities which we possess. We turn over history's pages, and we see tier upon tier of anxious faces in the arena with eager eye set upon the gladiator, physically perfect, as he strains every muscle to win the conflict. Year after year he has trained those brawny arms for the final encounter. At first it seemed that this would be a fitting representa-tion of the "Conflict of Life," into which the class of '94 is to enter. But second thought suggested (with no intention of making any plea for athletic sports,) that the modern ath-lete as he contends for glory and victory is more fitting because a more familiar represent-ative. 'Tis a perfect day in autumn on which the final contest upon the field of manly sport is to take place. Thousands of anxious faces are watching for the heroes of the hour. In that great throng are friends and relations of each participant, who have come to cheer their favorite on to victory. But they need not wait long, for here comes that well-trained band led by its alert Captain, who thinks thoughts worthy of a Napoleon or a Washing-ton, while planning for victory in the struggle. Can you faintly hear those words of exhor-tation from the lips of that captain, as his men are gathered about him, drinking in those final words intended for no other ears than theirs: "My men, we must win. Glory, honor, supremacy, lie in victory, while these will all be lost if we lose. I want every man to do his very best; remember what you are contending for, never give up until the last moment is gone, and if it brings defeat, I want to feel that every man has done his duty. This is all I can expect." I dare say those noble words of Nelson, "England ex-pects every man to do his duty," awakened no nobler sentiments, no truer courage. But the conflict begins, yet it is not one of brute force, for these are gentlemen who con-tend to-day for victory and for nothing else. The great masses of human strength heave to and fro. But see! At the moment when every man's best is needed, the one from whom much was expected, lags behind or makes a blunder, because he is not the true athlete, because he has shirked some duty or scorned some word of advice. The conflict intensifies, victory is seated on the banners of neither contestant as yet and the precious moments are flying. Ere long, the contest must be decided; if hopes are to be realized, now is the time. Summoning every particle of strength, and the whole power of will, they make one grand movement, one united effort and the victory is won. The hour has brought reward for toil. "This is the only part of an athlete's career of which the public knows anything, this brilliant climax of half a year's daily work and sacrifice." People know nothing of that self-denial, which has given up pleasures in-numerable, which has declined solicitations THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 95 to self-indulgence, which has given up things which made College life what it is. There is no more room for the indolent man in athletics than there is for the lazy bee in the hive. He is stung by the piercing words of ridicule until life is made a burden for him. But energy alone does not make the victors. Mental discipline is no less a factor to his suc-cess than physical power. Brawn and will, a cool, calm intellect, these are the requisites. Were I making a plea for athletics, I could point you to example after example, where the man who led his team to victory, also led his class; where the fingers which pitched the winning game, penned the grandest words which won the prize. Manly self-respect and refinement are im-portant requisites in an athlete's training. Evil habits and wrong ideas, which mar many a life, have been given up, because it was ab-solutely necessary. These having been given up, and the man having been made a man, cruel appetite and seemingly irresistible desire .lost their sway and he remains a man forever. Many harsh words of criticism have come to his ears from the lips of superiors, who have shown him his faults, and who have plainly told him just what was expected of him. But these only give a tenderer tone, a sweeter sound to the final words of exhortation and are forgotten in the moments of victory. If there is one thing which towers high above everything else, it is courage. The coward, no matter what other qualities he may possess, is not wanted. He is a hindrance. It takes a Heffiefinger to stand by a poor, for-lorn man, who is at the mercy of an angry lynching mob and defy them to carry out their awful purpose. It takes a Frederick Brokaw to plunge into the angry, roaring waters to save a servant girl and to give his own young, promising life in the attempt. These are some of the stages of the athlete's training. I trust that you have been able to see the analogy of our own lives, but a few words of application may make it plainer. Not unlike this training has been our own. For four years we have been in preparation for the conflict upon which we enter to-day. As the true athlete learns to receive the kindly criticism of his superiors, so we, too, have learned to be grateful to those who point out errors to us. Although it is not pleasant to stand up to be criticised, yet when we think of it, we really ought to congratulate our-selves, every time we learn of a new fault, not because we have such a fault, but because we have now discovered it. For the discovery of a fault is to anyone who is living worthily, an opportunity for fresh conquest, and for a new advance in the evolution of a noble character. In our preparation for Eife's Conflict, refine-ment in word and manner, has been an im-portant factor. "True nobleness is always gentle. Eove is the law of life, and whatever is unloving is a blemish." We may not be familiar with the rules of etiquette, may not be able to appear gracefully in a drawing room; and yet we may have a grace and gentleness of heart, which will give to our bearing and acts the truest refinement. Have you ever known a true athlete to be a coward? Has the true man ever shown cow-ardice ? No, it is he who can bear the scorns and sneers of those who oppose him in his de-fense of truth and right. Energy. especially has been a part of our training. Some men who never get on in life blame their failure on unfavorable circum-stances. They think if their conditions had only been different, they would have been suc-cessful. But the way to make the most of life is not to get easy conditions, it is to take the conditions we have and by energy, faithful-ness, indomitable courage, and unsparing, un-relaxing toil, to make our conditions and circumstances serve Us in doing the work of life well. The ambition to win the contest has been a powerful influence. Without enthusiastic am-bition, we are not worthy the lofty name of men. God did not make us to grovel like worms. He made us to rise to glory. The world has neither .use nor room for men who 96 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. are without energy and persistence. They can only be dropped out and left behind while the conflict rages. People do not dream them-selves into grand characters and lofty posi-tions. And there never was a time when it was grander to live than now, when true men have larger opportunities to do noble deeds and make a worthy record for themselves. The ambition of the athlete is to win. "The desire of every true-hearted and worthy young man is to reach that vision of beauty and nobleness which he himself earnestly desires to attain. It is radiant and spotless." Some one says "God never yet permitted us to frame a theory too beautiful for his power to make practicable.'' The conflict is not to be won in a day; a lifetime alone is sufficient. Yet the victory should be kept before the eye all the time, and the effort to obtain that victory should never faint nor lag for an instant. Through all experiences, through trial, temptation, discouragement, opposition, defeat and failure, the eye should rest unwaveringly upon the goal and the purpose to conquer should never be abandoned. "The thoughts of victory dawning on the soul Are glorious heaven gleams; And God's eternal Truth lies folded deep In all man's lofty dreams. F. H. BLOOMHARDT. IVY POEM. BY COKA B. HAKTMAN. oh, green twining Ivy, true emblem of friendship, That friendship which lives through all sorrow and care, That spurns the rude thrust ot the blast of misfortune And grows still more dear, be the sky dark or fair. Oh, bright glossy Ivy with silver-veined foliage, ' That ever is green and ne'er becomes sere, How like to fond memory thy very existence, Hemembrance of life and of things that were dear. Oh, small Ivy sprig, with thy dainty young tendrils That tell of the ties of devotion and love, We look on thy beauty and think of the future. We trust thee our sentiments nobly to prove. By the side of this hall, the Chapel Memorial, We plant thee with joy and an uprising prayer That dear mother Earth may love thee and cherish. And give thee the best of her motherly care. Grow onward and upward, dear plant, on thy mission, Cling close to the wall with a gentle embrace, Heed not the loud threat of the nearing dread tempest, Nor clouds darkly hiding the sun's smiling face. Enshroud this high wall with thy evergreen mantle, Adorn every part with thy tap'stry of life; Preserve from decay and shield it from ruin, Protect from the storm and from time's ruthless strife. Then, emblem of friendship, remembrance, devotion, Speak fervently, lovingly, words sweet to hear, Recall to the mem'riesof those who shall follow The class '94, the class of this year. Tell how all its members are faithful and earnest In the struggle of life as onward time runs, Tell how they are loyal to dear Alma Mater, Now devoted to her are her daughters and sons. LOCAL G-OVERNMENT. It is our favorite boast as American citizens that we are the freest people on the face of the globe. And such, indeed we are. This is the sentiment of the political philosopher, as well as the patriotic citizen, filled with a par-donable pride. Here liberty, in the truest sense of that much misused term, has found a secure abode. Our government was "conceived in lib-erty." This was the spirit that animated even our pilgrim forefathers who, to secure it, left home and country to brave the mighty deep. This was the spirit of the heroes of the revo-lution who poured out their life-blood upon the altar of their country. This was the spirit of the framers of our Constitution, which was established, as they said, "to secure the bless-ings of liberty to ourselves and our poster-ity." In the government of a people so jealous of their rights, so filled with the love of liberty and self-government, it is natural to expect that they would keep a large part of the power of government as near to themselves and as directly under their own immediate control as possible. So we find it in our coun-try to-day. A local government has been es-tablished in our midst, forming a most im-portant part of our governmental structure. It is not the purpose, at present, to point out the wisdom of this course on the part of our ancestors, to show how necessary this step was to the securing of real liberty, but rather to point out the importance of this branch of our government to the welfare of the citizen THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 97 to-day, and the necessity of a wise and eco-nomic administration of our local affairs. It is the function of local government, broadly speaking, to administer the laws. These the State government for the most part enacts while with the local government it re-mains to carry them out. In other words, the State Legislature enacts laws for the benefit of the people, the local authorities determine how much benefit they shall be to the people and how much such benefit shall cost the peo-ple. The local government thus has virtually under its own control, matters that are of vital concern to the welfare of the people, matters that are of practical importance to the every-day life of every citizen. Education, high-ways, the care of the poor and taxation to pay the expenses incurred are some of the matters in the hands of the local authorities. Educa-tion, for instance, is mostly in the hands of school boards, who erect and furnish school buildings, employ teachers and exercise a gen-eral supervision over the schools. The high-ways are in the hands of road supervisors whose duty it is to keep the roads in repair. The care of the poor is in the hands of poor directors whose duty it is to see that those un-fortunates among us, who are no longer able to care for themselves are comfortably fed and clothed. And so through a long list of officers and duties to describe, which would be ex-tremely tedious and at the same time unnec-essary for the present purpose. The impor-tance of the local government, as seen in these offices, is unquestionable. It is concerned with matters that are of immediate interest to every citizen, and it follows naturally, as be-ing of importance, that it should be adminis-tered well. It is important, in the first place, that it should be administered efficiently—that the ends for which these laws were designed should be accomplished. We see the impor-tance of this in the school management of the borough or township where the condition of our public schools depends largely upon the in-telligence of the school board. We see it too in the care of our public roads where, upon the intelligence of the supervisor—only too often a minus quantity—depends this most im-portant factor of civilization and progress. It is important, in the next place, that it should be administered economically; that the expense connected with such administration should be as little as possible. This consider-ation has been left for the last because it is the one that perhaps most needs emphasis at the present day. We hear, occasionally, of the im-portance of limiting our State and National expenditures "to the necessities of govern-ment, honestly and economically administered. And that is right. But if it is true of our State and National governments how much more is it true of our local government ? It is to the citizen, by all odds, the most expen-sive of all. To the National government we pay no money in direct taxes, and to the State government we pay comparatively little. It is to the local government that we pay the larger part. While economy in our State and Na-tional affairs, it is true, is highly desirable, in our local affairs it becomes essential to the welfare and progress of the citizen. Taxation, though necessary to the carrying on of all government, is none the less a burden, and if a heavy one, may seriously cripple the welfare of a community. Especially is this question of taxation of importance in boroughs and cities, where the burden of taxation often be-becomes almost unbearable and often proves a serious menace to business prosperity. There is economy in government as well as in the home, and it should be practiced as rigorously in the one place as in the other. Extrava-gance in government is robbery. If, by reck-less expenditures on the part of our local of-ficials, the citizen is compelled to pay taxes for which he receives no benefit, he is no less being robbed than if he is met upon the highway and made to give up his money un-der the threat of death as the alternative. Ex-travagance in government is a baneful evil that should be removed as speedily as possible wherever found. As a means of checking reckless expendi- BSBKBHT 98 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. tures on the part of our local officials the local office-holders should be made to feel that he is directly responsible to the citizen for every dollar that he expends. The spirit of those local papers which are disposed to acquaint the citizen with the manner in which our local affairs are being carried on is highly com-mendable. The citizen has a right to know what his money goes for and at the same time the honest, conscientious official will not fear publicity. Above all, that our local affairs may be ad-ministered well, we must place good men in charge. To this end let us use our best ef-forts. Let us not stay at home on election day under the mistaken impression that our local affairs are of little importance. But let us go to the polls and vote. Political apathy has no right among a self-governing people. Let us throw aside party prejudices. "Principles, not men," may be a good motto for a Na-tional election but it certainly is not for a local one. Let us vote for the best man regardless of party differences. Let the men who have charge of our local affairs be the most honest, the most intelligent, the most energetic that the commvmity can offord. H. A. ALLISON. * ♦ ♦ JUNIOR ORATORICAL CONTEST. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 20TH, 18 ♦Progress and Triumph of Democracy, tThe Courage of Conviction, - *Our Present Peril, - - - - tThe True Shekinah, - ♦Ships that Go Down in the Night, - ffrue Greatness of Man, - *Our Mental Lives, - tSeeking the Goal, - J. E. BYERS. W. A. HARTMAN. M. G. L. RIETZ. H. E. CLARE. • W. A. KUMP. W. D. MAYNARD. - H. M. WlTMAN. A. R. LONGANECKER. •Phruiiiikoxmiiill. tl'llUumatlitoan. OUR MENTAL LIVES. "In the world there is nothing great but man; In man there is nothing great but mind." This is an aphorism of Sir William Hamilton. What sublime truth! But we may go yet further and say that man is the world. All forms of matter and of life were created for him, to serve his ends. The world is his, he rules it—he is the world. Again, we may as-sert that the mind, or more strongly, the soul is the man. By natural conclusion, therefore, the mind, the soul is the world. And truly, indeed, is the soul man's real world. We are to treat of this world, more particu-larly of the mind. What a symbol of power in very grandeur! Crowning endowment of man, God's noblest work! The image of the Divine mind, its faculties and powers approach those of the Creator. Designed to comprehend and interpret His thoughts and His laws as written on the tablets of nature and in man himself, it thinks over again these thoughts of the great uncreated Thinker. Vast and ex-haustive sciences and philosophies has this thinking mind established, wherein are re-corded its analyses and explanations of the laws of nature, of man and of God. Un-checked by the narrow confines of the world, the bounds of space, or the limits of time, it may wander at pleasure amid empires and wonderlands of its own creation, and even pierce the woeful borders of Hell or enter the blissful gates of Heaven as did the inspired soul of Milton. Reason, Understanding, all the capacities for thought and for knowledge! What pro-found powers are these ! Dominating influ-ences of the world! Imagination, Memory! What wonderful and delightful kingdoms! Girt in such robes of majesty, with a dignity both grand and sublime, adorned with almost angelic graces, the lofty soul of man, acknowl-edging its Lord and Maker and gaining its mighty power from that divine source, by its soul-quickening, soul-inspiring personality, has conquered the world and reigns supreme in its vast realms. What wonder that Plato called the faculties gods and that France was led to worship Reason! In the infinite wisdom of God, and in the divine harmony of the creation, all minds were not endowed alike, but each with its peculiar talents and capacities. Again, Mr. Emerson says: "It seems as if the Deity dressed each THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 99 soul which He sends into nature in certain vir-tues and powers not communicable to other men, and, sending it to perform one more turn through the circle of beings, wrote, 'Not trans-ferrable' and 'Good for this trip only' on these garments of the soul." Each soul, in its sov-ereign freedom and in the exercise of its di-vinely appointed prerogatives, may use and develop its talents for its own betterment and the good of mankind, or it may consign them to decay and death, abandoning itself to sen-sual pleasures, the glamours and enchant-ments of the world. Man's talents are the gifts of God, the signature of Divinity written on his soul. To despise them is to despise God Himself. What cowards, what robbers we are! What very pigmy souls in compari-son to the grandeurs possible to us? What soul has ever attained to its highest possibility? Yea, how many attain to even a middle de-gree ? What a world of wasted power! No less a mind than that of Mr. Emerson thus observes: "There is an American dis-ease, a paralysis of the active faculties, which falls on young men of this country, as soon as they have finished their college education, which strips them of all manly aims and be-reaves them of animal spirits; so that the no-blest youths are in a few years converted into pale Caryatides to uphold the temple of con-vention. Is there not room, then, for a most serious consideration of our subject? Mental j paralysis, mental lethargy, mental loafing are diseases which have blighted and ruined the powers of many thousands of minds. From non-use, disuse, as well as abuse of the facul-ties of the mind, men become intellectual sui-cides and the evil is a most prevalent one. De-based and degraded, the soul is dragged from its throne, the sceptre, which is conscience, is broken, and the crown, which is reason, is thrown away. We make our lives the fulfillment or the failure of a grand purpose. According to his individual concept of this purpose so will each man fashion his life. Some merely live, es-teeming only health and bodily sustenance; others esteem wealth; others worldly power; others social distinction; and of a great major-ity pleasure is the highest aim. With such use the higher faculties of the mind must be-come dwarfed and well-nigh lost. How many mere sentient beings there are in the world, who go by the name of men, but who know not the higher intellections of the soul ? Says Bovee : '' Mind unemployed is mind unenjoyed." And Spenser : "It is the mind that makes good or ill That maketh wretch or happy, rich or poor." Our lives, then, are truly our thoughts. If we have beautiful and happy thoughts, our ' lives are beautiful and happy. If the resources of our souls are marked with richness or pov-erty, our lives are virtually rich or poor. It is in the quality of our pleasures not in the amount that the soul is truly and lastingly happy. Oh, the dignity and joy of the true life of the soul! Happy indeed was Sir Wm. Byrd, who could muse thus : "My mind to me a kingdom Is; Such perfect joy therein I And, As far exceeds all earthly bliss, That God and nature hath assigned." "Every mind,", says Channing, "was made for growth, for knowledge, and its nature is sinned against when it is doomed to ignorance. We owe it to ourselves, our fellowmen and our God to cultivate and develop our indi-vidual powers. The responsibility is tremen-dous, and, in contemplating it, even souls that are most brave in the heat of life's battle grow coward. Were it possible to resign this life for that better, even without having accom-plished anything in the world, how many of us would have the courage to stand forth and say : I will live out and accomplish the pur-pose for which I was created ? What miserable courage we have-! It is said of Michael Angelo, that, when he had finished his statue of Moses, and the figure stood there in its perfect form and beautiful S3'mmetry, seeming to beam forth a living soul, yet lifeless, in his desperation he struck it on the knee with his hammer, saying in the intense feeling of his soul : "I can do every-thing for you but give you life." And we IOO THE COLLEGE MERCURY. can well understand his despair. Oh, man that hast life, that art "so noble in reason, so infinite in faculty, in form and moving so ex-press and admirable, in action so like an angel, in apprehension so like to God, the beauty of the world, and the paragon of animals," shalt thou not be more than statue, not more than caryatide ! If there is no other reason why we should develop our individual powers of mind, then for a defense: If we would escape a life of comparative blankness and loneliness, of con-tinued dissatisfaction and endless despair, we would lay up in our own souls stores of knowl-edge and truth, that we might ever find in their rich resources an abundance of wealth and precious stones of inestimable worth, of ever newer and more delightful form, and in our own noble and beautiful thoughts most pleasant and congenial companionship. Let each fact which we attain be, as Mr. Emerson calls it, "a fulcrum of the spirit," and let the will in its purity be the lever by which to raise the spirit higher. Let each expansion of the soul be as an invitation from heaven to explore loftier regions of thought. Finally, we are each of us writing a book of our lives, which shall be opened on that Great Day in the presence of the angel hosts and the multitudes of earthly souls ranged before the Judgment Bar of God. In it shall be found a strict record of the soul as to every thought and every deed. Shall its pages be filled with beautiful and refined thoughts that shall shine forth in characters of living light ? Shall the pages be written in dull monotony ? or shall they be blank ? We are each day numbering them. H. M. WITMAN. BOLL OF HONOR. FIRST GRADE. MARGARET R. HIMES, DAVID W. VAN CAMP, - HERBERT A. ALLISON, JULIUS F. SEEBACH, FRED H. BLOOMHARDT, - SECOND GRADE. FRANK E. FICKINGER, PAUL W. KOLLER, Gettysburg. Plainfield. Gettysburg. Waynesboro. Altoona. New Bloomfield. Hanover. GR^FF PRIZE, For best Essay on Tennyson's '-Princess." CORA E. HARTMAN, - - - - Mummasburg. HASSLER GOLD MEDAL-Junior Latin Prize. NATHANIEL C. BARBEHENN, - - Gettysburg. WITH HONORABLE MENTION OF WALDO D. MAYNARD, - - - Schoharie, N. Y. M. G. L. RIETZ, - Amsterdam, N. Y. HERBERT F. RICHARDS, - - - Zanesville, O. BAUM SOPHOMORE MATHEMATICAL PRIZE. LUTHER P. EISENHART, - - - York. DAVID E. RICE, - - - - Chambersburg. WITH HONORABLE MENTION OF EDNA M. LOOMIS, . - Troy. MUHLENBERG FRESHMAN PRIZE, For best general Scholarship. HENRY WOLF BIKLE, - - - Gettysburg. WITH HONORABLE MENTION OF GEORGE F. ABLE, - Philadelphia. ELKANAH M. DUCK, - - - Spring Mills. REDDIG PRIZE IN ORATORY. HORACE M. WITMAN, - - ' - Harrisburg. WITH HONORABLE MENTION OF WILLIAM A. KUMP, - - - Hanover. HONORARY DEGREES. Doctor of Divinity, Rev. Frank Richards, Zanesville, Ohio. " " " " J. A. Singmaster, Allentown, Pa. " " " " J. L. Smith, E. End, Pittsburg, Pa. " " " " M. G. Boyer, Aitch, Pa. " " Science, Prof. Geo. W. Gross, York, Pa. Master of Arts, Clarence J. Reddig, Shippensburg, Pa. Doctor of Philosophy, (on examination) Rev. M. M. Kinard, Columbia, S. C. COLLEGE C0MM2NCENENT PROGRAMME. THURSDAY, JUNE Latin Salutatory, - Scientific Spirit, - . - - National Sentiment, The Retirement of Gladstone, The Benefits of Opposition, The Lesson of the Mountains, Lynch Law, its Cause and Cure, - Local Government, - The Academic Atmosphere, In the Conflict, with the Valedictory, 21ST, 1894. - DAVID W. VAN CAMP. ELMER M. STAHL. - WILLIAM F. LUTZ. BENJAMIN R. LANTZ. - FRANK E. FICKINGER. JULIUS F. SEEBACH. - PAUL W. KOLLER. HERBERT A. ALLISON. - MARGARET R. HIMES. - F. H. BLOOMHARDT. CONFERRING OF DEGREES. H. W. MCKNIGHT, D. D., LL. D., President of the College' CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES. Rev. John M. Axe, " Thomas B. Birch, Garnet Gehr, Esq., Rev. Samuel G. Heffelbower, Rev. John E- Hoick, " Albert O. Mullen, " August Pohlmann, " William G. Slifer, MASTER OF ARTS. Rev. Stanley Billheimer, " Wilton C. Dunlap, Robert N. Hartman, Ph. D., William Hersh, Esq., Rev. J. B. Markward, Luther C. Peter, M. D., Rev. Charles L. Ritter, William L. Smyser, THE COLLEGE MERCURY. IOI Rev. George F. Snyder, Charles W. Walker, Esq., Rev. Robert B. Wolf, F. P. Whitmer, '90. Rev. Martin L. Tate, " Edmund J. Wolf, " Noah Yeiser, '90, BACHELOR OF AKTS. Herbert Allen Allison, - call Platt Bastlan, - Fred Herman Bloomhardt, Frank Barndt, - Luekctt Ashton Bush, William Babylon Duttera John Super English, John Sherman Fair, - Frank Flcklnger, - James Whit e Gladhlll, Cora Elizabeth llartman, ■ Margaret Rebecca Hlmes, William Oscar Ibach, - Matthew Kemp, Charles Froneileld Kloss, Paul Warren Roller, Benjamin Eelgle Lantz, William Filler I.utz, Richard Warren Mottern, Jacob Crayton Nicholas, Julias Frederick seebach, Samuel Blddle Sorrlck, - Elmer McClellan Stahl, Clyde Bell Stover, David William Van Camp, - Gettysburg, Pa. Maple Hill, Pa. - Altoona, Pa. - Sumneytown, Pa. Harney, Md. - Gettysburg, Pa. Harrisburg, Pa. - Altoona, Pa. New Bloomfleld, Pa. - Jersey Shore, Mummasburg, Pa. - Gettysburg, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. - Hazleton, Pa, Tyrone, Pa. Hanover, Pa - Hagerstown, Md. Bedford, Pa. Watsontown, Pa. - West Falrvlew, Pa. Waynesboro', Pa. Willlamsburg, Pa. - Hay's Mills, Pa. Hagerstown, Md. Plain Held, pa. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE. John Hoffer, Jr., Ralph Eaton Miller, William otterbine NIcklas, Harrisburg, Pa. Plnegrove, Pa. Chambersburg, Pa. COWIMENCEWIENT NOTES AND COL-LEGE LOCALS. The old officers of the Alumni Association were re-elected, at the meeting held in Brua Chapel, on Wednesday evening of Commence-ment week. The annual address before the alumni was delivered by George J. Benner, '78, of the Gettysburg Bar. His subject was: "The Signs of the Times.'' H. M. Clabaugh, Esq., '77, was elected alumni orator for next Commencement. Rev. Daniel Garland was re-elected alumni editor of THE MERCURY. Notices were read by the chairman of the obituary committee, of nine Alumni who died during the year: Rev. W. H. Lilly, '71; Rev. Dr. C. A. Hay, '39; Rev. J. Phillip Willard, '39; Rev. C. G. Focht, '87; Rev. H. M. Bickel, '48; Rev. A. C. Stup, '91; Rev. Henry Baker, '41; Rev. Henry L- Ziegenfuss, '66; J. Cassatt Neely, Esq, '56. FOUND.—A gold watch chain, the owner may procure the same by calling upon or ad-dressing Dr. P. M. Bikle, Gettysburg, Pa. The beautiful new flag that now wave from our dormitory merit and receive the admira-tion of every college man. The purchase of these flags is the accomplishment of a general student's movement. It is gratifying to see the patriotic spirit of the boys manifested in this way, especially here where all the sur-roundings call forth the highest and noblest feelings of patriotism. The college wishes to extend its thanks for the following contribu-tions:- From the Faculty, $7.50; class of '94, $5-Oo; '95. $4-5o; '97, $5-oo. The Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity held a banquet on Wednesday evening of Commence-ment week. The large and beautifully fur-nished halls of the new "Eagle Hotel" were used. Rev. D. Frank Garland, the alumni editor of the MERCURY was toast-master for the evening. The following toasts were pro-posed and ably responded to: "Welcome,"—E. H. Wert. "The Fraternity Idea,"—Rev. H. C. Alle-man. "Our Fraternity,"—Sterling Valentine. "The Early Days,"—Prof. E. S. Breiden-baugh, Sc. D. "Reminiscences,"—E. G. Miller. "The'Alumni,"—Geo. J. Benner. "The Active Chapter,"—F. H. Knubel. "The Ladies,"—L. A. Brewer. Some other addresses by the visiting Alumni followed. A very pleasant and enjoyable time was had by all. The annual banquet of "Philo Debating Club" was held on Thursday evening, June 7th, in Minuigh's parlors, on Baltimore street. A very pleasant time was enjoyed by all pres-ent. About 10 o'clock, were served, in a very tasteful and inviting manner, all the rich deli-cacies that go toward adorning the tables of modern Epicureans. After the voluptuous re-past was enjoyed, Mr. Rietz, President of the Club and toastmaster for the evening, called fe 102 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. upon a number of the boys, who kept the merry ball rolling for more than an hour by their witty and much appreciated responses. The boys then returned to College highly pleased, and with a secret vow to be more faithful and to do better work for old Philo. in the future. On Tuesday evening, the 19th inst., the Glee, Banjo and Mandolin Clubs of College, gave an entertainment in Brua Chapel. A new programme was rendered upon this occa-sion, and the performance throughout was es-pecially fine, meriting and receiving much praise from all who were present. The organ-izations are much indebted to Messrs. Nicho-las, Seminary, G. C. Baum, '93, for their act-ive interest in, and highly appreciated serv-ices for the several clubs. The second annual banquet of the Peisel-fannish Deitsch Gesellschaft was held in Min-nigh's parlors, on Chambersburg street, on Thursday evening, June 14th. The attendance was large and the evening was pleasantly spent by all. Toasts were responded to by a number of the members. The President, Mr. E. N. B. Erb, acted as toast master. The organization is in a nourishing condition. The President's reception was held on Thurs-day evening. It was a brilliant and successful affair. The recitation Hall was beautifully deco-rated with flowers and palms. The attendance was larger this year than it has been for a long time. The large number of Alumni and friends present was a gratifying feature. The Metronome Orchestra of Harrisburg furnished the music for the occasion as well as for the other exercises. They have received many compliments for their fine music. The Junior Annual, "The Spectrum," was put on sale last week. The book is the finest annual ever published here. The artistic finish as well as the nature of the matter has been deservedly commented upon. The class is to be congratulated upon its success in getting out such a meritorious annual. We hope other classes will meet with the same support from our loyal Alumni and friends, and that succeeding annuals will even surpass this one in beauty and elegance. The Board of Trustees met on June 20th 1894. Pres. McKnight's report was read and was very satisfactory, showing the college to be in a flourishing condition. The recommendation of Principal Klinger for the appointment of C. B. Van Ormer, as Tutor in the Preparatory Department was con-firmed by the Board. Rev. C. M. Stock, Rev. H. B. Wile, Mr. T. B. Patton and M. G. Boyer were elected members of the Board of Trustees to fill va-cancies. Mr. Benjamin Kunkle and Rev. Dr. Conrad were re-elected. Mr. McPherson succeeds himself as a mem-ber of the Executive Committee. The question of considering the advisability of establishing additional courses of degrees was referred to the Executive Committee to be reported next year. Among the visiting Alumni who were pres-ent at Commencement are the following: '46. Rev. W. M. Baum, D. D. '47. Rev. L. E. Albert, D. D. '48. Hon. Edw. McPherson, E. E- D. '50. Prof. M. Valentine, D. D., E. E- D. '51. Hon. David Wills. '55. Jacob Rinehart, M. D. '56. Robert E. Sibbet, M. D. 57. Rev. Prof. C. E. Keedy, M. D., Rev. D. McC. Gilbert, D. D. '58. Rev. E. S. Johnston. '59. Rev. J. G. Goettman, D. D. '61. Andrew T. Kistler. '62. Rev. M. L. Culler. '63. Prof. E. J. Wolf, D. D. '64. Rev. Frank Richards. '65. Rev T. C. Billheimer, D. D., Rev. M. G. Boyer, Rev. J. C. Roller, D. D. '66. Rev. H. S. Cook. '67. Hart Gilbert, Esq. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 103 '68. John W. Hay, M. D., Prof. J. W. Richard, D. D. '70. Rev. J. T. Gladhill. '71. Rev Charles E. Hay, Rev. D. T. Koser, Rev. John Wagner. '72. George N. Acker, M. D., Rev. J. A. Koser, S. McC. Swope, Esq. '73. Rev. E. H. Leisenring, Rev. J. A. Singmaster. '74. Rev Chas. M. Stock, G. E. Titus, M. D. '75. Rev. E. D. Weigle, D. D., Rev. M. L-Young, Ph. D. '77. Rev. W. M. Baum, Jr., H. M. Cla-baugh, Esq., Rev. Harry B. Wile. '78. George J. Benner, Rev. J. A. Hart-man, Rev. J. F. Mackley. '79. J. F. Graff, Rev. Luther Kuhlman, H. C. Picking, A. C. Wentz, M. D. '80. Rev. A. H. F. Fischer, Rev. J. A. Metzgar, Rev. W. E. Stabler, Sterling G. Val-entine, Ph. D. '82. C. S. Duncan, Esq., Rev. M. H. Val-entine, Rev. H. H. Weber, G. M. Walter, Esq. '83. L. A. Brewer, Esq., J. B. McPherson, Esq., J. E. Musselman. '84. Rev. A. S. Fichthorn. '85. Rev. Edgar Grim Miller, Rev. Ed. Everett Hoshour, Rev. C. Reinewald, Rev. R. Stare. '87. Rev. H. C. Alleman, Rev. Amos A. Parr. '88. Rev. L. S. Black, Rev. D. Frank Gar-land. '89. Donald P. McPherson, John Reed Scott, Esq., Ira L. Tipton. '90. Rev. H. Anstadt, Rev. H. C. Bixler, Rev. E. E. Blint, Rev. F. S. Geesey, Rev. J. F. W. Kitzmeyer, George B. Kunkel, M. D., Rev. W. G. Minnick, Wm. B. Small, M. D. '91. Rev. Stanley Billheimer, Rev. T. B. Birch, Rev. S. G. Hefelbower, Wm. Hersh, Esq., Rev. E. J. Wolf, Rev. R. B. Wolf. '92. H. E. Berkey, C. G. Bikle, M. T. Brown, W. K. Damuth, D. P. Drawbaugh, Frank Hesse, C. H. Huber, G. J. M. Ketner. '93. G. C. Baum, J. J. Brallier, G. M. K. Diffenderfer, H. E. Gettier, A. A. Kelly, F. H. Knubel, J. R. Plank, A. J. Rudisill. Many other Alumni were present whose names could not be obtained. ALUiviNl- '68. Rev. J. W. Richard, D. D., of the Seminary, delivered the Baccalaureate Sermon to the graduating class of Kee Mar College, Hagerstown, Md., on June 3rd. '71. Rev. Dr. E. F. Bartholomew, of Au-gustana College, Rock Island, 111., will spend a year abroad for study. 'Rev. W. E. Fischer, of Shamokin, Pa., de-livered the Baccalaureate to the graduates of the High School of that place on June 3rd. The class numbered twenty-six and their com-mencement was a most creditable and delight-ful affair. '75. Rev. E. D. Weigle, of Altoona, Pa., received the title of D. D., when degrees were conferred at Selins Grove, Pa. '76. Rev. Prof. Jacob Yutzy, pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of Selins Grove, has issued a "Memorial Jubilee Volume," con-taining a history of the church for the past half century. The work is a valuable acqui-sition to the history of the Lutheran church. '78. Mr. George J. Benner, Esq., of Gettys-burg, delivered the address before the alumni of the College on Wednesday evening, June 21st. '82. Rev. A. R. Steck, of Indianapolis, Ind., who preached a trial sermon lately in St. James church, has accepted the call extended to him by the congregation to be the successor of Dr. Swartz. Mr. Steck will soon enter upon his duties. '86. Rev. Prof. O. G. Klinger, Principal of the Preparatory department of College, deliv-ered the annual address before the Irving Col-lege C. E. Society, Sunday evening, June 3rd. '90. Rev. S. T. Nicholas, pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of Allegheny, io4 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. was married to Miss Elizabeth Spangler, of Areudtsville, Pa. '90. Mr. George P. Kunkel, who has been engaged in the Reading Hospital for the past year will now set up practice for himself in Harrisburg. '90. Rev. W. G. Minnick, who was with us during commencement, is meeting with good success in his new field of labor, Harney, Md. Mr. Minnick had charge of the exercises at the dedication of the new cemetery in that place. '90. The many friends of Rev. J. W. F. Kitzmeyer, were glad to welcome him here again. Mr. Kitzmeyer has been engaged in Davis, W. Va., for the past year as a Lutheran pioneer and has been so successful that he has built a beautiful church. '91. Rev. W. C. Dunlap, of the graduating class of the Seminary, was married on June 6th, to Miss Irene Beck. Mr. and Mrs. Dun-lap will reside at Duncannon, Pa., to the pas-torate of which Mr. Dunlap was called. '91. Rev. C. L. Ritter, of the Senior Class J at Gettysburg Seminary has accepted a unani-mous call to the Fayetteville charge in Frank-lin Co., Pa. '91. Rev. A. O. Mullen, of the Seminary, has been elected pastor at Altamont, N. Y. '92. Mr. Maurice T. Brown, who is mer-chandising with his brother in Waynesboro, Pa., visited his many friends here during com-mencement. '92. Rev. G. Albert Getty, of Baltimore, was married to Miss Alathea W. Bernard, of Harford Co., Md. Rev. Milton Valentine per-formed the ceremony. '93. Mr. W. H. Ehrhart, of the Theological Seminary, is supplying a mission charge at Red Lion, York Co., Pa. '93. Mr. George Baum, for the past year a student at the University of Pennsylvania, and a member of their Banjo Club, was with us prior to commencement coaching the Instru-mental Clubs for the concert. '93. Mr. Wm. J. Gies, of Manheim, Pa., who has been a student at Yale for the past year, acquitted himself so well that he has been awarded a special scholarship by the University as an inducement for him to con-tinue his studies there in the cause of Biology, leading in two years to the degree of Ph. D. In addition, he has been offered the position for the coming year of assistant to Prof. R. H. Chittenden, the greatest Physiological Chem-istry expert in the United States and Professor in the Biological Laboratory of the University. '93. Mr. Wm. F. Bare, of the Seminary, will supply the mission charge at Greenmount, York Co., Pa., during the summer vacation. '93. Mr. Marion J. Kline, of Frederick, Md., a student in the Seminary, recently preached a very able sermon in his own church, of which Rev. Luther Kuhlman is pastor. Mr. Kline will supply St. Paul's Luth-eran church, Washington, D. C, during the absence of Rev. Dr. Domer. We congratu-late Mr. Kline on this excellent opportunity. JENNIS. DOUBLES—FIRST SERIES. Bloomhardt and Wheeler vs. Stover and Keffer. Dloorahardt and Wheeler: 6-1, 6-3. Barndt and Forney vs. Graff and Danner. Graff and Danner: 3-6, 7-5, 6-2. Baum and Byers vs. T,oudon and Stup. Baum and Byers: 6-4, 6-4. Fair and Monath vs. Carty and Bixler. Fair and Monath: 6-3, 6-4. Gladhill and Kain vs. Wiest and Hollinger. Gladhill and Kain: 6-4, 7-5. Kloss and Wolf vs. Hoffer and Feldman. Kloss and Wolf: 6-1, 6-4. Herr and Apple vs. I^antz and Heindel. I^antz and Heindel: 6-4, 4-6, 6-4. Fickinger and Moser vs. Keefer and Enniss. Fickinger and Moser: 6-1, 6-2. Crilly and Brosius vs. Eckels and Auckerman. Crilly and Brosius: 7-5. 6-2. SECOND SERIES. Graff and Danner vs. Kloss and Wolf. Kloss and Wolf: 3-6, 6-2, 6-1. Bloomhardt and Wheeler vs. Crilly and Brosius. Bloomhardt and Wheeler: 6-2, 6-1. Fair and Monath vs. Gladhill and Kain. Gladhill and Kain: 63, 6-4. Baum and Byers vs. Crilly and Brosius. Crilly and Brosius: 6-2, 2-6, 6-4. THE COLLEGE MERCURY. 105 RECITATION HALL LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY GETTVJ5URG, PENN'A y A DeMPWOLF. ARCH'T. YORK, PENN'A. VIEW mOM THE NORTH THE NEW SEMINARY BUILDING. THIRD SERIES. Kloss and Wolf vs. Fickinger and Moser. Kloss and Wolf: 6-2, 3-6, 6-4. Crilly and Brosins vs. Gladliill and Kain. Gladhill and Kain: 6-i, 6-2. FOURTH SERIES. . Bloomhardt and Wheeler vs. Kloss and Wolf. Bloomhardt and Wheeler: 6-1, 5-7, 4-6, 6-1. 6-2. FIFTH SERIES. Bloomhardt and Wheeler vs. Gladhill and Kain. Bloomhardt and Wheeler: 6-2, 6*1, 9-7. SINGLES—FIRST SERIES. Gladhill vs. Barndt. Gladhill: 6-3,6-2. Lantz vs. Crilly. Crilly: 6-4, 6-4. Bloomhardt vs. Graff. Bloomhardt. (Forfeited.) Fair vs. London. Fair: 6-2, 6-0. Fickinger vs. Kloss. Fickinger: 6-2, 6-4. SECOND SERIES. Gladhill vs. Miller. Miller: 12-10, 6-4. Fickinger vs. Crilly. Crilly: 6-2, 6-8, 6-0. Bloomhardt vs. Fair. Bloomhardt: 6-0, 6-4. THIRD SERIES. Bloomhardt vs. Miller. Bloomhardt: 6-4, 6-2, 6-i. FOURTH SERIES. Bloomhardt vs. Crilly. 1 Bloomhardt: 6-4, 6-2, 6-3. INTER-FRATERNITY TOURNAMENT. Phi Delta Theta vs. Phi Gamma Delta. Phi Gamma Delta: 7-5, 6-3. Phi Kappa Psi vs. Sigma Chi. Phi Kappa Psi: 6-1, 6-0. Phi Kappa Psi vs. Phi Gamma Delta. Phi Gamma Delta: 4-6, 6-2, 6-3. Phi Gamma Delta vs. Alpha Tau Omega. Phi Gamma Delta: 6-0, 6-0. SEWIINARY NOTES. We are pleased to present to our readers a view of the new Seminary building, taken from plans submitted by the architect. The view is from the north-west side. The esti-mated cost of the new building and re-mod-eling of the old is sixty thousand dollars. On Sunday, May 27th, Rev. Dr. M. Valen-tine preached the baccalaureate sermon, tak-ing as his text: "The cloak that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee." On Monday evening the Rev. Frank Man-hart, of Selin's Grove, delivered the annual lecture on "Christian Worship, its Forms and Spirit," and on Wednesday evening the ad- io6 THE COLLEGE MERCURY. dress to the Alumni was made by the Rev. E. D. Weigle, of Altoona. Thursday evening the regular graduating exercises were held in Christ church, and ora-tions were delivered by the following: "Ap-plied Christianity," John E. Hoick, Oswego, N. Y.; "Spener and his Influence," Harry Anstadt, York; "Christianity's Conquest of the World," G. Albert Getty, Baltimore. Dr. Valentine then delivered diplomas to the fol-lowing graduates: Harry Anstadt, York; John McM. Axe, Bellville; Fuller Bergstresser, Middletown, Md.; Johannes S. Braren, Brecklum, Ger-many; Stanley Billheimer, Gettysburg; Thos. B. Birch, Bloomsburg; Milton C. Dunlap, Pine Grove Mills; George Albert Getty, Bal-timore, Md.; S. Gring Hefelbower, Newville; William W. Hess, Gettysburg; Henderson N. Miller, Salisbury, N. C; Albert O. Mullen, Baltimore, Md.; Robert E. Patterson, China Grove, N. C, Charles E. Ritter, Keysville; William G. Slifer, Rohrersville, Md.; H. E. Sloop, China Grove, N. C; George F. Sny-der, Port Royal; Martin E. Tate, Everett; Robert B. Wolf, Edmund J. Wolf, Centre Hall. Nearly all the members of the graduating class have received calls and many have al-ready commenced their work. At a special meeting of the Board of Di-rectors, held on Thursday morning, the con-tract for the new building was given to Geo. S. Yinger, at $34,240. The following propositions, which the com-mittee wished the Board to consider, were recommended by them: I. The plans and specifications for re-modeling and re-constructing the old building. It is to be turned into a dormitory with 59 rooms, steam heating introduced, the middle stairway taken out, roof replaced with slate, and walls and chimneys repaired. These re-pairs to cost not less than $8,000. II. The completion of the dormer story of the new building. There are to be nineteen rooms in it and the sum is to be $3,559. III. Plans for the heating by steam. The time for opening bids was extended. IV. The erection of a boiler house, the bid of C. H. Stallsmith being the lowest at $2,- 591-93- V. The placing of steel shelving in the li-brary. The price is $2,550. VI. The water supply for the building and the houses of the professors. It will be neces-sary to get water from the town supply or pump it from the well to a tank, to be placed in the old building. VII. The erection of a house on the Sem-inary grounds for Prof. Richard, who has been living under discomforts and disadvantages, the cost not to exceed $4,500. Rev. P. G. Bell, of Altoona, has been ap-pointed Financial Agent of the Seminary, at a salary of $1,000 and traveling expenses. Messrs. P. H. and W. E. Gladfelter have con-tributed $3,000 towards the fund for the new building; Dr. Charles Baum and Mr. Getty have each contributed $250. ''Takes First (Place." The ramn stands for just what it is, flUje tot Biejefe built ~% for $125.00. »9 1032 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. BASEBALL AND LAWN TENNIS SS5S-? used exclusively through-out the U s. and Canada. Spalding's Trade mark is a guaran-tee that the goods are the best, complete Illustrated Catalogue ready. Sent free. ADVERTISEMENTS. EATON & BURNETT'S ENGLISH, BUSINESS, SHORT HAND UNO TYPE1IIING, (Training School FOR YOUNG MEN fl^D WOMEN-YOHN BROS., ^>-Sol© j\cjonts FOP-V JAUIGV, Hardrqan,, Voso, ©oqoVop, Sol'^ubept, AND OTHKR PIANOS. Harqli'n, F^aol-^ard, ©l^ieago ©ottage, AND OTHKR ORGANS. 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B illiard t>4. f j Entrance examinations 1 Id daily throughput the *L year. Enrollment blanks on application. M Gall or send for descriptive printed matter con- \ cerning the School. gpragFvw'V1 ■arnFiw1wnn* *&V*V*St CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA ; ^BOOK pMS. No. 20 N. Second St. N. W. Cor. Market Sq HARRISBURG, PA. Headquarters for LUTHERAN, METHODIST, PRESBYTERIAN. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, REFORMED. J INTERNATIONAL, OXFORD. BAGSTER, CAMBRIDGE, AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Sunday School Libraries, Lesson Leaves, Helps, and General Supplies. THEOLOGICAL BOOKS. Latest publications always on sale. Special discount to Clergymen and Theo-logical Students. Agents wanted by our SUBSCRIPTION BOOK DEPARTMENT for rapidly selling Books. Lib-eral Terms. Exclusive territory oil early ap-plication. Write for information. SWALLOW