[ES] The III National R & D Plan for the period 1996-99 — approved by the Government in July 1995 — includes a National Water Resources Programme, which aims to increase knowledge of resources and demands. The scientific and technical objectives of the programme have been grouped under the following strands: water resource management, water quality, water related environmental problems, applications of new technologies, surface and groundwater hydrology, and agrohydrology. The main recipients of the results of the programme will be the Directorate-General for Hydraulic Works, responsible for the National Hydrological Plan, the Directorate-General for Water Quality, which manages the National Plan for Waste Water Sanitation and Depuration, and the Directorate-General for Rural Planning and Natural Environment, which is currently drawing up the National Irrigation Plan, and the socio-economic sectors involved in water issues. Other programmes of the National R & D Plan relate to this programme, in particular those for the Environment and Agricultural R & D, which respectively include aspects of pollution, water erosion and measures to protect them. The objectives of this programme are also partly in line with those of the Fourth European Framework Programme, although the latter's objectives are particularly focused on the impact of climate change on water resources, as well as on technologies for forecasting and preventing hydrological risks, with a greater focus on lasinundation than droughts. The instruments to implement the Programme are primarily R & D projects, the results of which inform national water management plans. However, the participation of companies in projects and in the transfer of research results will be enhanced, especially with regard to new technologies and water-related materials and equipment. Martínez Beltrán, J. (1995). The National Water Resources Programme. Water engineering. 2 (3): 69-72. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1995.2683 ; 69 72 2 3 ; [ES] The III National R & ...
La necesidad de aumentar el nivel de instrucción, el nivel cultural en todas sus dimensiones y de mejorar la preparación profesional de base, así como de ofrecer posibilidades de ampliación, reciclaje y reconversión profesional a la población ocupada, parada y potencialmente activa, así como a toda la población adulta que actualmente reside en España, es imperiosa, pero en cambio la demanda que realmente se expresa es baja, si bien sabemos que la "demanda potencial", es impresionantemente elevada: la población de nuestro país no es consciente de sus derechos educativos, y además vive en un universo donde el consumo está valorado positivamente, pero la cultura, la creación o el consumo cultural gozan del mayor olvido, como si la industrialización, el crecimiento económico y el afianzamiento de la democracia no tuvieran nada que ver con el nivel educativo de la población. En este artículo se contemplan buena parte de las iniciativas y experiencias que se desarrollan actualmente en el ámbito de la formación permanente de adultos; se incluyen experiencias escolares y extraescolares, formales y no formales, de modo que se inventaría tanto lo que cabe dentro del sistema educativo, como lo que administrativamente es competencia de otras instancias, y todo aquello que algunos autores han venido a designar con el controvertido nombre de "animación cultural". La exposición contenida en el texto del artículo es una primera descripción, puesto que del conocimiento de la realidad, y de su análisis en función de unos u otros presupuestos teóricos, se podrá avanzar en el ámbito de lo teórico, y también en el de las prácticas concretas. En el Último apartado se describen muy someramente las iniciativas de dos Órganos vinculados a la Generalitat de Catalunya y que están haciendo notables esfuerzos para contribuir a una renovación pedagógica o mejora cualitativa de la formación permanente de adultos en Catalunya, puesto que la Generalitat, desde el 31 de Diciembre de 1979, tiene competencia plena en educación de adultos -mientras que el Gobierno Central conserva la competencia exclusiva-; lo reciente de los traspasos de competencias de la Administración Central a la Administración Autonómica hace que sea aún demasiado pronto para evaluar los resultados de la tarea realizada. ; The need to raise the level of instruction, the cultural level in all its dimensions and to improve the training, as well as offer possibilities of amplified recyclage and professional reconversion of the employed population, the unemployed and the active potential, and also the whole adult population actually residing in Spain, is imperious, but on the contrary, the demand which is really expressed is low, although we know that the "potential deman", is impressingly high: the population of our country is not conscious of its educational rights and moreover, live in a universe where consumption is valued positively, but culture, creation or cultural consumption is much forgotten, as if industrialization, economic growth and democratic guarantee do not have relation to do with the educational level of the population. A good part of this article is dedicated to the initiatives and experiences which are presently being developped in the field of permanent adult education; it includes school and out-of-school experiences, formal and non formal, the manner that an inventary would be made of that which pertains to the educational system as well as that which administratively pertains to the competence of the Ministries and Cultural Departments, or in other words, all those which some authors designate with the controversial name of "cultural animation",. The exposition contained in the text of the article is a first description, since of the knowledge of the reality and of its analysis in function of one or the other theoretical presupposition, we could advance in the field of theoretics and also in that of concrete practices. The initiatives of two organizations related with the "Generalitat de Catalunya" (autonomous government of the Catalonian region) is superficially described in the last section and great efforts are being made to contribute to an educational renewal or qualitative improvement of permanent education of adults in Catalonia, since the Generalitat beginning December 31st 1979, has full competence in adult education -while the Central Government preserve the exclusive competence-; due to the recent transfer of competences by the Central Government to the Autonomous Administration, it is too soon yet to evaluate the results of the job accomplished.
