Suchergebnisse

The first part of this article discusses the methodology for studying the conditions and means of knowledge transfer in interdisciplinary research. It is based on a combination of methodology from historical, socio-cultural and scientific research applied to the study of the conditions of interdisciplinary communication, with a methodological approach characteristic of the philosophy and epistemology of science, focusing on studying means of transfer. It is suggested that conceptual metaphors, or semantic transfers between conceptual domains, which are studied in cognitive linguistics, be considered as such tools. The article analyzes their role in interdisciplinary transfer using the author's parallel dictionary methodology. The second part of the article shows the application of this approach to studying specific interdisciplinary knowledge transfer based on the examples of a number of relevant and developing interdisciplinary areas. Three examples were specifically examined: the transfer of knowledge between evolutionary biology and evolutionary computation; between evolutionary biology and evolutionary political science and biological science and semiotics.

The author's project is presented — distance learning course on the Moodle platform
on German as a foreign language in higher educational institution (University Duisburg-
Essen, Germany), the aspect of "written communication." The research urgency is caused
by the fact that the growth of academic mobility in higher education causes the need
to intensify the teaching of foreign languages, at the same time, the development of modern
communications technology expands the possibilities of knowledge transfer and
competence forming. The experience of the e-learning course is described, approaches
to learning and their refraction in the structure of the course are presented: competence,
communicative activity, intercultural. A thematic plan of the course, including the types
of written texts, provided by "the common European framework of reference for languages"
is provided. Special attention is paid to the organization of the thematic units of the
course in accordance with the concept of "backward planning." Criteria for intermediate
and final assessment are identified. Practical significance is determined by the fact that
standards of provision of learning material can be used to create distance and blended
courses on other aspects of teaching foreign languages in higher professional education
of the Russian Federation.

Computer and IT ; The usage of ranking techniques to create league tables for universities is a current trend topic. The increase in the number of interconnected elements of the system (students, teachers, potential employers, grant funds) leads to an extreme diversity of potential patterns of communication. Informational globalization allows promoting a world-wide comparison of higher educational organizations as knowledge-transfer "hubs". League tables have many advantages. First, they allow governments in particular and society in general, to get more or less 'politically' independent and scientifically verified data on how effective the public spending is, in the sphere of higher education and how competitive is certain organization in world's education market. Second and even more important for the educational organizations, is that league tables can stimulate universities to empower some 'public' activities: knowledge sharing through scientific and educational webs (publications, conferences, creation of specialized web libraries, etc.), stimulation of student mobility, expansion of research programs. There are a lot of critics to currently existing ranking systems. They argue that the list of control parameters that is used in them is not sufficient to allow the system be assessed as 'perfect' even for certain geographical regions, not to mention the whole world. Rather than trying to figure out if the ranking for certain university is perfect, let us to consider how that rank influences on the education area as a whole from the sustainable development perspective. The following two questions illustrate the problem: "is it better the education area to have the one extremely strong university and a few weak ones or to have a several average instead", "do the ranking coefficients need to be changed dynamically as a function of the current state of education market, or should they remain solid regardless of education state". We investigate how some mathematics and computer science models can help to resolve the aforementioned questions.

The subject of the study are the norms of penitentiary law governing the recognition of the convict as a repeat infringer of the established service order and the legal consequences of this legal fact. The paper discusses the implementation of the problematic aspects of the legal consequences of recognizing the convict as a repeat infringer of the established service order in the form of the transferring the convict into stricter conditions of service. The author also reveals the correlation of such penalties as placement in a punishment cell, transfer to a cell-type room, separate cell, single cell-type room and the transfer of the convict into strict conditions of serving the punishment. In addition to legal consequences, on the basis of legal practice, the author considers the following consequences: non-use of parole, non-use of amnesty, the ban to perform prison work without supervision etc. The methodology of the research bases on the general scientific (dialectical) method of knowledge and the formal-logical, systematic, comparative legal and other methods of scientific knowledge. Scientific novelty of the work is presented by the fact that the author identifies some problems of implementation of the legal consequences of transferring the convict recognized as a repeat infringer of the established service order to more stringent conditions in the practice of correctional institutions, and suggests ways of solving them at the legislative and enforcement levels. ; Предметом исследования являются нормы уголовно-исполнительного права, регламентирующие порядок признания осужденного злостным нарушителем установленного порядка отбывания наказания и содержащие правовые последствия данного юридического факта. В статье рассматриваются проблемные моменты реализации правового последствия признания осужденного злостным нарушителем установленного порядка отбывания наказания в виде перевода осужденного в более строгие условия отбывания наказания. Также автор выявляет соотношение мер взыскания в виде водворения в штрафной изолятор, перевода в помещение камерного типа, одиночную камеру, единое помещение камерного типа и перевода осужденного в строгие условия отбывания наказания. В качестве методологической основы исследования выступает общенаучный (диалектический) метод познания, а также применялись формально-логический, системный, сравнительно-правовой и другие методы научного познания. Научная новизна представленной работы определяется тем, что автор выявляет некоторые проблемы реализации правового последствия признания осужденного злостным нарушителем установленного порядка отбывания наказания в виде перевода в более строгие условия в практической деятельности исправительного учреждения и предлагает пути их решения на законодательном и правоприменительном уровне.

It is shown that the vast majority of foreign researchers consider university structures to be an important and economically sustainable mechanism for the transfer of new industrial technologies, that these structures accelerate the economic development of territories by creating new knowledge-intensive (high-tech) jobs, and increase tax revenues to local budgets. Thanks to government funding and public support, university research structures demonstrate higher survival rates compared to firms affiliated to corporate organizations. The structures affiliated to universities are very active in using state aid programs, remain residents of business incubators for longer, and are beneficiaries of funds supporting research and development. Private venture funds are more likely to finance them. University-affiliated structures are more innovative than firms associated with corporate organizations. These structures have a greater number of patented inventions, demonstrate a higher survival rate and a higher liquidity rating, but have lower profitability. University-related structures are innovative firms and can commercialize both specific inventions and more implicit knowledge obtained as a result of scientific research. It is noted that the biggest challenge for such a firm is the transformation of technological assets into marketable offers. ; Показано, что большинство зарубежных исследователей считают университетские структуры важным и экономически устойчивым механизмом передачи новых технологий промышленности, эти структуры ускоряют экономическое развитие территорий путем создания новых наукоемких рабочих мест, и увеличивают налоговые поступления в местные бюджеты. Благодаря государственному финансированию и общественной поддержке, университетские исследовательские структуры демонстрируют более высокую выживаемость по сравнению с фирмами, аффилированными корпоративным организациям. Аффилированные университетам структуры очень активно используют государственные программы помощи, дольше остаются обитателями бизнес – инкубаторов и являются бенефициарами фондов, поддерживающих научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские разработки, их охотно финансируют частные венчурные фонды. Они являются более инновативными, чем фирмы, связанные с корпоративными организациями, имеют большее количество защищенных патентами изобретений, демонстрируют более высокий уровень выживаемости и более высокую оценку ликвидности, однако имеют более низкую рентабельность. Связанные с университетами инновационные фирмы могут коммерциализировать как конкретные изобретения, так и более неявное знание, полученное в результате научных исследований. Отмечено, что самой большой сложностью для таких фирм является преобразование технологических активов в рыночные предложения.

Abstract. On the threshold of the 85th anniversary of Kazan Aviation Institute (today KNRTUBKAI) the goals and tasks of research activity conducted at the university are analyzed. It is noted that the specific character of scientific and educational process is distinguished by a combination of basic and applied scientific research with experimental-design developments, created in close ties with the industry. The aim of establishing an Institute in 1932 was to provide the aircraft industry with the skilled engineers. Today a priority of KNRTU-KAI scientific development is professional and technological support for high-tech mechanical engineering. To implement the given strategy the university has created engineering centers equipped by high-tech facilities up to the latest world standards as well as enterprise-based departments. The university is actively involved in implementing federal special-purpose programs, grant programs of the RF government, the RF Ministry for Education and Science and others. ; Аннотация. В рамках подготовки к 85-летнему юбилею Казанского авиационного института (ныне КНИТУ-КАИ) анализируются цели и задачи научной деятельности вуза. Отмечается, что спецификой научного и образовательного процесса является сочетание фундаментальных и прикладных научных исследований с опытно-конструкторскими разработками, создаваемыми в тесной связи с производством. Целью образования института в 1932 году было обеспечение инженерными кадрами авиационной промышленности. Сегодня приоритетом научного развития КНИТУ-КАИ является кадровое и технологическое сопровождение наукоемкого машиностроения. В рамках реализации данной стратегии в университете созданы инжиниринговые центры, в которых аккумулировано высокотехнологичное оборудование мирового уровня, базовые кафедры от предприятий, активно ведется работа по федеральным целевым программам, программам грантовой поддержки Правительства РФ, Министерства образования и науки РФ и др.

Research is one of the fundamental bases of university teaching. The contemporary university operates as a learning, scientific and practical complex which connects and harmonizes learning (knowledge transfer), scientific (systematization and generation of new knowledge) and practical (knowledge application) functions. The task of the teacher is to encourage the student to discover new heights in their profession, to teach them to construct research optimally and organizationally correctly and thereby not only to prepare a specialist needed by the country and the society, but also to educate a harmonious personality.Research in the broad sense is a system of measures which familiarizes a person with creative activities, contributes to professional skills development and forms a high level of intellectual, emotional, and social environment. Specific forms of research can be divided into two unequal blocks. The first is research work integrated in the learning process (workshop, report, abstract, etc.). The second is extracurricular activities (competitions, contests, work in student clubs, etc.). In the narrow sense, research process is an activity designed to build and prove hypotheses, as well as to form new approaches and concepts.The fundamental difference between scientific research and all other types and forms of research activity as seen by the author is its ability, and even duty, to penetrate deeper than superficial understanding of phenomena, which is not possible without the infatuation for the object of analysis, without imagination. So the answer to the question "What should any research work and scientific research in particular start with?" is obvious. It should start with interest, passion, desire to learn the unknown, to penetrate into hidden, deep and even secret causes of social phenomena. Only a passionate teacher is able to reveal and develop this interest in a student.The article provides methodological guidelines for the organization of the research work of the students of political science faculties. Emphasis is made on the disclosure of problem zones (hypothesis formulation, disclosure of the object and subject, concepts selection and so on) in writing a research paper, whether it is a term, graduation or master's paper. ; Исследовательская работа является одной из фундаментальных основ вузовского преподавания. Современный университет действует как учебно-научно-практический комплекс, соединяя и гармонизируя учебную (передача знаний), научную (систематизация и выработка новых знаний) и практическую (применение знаний) функции. Подвигнуть студента к открытию новых вершин в своей профессии, научить его оптимально и организационно верно выстраивать исследовательскую работу и тем самым не только подготовить нужного стране и обществу специалиста, но и воспитать гармоничную личность — задача преподавателя.Исследовательская работа в широком смысле есть система мероприятий, приобщающая к творческой деятельности, способствующая развитию профессиональных навыков и формирующая высокий уровень интеллектуальной, эмоциональной и социальной среды. Конкретные формы исследовательской работы можно разделить на два неравных блока. Первый — исследовательская работа, встроенная в учебный процесс (семинар, доклад, реферат и т. д.). Второй — внеучебная активность (олимпиады, конкурсы, работа в студенческих клубах и т. д.). В узком понимании исследовательский процесс — деятельность, предполагающая построение и доказательство гипотез, формирование новых подходов и концепций.Принципиальным отличием научного исследования от всех иных видов и форм исследовательской деятельности видится его способность и даже обязанность проникать глубже поверхностного понимания явлений, что невозможно без увлеченности предметом анализа, без воображения. Поэтому ответ на вопрос «С чего должна начинаться любая исследовательская работа, и научное исследование в частности?» — очевиден. Она должна начинаться с интереса, с увлеченности, с желания узнать неизведанное, проникнуть в скрытые, глубинные и даже тайные причины общественных явлений. Выявить и развить этот интерес у студента способен только увлеченный педагог.Статья содержит методические рекомендации по организации научно-исследовательской работы студентов-политологов. Акцент сделан на раскрытии проблемных зон (формулировка гипотезы, выявление объекта, предмета, выбор понятий и др.) написания научного исследования, будь то курсовая, диплом или магистерская работа.

Образование в интересах устойчивого развития ; Высшее образование в XXI в. стремиться обеспечить общество информацией и знаниями для адаптации к новым и разнообразным условиям в профессиональной и социальной сферах, а также создать условия необходимые для развития способности к самоорганизации в решении проблем международного масштаба. «Научные лавки» содействуют приобретению знаний и развитию основных компетенций, таких как умение критически и системно мыслить, принимать коллективные решения и брать на себя ответственность. Они позволяют всем заинтересованным участвовать в решении социально-экологических, политических проблем путем тесной кооперации, обмена опытом, трансфера знаний. ; Higher education in the 21 st century seeks to provide the society with information and knowledge to adapt to the new and diverse conditions in the professional and social spheres, as well as create the conditions for the development of the ability to self-organization in solving problems of an international scale. «Science stores» contribute to the acquisition of knowledge and the development of core competencies, such as the ability to think critically and systematically, to make collective decisions and to take responsibility. They allow all interested to participate in solving social, environmental, political problems through close cooperation, exchange of experience, transfer of knowledge.

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of an integrated approach to the development and implementation of measures aimed at improving the eficiency of the intellectual capital of Russia. The article proves the thesis about the lack of eficiency of functioning of the national economy, including the sector of high-tech industry – the creator and main «consumer» of intellectual capital, which determines the need to ind measures to stimulate the growth of eficiency of this important productive force of the economy in an era of high technology. The article also presents the idea that the measures aimed at improving the eficiency of intellectual capital use should be comprehensive in nature, affecting the major factors of the process of its use. The proposed measures need to be enforced and implemented taking into account the current macroeconomic situation in the country, to maximize the beneits from their introduction. The paper proposes a set of measures to promote the use of intellectual capital through the development of the institution of private investment and increase the availability of loan funds for high-tech enterprises; restructuring of tax incentives for companies that actively use the intellectual capital; the development of public-private partnerships; improvement of legislation in the sphere of creation and circulation of intellectual property; provision of uniform and balanced development of the national innovation system to improve the eficiency of the transfer of knowledge and technology. In this context, the actual problem of the restructuring of the Russian scientiic and technical sphere and its core – the scientiic organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, aimed to improve the transfer of scientiic knowledge and achievements in the manufacturing sector is also considered.

The existing interest of researchers in clusters is based on the interdependence between clusters development on the one hand and the acceleration of innovation activity and growing competitiveness on the other. As systems of regional economic activity and innovations, clusters are developing due to the advantage of proximity, shared markets of specialized labor force, knowledge creation and transfer, network of supportive services together with a complex framework of social interaction, producing as a result a profound synergetic effect. The article examines the peculiarities of emergence and development of innovative clusters in advanced economies as well as specific features underlying their competitiveness. Such analysis seems to be of great importance taking into consideration the development of Russian clusters' innovative component.

The subject. The authors create an instrumental apparatus that saturates existing and emerging data needs in the theory constituting process and thus create preconditions for police practice development.The methodology. The research is based on the content analyses of final research reports, the object of which is police proceedings and the subject is police reality,The purpose. The authors substantiate the following hypothesis. The source of the development of knowledge in police practice and the development of police theory is a permanent solution to the philosophical contradiction between police theory and police practice, with police practice being the defining aspect of this contradictory unity. The need and areas of scientific knowledge of activities in the police proceedings structure are therefore determined by police practice.The main results. By verifying police practice, the authors confirm the necessary obligatory interaction between theory and practice, which is predominantly determined by the achieved research outputs and their acceptance. At the same time, they respect that systematically processed knowledge from applied research can show the character of a theory. In accordance with their knowledge, consisting of a system of knowledge presented by the achieved outputs from scientific research, evaluation and explanation of phenomena registered in the purposeful implementation of activities in the structure of police proceedings (research object). The term police action can be understood as a synthetic term for a holistic grasp of the police activity and its bodies. The activity of police and security authorities means: a special form of professional service for the state, self-governing as well as commercial organizations and, last but not least, citizens. It contains a set of executive, organizational, management and other activities that have the character of official interventions, official acts, other official activities and other measures. They are carried out in accordance with the rule of law and ethical principles of civil democratic society, preventive and, where necessary, repressive methods of police work. Their aim is to protect the fundamental human rights of citizens and society from crime and other anti-social activities. They define the identity of these phenomena through the subject (optics) of research, systematically defining the police reality by the process parameters, their determinants and constructs of specific police activities. In the Slovak Republic, the authors of this paper participate in the performance of tasks related to the constitution of police sciences. The outputs of applied research offer a system of scientific knowledge about police reality. With the dialectical approach, in relation to the examined activities in the structure of police proceedings, they define the reasons related to the assumption of the existence of links among the elements of police reality, or they reveal their objective absence. By identifying systems, the authors create a model of these purposefully implemented activities with properties characterizing their behaviour. At the same time, they respect that the strategic form of the parameters of this model is expressed by the achieved set intentions and goals of certain specific activities. Determining them is a concentrated expression of this will. The basic context in their work (participation in the process of constituting police sciences), determining the meaning and mission, is a specific subject accepted by them. This is the police reality, an objective fact that the theory of police sciences examines and uses to explain existing and emerging objects. Therefore, their activity in the process of constituting police sciences corresponds to changes in social processes. When creating their instruments (conceptual system, categories, theoretical models, forms of thinking), they combine it with the explanation of new approaches related to the development and advancement of policing processes, characterized by openness and possibilities of social control in their purposeful implementation. This confirms that this process forms a system. Its design shows relative stability and closeness. They do not include any inputs in its content, just those that are foreseen and anticipated. In this context, they realize that the interdisciplinary of concepts enriches the view of constituted police science. For the police sciences , the abstractness and generality of statements from other scientific disciplines is not a starting point, but already the result of research into specific systems (disposition of knowledge), significantly contributing to increase effectiveness of their scientific work. In the conditions of the Slovak Republic, the police sciences are constituted as practical, social and security sciences. Therefore, the authors of this paper accept that the theoretical and methodological development of police sciences requires them to be confronted and independently dealt with the current state in the theory and methodology of science in the early 21st century, to be sensitive to the current development of the overall scientific atmosphere and independently and critically. In this process, the meaningfulness of their scientific work is evident. This corresponds to the registered needs for the transfer of scientific knowledge into police practice.Conclusions. From these findings it is clear that in the current stage of development of the Slovak Republic, the process of constituting police sciences forms a structured system with to the point management. Its successful completion is also determined by the results of a constructive discussion, the authors participated in with this presented knowledge. ; Рассмотрены полицейские науки, которые согласно словацкой доктрине изучают полицейскую деятельность и подразделяются на практические, социальные и науки о безопасности. Отмечено, что деятельность полиции и органов безопасности означает особую форму профессиональной службы в интересах государства, органов местного самоуправления, а также коммерческих организаций и, что не менее важно, граждан. Такая деятельность включает комплекс принудительных, организационных, управленческих и других актов, выраженных в форме официальных действий, решений, мероприятий и других мер. Они должны осуществляться в соответствии с верховенством закона и этическими принципами гражданского демократического общества, посредством превентивных и, при необходимости, репрессивных методов работы полиции.

The article analyzes the characteristics of the implementation of the State program of innovation development of the Republic of Belarus at the regional level, in particular, how the innovative strategies infl uence on the content of the Brest region modern newspapers. Regional print media, with its unique information capacity in this context, are treated as a method of diffusion of innovation knowledge to the society. It is assumed that Mass Media can become an active subject of innovation infrastructure, actively involved in the innovation process of the government. The author assesses the preconditions for the establishment of information centres in regional technology transfer centres and referes to the need for regular transfer of information from the innovation infrastructure to the Mass Media and the public. It is pointed out that increasing of the per cent of innovative communications in regional Mass Media will foster a new type of innovation-oriented consciousness among citizens. = Анализируются особенности реализации Государственной программы инновационного развития Республики Беларусь на региональном уровне, в частности инновационный характер содержания газет Брестского региона. Региональные печатные СМИ, обладая уникальным информационным потенциалом, рассматриваются как возможность внедрения инновационных знаний в социум. На примере печатных региональных СМИ Брестчины предполагается, что они могут стать активным субъектом инновационной инфраструктуры, активно вовлеченным в инновационную деятельность государства. Оцениваются предпосылки создания информационных центров при региональных центрах трансфера технологий и отмечается необходимость регулярного трансфера информации из инновационной инфраструктуры в СМИ, а через них в общественность. Увеличение доли инновационных сообщений в региональных СМИ будет способствовать формированию нового, ориентированного на инновации типа сознания граждан.

The article represents an analysis of both legal and cultural institutions for preserving cultural memory in modern China. The author notes the role of UNESCO and the Chinese government in joint efforts to preserve cultural monuments and promote sustainable development, one of the factors of which is the transfer of knowledge, traditions, moral norms and principles to future generations. Special attention is paid to the Donglin temple, which is a symbol of Chinese Buddhism and a true monument of Chinese culture, as well as to state's efforts to preserve cultural and religious memory in modern China. ; Настоящая статья представляет собой анализ институтов сохранения культурной памяти в современном Китае. Автором отмечена роль ЮНЕСКО и Китайского правительства в совместных усилиях сохранения памятников культуры и способствованию устойчивому развитию, одним из факторов которого является передача знаний, традиций, моральных норм и устоев будущим поколениям. Особое место в статье уделено храму Дунлинь, который является символом китайского буддизма и поистине настоящим памятником китайской культуры, а также усилиям государства по сохранению культурной и религиозной памяти в современном Китае.

Remigration is the return of a country's citizens from emigration. Remigrants carry with them ideas, knowledge, values, and skills. Although the work sphere is where these social remittances can be used most efficiently, the social remittance literature pays very little attention to employee experience. The primary aim of this article is to explore the types of social remittances, the ways they are transmitted, and how they are used in the work sphere. Employment has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as many workplaces are closing amid quarantine restrictions and social distancing requirements. Another aim of this contribution is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the transfer of social remittances to the work sphere. The article presents findings from 15 interviews with highly qualified remigrants and five interviews with their Lithuanian co-workers. The interviews were conducted in May-July 2020 within the project 'Social remittances of (re) migrants for society welfare growth: challenges and experiences in a comparative perspective', financed by the Research Council of Lithuania.

Technological entrepreneurship is a locomotive for the development of the economy of any government and the world economy as a whole, which has survived the turmoil from the economic crises and latest events concerning coronavirus. Despite the importance of this type of entrepreneurship, a single approach towards understanding its content has not yet been developed. In this connection, the research aimed at systematizing the existing knowledge and its development through the formation of certain interpretations has become relevant. And this has become the goal of this work.The content analysis and systematization of the existing definitions of the technological entrepreneurship category has been conducted. As a result, it has been found that understanding of the essence of this economic phenomenon today is extremely multifaceted: from the transformation of fundamental knowledge to the investment into innovation and science. At the same time, all definitions are based, as a rule, on 5 key approaches: process, financial, macroeconomic, competence and functional approaches. The limitations of the existing definitions have also been highlighted, and an original interpretation, aimed at eliminating those, has been proposed. Another result of the work has become the set of basic necessary competencies of a technology entrepreneur, defined by the authors, among which the key skills are the skills of a manager, lawyer, financier, merchant, patent attorney, and technology transfer specialist. At the end of the study, the factors leading to the opening of technology startups and the classification features of technology entrepreneurship have been identified. The research results are both of theoretical (associated with the growth of knowledge in this area) and practical (allowing entrepreneurs to better understand the process of managing this type of innovation) importance. ; Технологическое предпринимательство является локомотивом развития экономики любого государства и мировой экономики в целом, пережившей потрясения от ...