Suchergebnisse

Küreselleşme öncesinde yeterince önemsenmeyen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, kalkınmaya katkısının daha iyi anlaşılmasıyla hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler tarafından rağbet görmeye başlamıştır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler çoğu zaman üretmekte yetersiz kaldıkları teknolojiyi ithal etmiştir. Teknoloji transferi, patent ve lisans anlaşmalarıyla yapıldığında pahalı ama doğrudan yabancı yatırım yoluyla gerçekleştiğinde az maliyetli olmaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ile bir ülkeden yatırım ülkeye sermaye aktarımıyla birlikte işletmecilik bilgisi, teknoloji de gelmektedir. Bu gelen teknolojinin gelişmiş ülkelerin teknolojik gelişmesine katkı sağlayabilmesi için devletlerin aktif rol üstlenmesi önemlidir. Güney Kore, Singapur ve Tayvan gibi ülkeler devlet kontrolünde teknolojik gelişmeyi gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Türkiye, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar konusunda uyguladığı politikalarla hala istediği teknolojik gelişme düzeyini yakalamamıştır. Polonya ise Türkiye ile başlangıçta aynı şartlara sahip olmasına rağmen uyguladığı yatırım politikalarıyla teknolojik gelişmeyi arttırabilmiştir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ile teknolojik gelişmenin sağlanmasında otomotiv sektörünün önemi büyüktür. Bu bağlamda Türkiye ve Polonya otomotiv sektörüne yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada önce doğrudan yatırımların tarihi gelişimi ve farklı ülkelerin teknolojik gelişme süreçleri ele alınacak, ardından Türkiye'nin teknolojik gelişme süreci değerlendirilecektir. Son bölümde ise, devletin teknolojik gelişmeyi artırmak için doğrudan yabancı yatırım konusunda nasıl bir rol üstlenmesinin uygun olduğu sorusuna, Türkiye ve Polonya'nın otomotiv sektörleri özelinde cevap aranacaktır. --- ABSTRACT Foreign direct investments, which were not taken care of before globalization, became a focus of interest by all countries with a better understanding of their contribution to development. Developing countries have often imported the technology they have been unable to produce. Technology transfer is costly when it is made through patent and license agreements, but it is less costly when it is realized through direct foreign investment. Investment in a country from a country through foreign direct investments, business knowledge and technology, as well as the transfer of capital to the country. It is important for states to take an active role in this technology to contribute to the technological development of the developed countries. Countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan have achieved technological development under state control. Turkey has still wants to capture the level of technological development policies implemented in foreign direct investment. In Poland, although initially have the same conditions with Turkey could increase its investment policy implemented by technological developments. The importance of the automotive sector is crucial for the development of direct foreign investments and technological development. In this context, Turkey and Poland are concentrated in the automotive sector. In this study which will be discussed briefly before technological development process of historical development and different countries in foreign direct investments inflows, followed by Turkey will be evaluated technological development process. In the last chapter, to improve the state of technological development directly to the question of how it is appropriate to assume a role in foreign investment in private of the automotive sector in Turkey and Poland will seek to answer.

TEZ5833 ; Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2006. ; Kaynakça (s. 118-127) var. ; xvi, 128 s. ; 29 cm. ; Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin seçilen AB ülkeleri karşısında rekabet gücü ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. ilk bölümde küreselleşme kavramı ele alınarak, küreselleşmenin etkileri incelenmiş, ikinci bölümde küresel rekabet ve küresel rekabet gücüne teorik yaklaşımlar ele alınmış, üçüncü bölümde geleneksel rekabet ve rekabet gücünü belirleyen faktörler ele alınmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde seçilen AB ülkeleri ile Türkiye'nin rekabet gücü ölçülmüş ve Türkiye'nin, rekabet gücünün arttırılması için çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Küreselleşen dünyada ülkeler birbirleriyle rekabet halinde olmakta, artan rekabete karşı tek başlarına hareketten daha çok, bölgesel birliklere üye olmayı tercih etmektedirler. Rekabet gücünün arttırılması için Türkiye'nin AB'ne tam üyeliğinin gerçekleşmesi gerekmektedir bu doğrultuda AB ülkeleri ile rekabet güçleri ölçümü, yetersiz kaldığımız alanların tespiti ve çözümü üyelik sürecinde ekonominin gelişmesini sağlayacaktır. Seçilen AB ülkeleri karşısında Türkiye rekabet gücünde son sırada yer almaktadır. Bu durumda çeşitli sektörlerde yapısal politikalar gerekmektedir. Öncelikle borç yükü azaltılmalı ve bütçe açışı kapatılmalı, cari açışın kapatılması için ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranı artırılmalı, istihdamın artması, teknoloji ve bilgi transferi için doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ülkeye çekilmesi sağlanmalı, yurtiçi yatırımlarla beraber üretim verimlilik artışları sağlanması, vergi reformu yapılarak kayıtdışı ekonominin önlenmesi ve ar-ge, sağlık, eşitim alanlarında yatırımların artırılması gerekmektedir. ; In this research, Turkey's competitive power is aimed to be measured with selected Eurepeon Countries. This study consists of four parts. In the first part, the concept of globalization is discussed and its effects are examined and in the second part global competition as well as theoritical approaches to global competition power are studied. In the third part conventional and the determining the competitive power are discussed. In the fourth part, Turkey's competitive power is measured with the selected Eurepeon Union countries and recommendable solutions are put forward in order to increase its competitive power. In the globalising world, all countries are constantly in state of competing with each other. They would rather be member of regional unions rather than act on their own against the increasing competition. In order to increase the competitive power of Turkey, Turkey's full membership is required. In this way, the measurement of competitive power with Eurepeon Union countries, the determination of the fields that we are insufficient in and their solution with lead to economic development during the process of Eurepeon Union membersip. Compared with the competitive power of selected countries, Turkey takes place for beyond the list at the last level. In this case various structural policies are required in several sectors. First of all, the burden of debts is to be reduced and deficiency in the budget must be eliminated. In addition, in order to put an end to the current account eficiency, the rate of export to meet the rate of employment must be increased and for the transfer of technology and knowledge, direct foreign investment should be made possible in the country. In addition to domestic investments, increase in productivity is to be increased. Through tax reforms, informal economy should be avoided and investments on research and development, edcation, health should be increased.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE INTEREST RATE IN TURKEY AND MEASURES THAT ARE TO BE MET IN ORDER TO DECREASE THE INTEREST RATESNotwithstanding the fact that the Turkish economy has realized certain steps, it can be told that it has not yet gained a sound and healthy structure and that it will be highly dependent on the outer world in the 21st century. Foreign capital is of great importance in terms of the added value it creates, especially for countries making efforts to develop economically. As stated above, due to the high acceleration of data flow speed, the whole world can always obtain the same information at the same time, thus the rational investors can monitor the investment possibilities in all economies. At this point, the interest rates are determinant for investment decisions. Therefore, estimation of changes in interest rates in the most appropriate manner in the future has become one of main targets of economic researches. After presentation of Turkey's economic overview in the introductory section, we can discuss the working method of our thesis. In Part One of our study, after definition of the interest concept and the brief history of its development, relevant theoretical approaches, the principal economic theories, namely the Classical, Neo-Classical, Keynesian Portfolio, and the monetarist economic theories have been dealt with in the subsections in chronological order, and the determination of interest has been discussed under light of such theories. After relevant theoretical approach in Section Two, factors determining the structure of interest rates have been considered in detail.Principally, we have tried to reveal in our thesis, to what extend the freed and raised interest rates as an instrument of an anti-inflationary policy prevent inflation; further, to what extend the credit and stability policies are secured. In doing so, the issue has been dealt with by a theoretical approach and in Section Three of our thesis, we have dealt with The Factors Determining Interest Rates, The Monetary Transfer Mechanisms Required by Monetary Policy Transfer Process with Different Approaches, and the Turkish Practice.After the general assessment of the Interest Policy in developing countries and Turkey in the Turkish Practice relating to our thesis, we have reviewed the development of interest policies implemented since 1980 and 1989 up to today.In Section Five, the interest rate concept is explained in detail and the development of the regulatory and institutional structure for interest rates in Turkey are considered and changes in interest rates in Turkey are revealed. After review of our interest regime, as guided and free interest regime in Section Six, we have tried to analyze the Domestic Savings Rate and Interest Rate, Nominal and Real Interest Rates and the relations between Inflation and Treasury Interest Rates.In Section Eight, the structure, development and determinants of deposits and credits in interest regime periods distinguished as the guided and free interest regimes have been considered. Data for the period discussed in this section relates to the years after 1980 as much as possible. However, data relating to distribution of bank credits by economic sectors, which has been discussed in connection with credits in our thesis, begins from 1870.In the Section of Conclusions, under the light of all theoretical and empirical knowledge, we have tried also to present various proposals after a general arrangement of the Turkish Practice, we have stated our thoughts and prospects, the reason of this is our wish that Turkey has its position in the global world fully, appears as a country that has solved its economic issued in the eve of the European Union and as a universal country holding the capacity of a producing country, not a consumer one. In a globalizing world, as a person passionately fond of Great Turkey, I am in favour of development of strategic policies, not policies despite everything. Because certain processes have been wrongly interpreted by practitioners in Turkey, concession in nature of capitulations have been granted continuously and the present change process has been reached. I would like to quote a sentence of Machiavelli: "Don't think that the light at the end of the tunnel is brightness, it might be the headlamp of the train coming onto you." Up to date, we have followed this logic, like firefly flying to light, we have gone to artificial model lights that have almost prepared our fate and lost time continuously. In spite of everything, we are powerful, dynamic, because we are too young so that we can overcome the difficulties. Now it is the right time to change, for a sparkling Turkey in the new millennium: quality in every respect, justice and honesty in every matter, to bring practitioners on power who monitor the technology, treat in justice, develop policies making all individuals constructive and productive, catch with the information era, specialize and work in departments, target to position Turkey at the top of a new world order, and do not target only to save the day.Change is necessary to bring all such positive sentiments into practice. In depends on total democracy, change of major part of political parties code and constitution, realization of economic and social reforms, challenge to bring our education to the level of really developed countries. The noble blood flowing in our vessels will absolutely bring us to our target.In fact, this introductory part was to be included in the section of Conclusions; however, I wanted to point in advance at the economical difficulties in Turkish economy, so that sound evaluations can be made until reaching the Section of Conclusions. I believe you better understand the concept that, the person who has not thought of the fate in advance, returns to the beginning, at the end of the thesis. I think that we do not have time to return to the starting point.