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During the political liberalization of the reform era (1998 – present), various groups have complained about the evil practices of democratic politics. One of the shooting targets is that we have made the wrong choice, namely adopting a majoritarian or liberal democracy model. In the literature on democracy theory, one of the theories relevant to improving democratic practice is TDD (Theory of Deliberative Democracy). Although still using the principle of representation, TDD, in general, makes corrections or improvements to the procedures and substance of democracy that have been poorly practised in Indonesia today. This research is based on qualitative research using the descriptive-analytical method to provide a clear picture of the object of the problem. The conclusion of this study shows evidence that there is a model of democracy—both in substance and in procedures. They are different from the mechanism of representation initially derived from the theory of representative democracy.

This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing project that analyzes the growing body of scientific research published around the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, a general-purpose semantic model is used to double annotate a batch of 500 sentences that were manually selected by the researchers from the CORD-19 corpus. Afterwards, a baseline text-mining pipeline is designed and evaluated via a large batch of 100,959 sentences. We present a qualitative analysis of the most interesting facts automatically extracted and highlight possible future lines of development. The preliminary results show that general-purpose semantic models are a useful tool for discovering fine-grained knowledge in large corpora of scientific documents. ; This research has been supported by a Carolina Foundation grant in agreement with University of Alicante and University of Havana. Moreover, it has also been partially funded by both aforementioned universities, the Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport) and the Spanish Government through the projects LIVING-LANG (RTI2018-094653-B-C22) and SIIA (PROMETEO/2018/089).

This volume sheds light on the nexus between knowledge and literature. Arranged historically, contributions address both popular and canonical English and US-American writing from the early modern period to the present. They focus on how historically specific texts engage with epistemological questions in relation to material and social forms as well as representation. The authors discuss literature as a culturally embedded form of knowledge production in its own right, which deploys narrative and poetic means of exploration to establish an independent and sometimes dissident archive. The worlds that imaginary texts project are shown to open up alternative perspectives to be reckoned with in the academic articulation and public discussion of issues in economics and the sciences, identity formation and wellbeing, legal rationale and political decision-making. ; Antje Kley: "What Literature Knows: An Introduction" 9 // Kai Merten: "'His ignorance were wise': Gendered Knowledge in Love's Labour's Lost (1594/95)" 27 // Richard Nate: "'The pleasing visions I had formed': Natural Knowledge and Self-Awareness in Jonathan Swift's Satires" 45 // Albert Meier: "Access Denied: English Experiences in Karl Philipp Moritz's Travel Report of 1782" 65 // Marcel Hartwig: "Fothergill's Web: Transnational Quaker Networks and the Pennsylvania Medical Library" 79 // Anthony John Harding: "Wordsworth, The Excursion (1814), and the Crisis of Knowledge" 93 // Justus Conrad Gronau: "Romanticism and Anoetic Knowledge" 113 // Philipp Erchinger: "Curious to Know: John Clare's 'The Nightingale's Nest' (1832)" 135 // Maria Kaspirek: Negotiating Authority: Literary and Medical Confgurations of Knowledge in 19th-Century America" 155 // Cord-Christian Casper: "The Fourth Dimension and Impossible Knowledge in Edwardian Speculative Fiction" 173 // Aleksandra Boss and Martin Klepper: "What Nancy Knew, What Carol Knew: Mass Literature and Knowledge" 193 // Matthias Bauer: "Scientifc Knowledge and the Display Function of Literature: The White Hotel (1981) and Freud's Megalomania (2000)" 215 // Daniel Schäbler: "The Art of Deception: Knowledge Distribution in English Literature" 235 // Ann Spangenberg: "'We are only what we know': Knowledge in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas (2004)" 253 // Jutta Zimmermann: "Eden Robinson's Monkey Beach (2000) as Multi-Narrative: The Dialogic Relation of Indigenous and Western World Views" 275 // André Schwarck: "'Useless, of-beat information!': Knowledge and Successiveness in Brian Friel's Molly Sweeney (1994)" 297 // Anja Pistor-Hatam: "Historiography and the Production of Knowledge: The Mongol Period" 319 // ; https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/65277

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which knowledge management has been adopted by organizations in Indonesia. For this purpose, a study was conducted through a systematic literature review to summarize the use of knowledge management in Indonesia in the last ten years. From the literature found that the level of implementation of knowledge management in Indonesia is still low, although it has experienced a significant increase since 2015. The author also found that attention on knowledge management are still dominated by academics and researchers from government body. Comparisons were made with documents index in Scopus published by authors from Indonesia and other ASEAN countries. The results show that the number of publications by Indonesian researchers is less than half of the publications made by Malaysian researchers. Of the five countries sampled, Indonesia ranks second in number of publications, but ranks 4th when measured by publication productivity per million population. ; Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengelolaan pengetahuan telah diadopsi oleh organisasi di Indonesia. Untuk keperluan ini dilakukan kajian systematic literature review untuk merangkum penggunaan knowledge management di Indonesia dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dari literature didapatkan bahwa tingkat implementasi knowledge management di Indonesia masih rendah, meski telah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sejak tahun 2015. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa perhatian pada knowledge management masih didominasi akademisi dan lembaga penelitian pemerintah. Perbandingan dilakukan terhadap dokumen terindeks Scopus yang dipublikasikan oleh author dari Indonesia dan negara ASEAN lainnya. Hasil perbandingan menemukan bahwa jumlah publikasi dari peneliti Indonesia kurang dari separuh dibanding publikasi yang dilakukan peneliti Malaysia. Dari kelima negara yang disampel, Indonesia masuk peringkat dua dalam jumlah publikasi, dan berada di urutan 4 jika dihitung dari produktivitas publikasi per ...

This version is B-version of the pre-reviewed article appeared in the journal Problems of Literary Genres/ Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 48 (95-96), 2005:1-2. ; In our paper, we present a review of recent developments in literary theory especially in the theory by Martha Nussbaum focusing on a role of compassion in literary studies. Our main thesis is that neo-sentimentalism is visible in three areas of Martha Nussbaum's thought: first, in her views of emotions (she try to persuade readers that this stance is neo-stoicism, but it should be properly called neo-sentimentalism); secondly, in her theory of the literary genres, in which she represents the anti-formalist turn in literary studies; thirdly, in her theory of compassion and love in the reception of literature, in ethics and in social thinking. In order to characterise Martha Nussbaum's literary theory, we try to summarise the motive of empathy occurring in 18th century sentimentalism and in many forms of the later aesthetic sentimentality. We interpret so called ethical criticism (involving, besides Martha Nussbaum, Stanley Cavell, Wayne Booth, Martin Price) as a political movement using, as its rhetorical device, reference to sentimental motives of absolute empathy (G. Lakoff and M. Johnson's concept). We also argue that in the current era we should abandon an ideal of apolitical criticism and theory of literature. Literary scholarship has many ethical and, subsequently, political dimensions and empathy is a basic term in literary studies which associates itself with other sociological and political issues. But recent developments in cognitive science make us to treat empathy as a basic term of understanding human behaviours and language, so the neo-sentimentalism has a solid grounds in science.

Sandra Harding opposes her version of feminist standpoint theory to traditional 'representationalist' or 'copy theories' of truth. Yet her critics maintain that Harding's standpoint theory retains an implicit representational epistemological framework that leaves space for global skepticism and pernicious relativism. Sharyn Clough and Shannon Sullivan argue that it is inconsistent for Harding to claim that (1) feminist standpoints will produce 'less false' theories than traditional androcentric scientific communities, and (2) that all perspectives (including the most socially privileged ones) are 'enabled and limited' by the social position from which they arise. Holding these two claims in tension with each other produces a problematic objectivist-relativist binary that undermines the emancipatory potential of Harding's theory, they claim. It will be argued in this paper that these critical evaluations of Harding's standpoint theory overlook the way in which Harding's 'less false' claim already rests on a firm commitment to situated knowledge rather than a representationalist theory of truth. Reading Harding's standpoint account through Bruno Latour's ontology of knowledge, I argue that the aim of a standpoint is not merely to produce 'alternative' representations alongside dominant ones; rather it is to create spaces of critical tension with dominant uncritically accepted scientific theory and practice. Standpoints provide critical accounts of how dominant forms of knowing have constructed and deployed knowledge spaces, and provide opportunities for reconfiguring those spaces in ways that are more democratic and less oppressive. Thus, such standpoint-based accounts are candidates for producing less false theories not because they represent a 'universal reality' more clearly but because they, unlike modern Western science, emerge from marginal social positions that are less likely to deny the situated and local nature of all knowledge claims.

Munculnya ekonomi pengetahuan sebagai paradigma dalam kebijakan ekonomi dan hadirnya pandangan Jurgen Habermas mengenai kolonisasi sistem atas dunia hidup menyentuh identitas dan misi universitas secara mendasar. Universitas sebagai locus pengembangan pengetahuan demi pembangunan manusia berada di bawah hubungan-hubungan kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik yang cenderung membatasi peran universitas dalam menanggapi persoalan masyarakat. Artikel ini berupaya meninjau realitas itu dengan bantuan telaah literatur yang mempergunakan pendekatan kapabilitas menurut Amartya Sen. Argumen yang diajukan artikel ini adalah bahwa, dalam perspektif pendekatan kapabilitas, universitas sebagai agent of change dan bagian dari kekuatan civil society cenderung menjadi sub sistem dari kekuasaan pasar dan politik sehingga potensi ketercerabutan universitas dari konteks keberadaannya menjadi cenderung besar dan peran pengembangan pengetahuan yang disandangnya terdistorsi. Dibutuhkan jalan alternatif, khususnya dalam pembaruan institusional, untuk membongkar keterbatasan peran kontributif universitas sebagai lembaga pengembangan pengetahuan.Kata kunci: pendekatan kapabilitas, universitas, ekonomi pengetahuan, kolonisasi.

The Applied Knowledge Test (AKT) forms part of the summative assessment for the Membership of the Malta College of Family Doctors (MMCFD). Candidates who are successful in the summative assessment and who have successfully finished the Specialist Training Programme in Family Medicine are awarded the MMCFD and the MRCGP[Int] on the basis of a tripartite agreement in place between the Government of Malta, the Malta College of Family Doctors and the Royal College of General Practitioners. This article looks at the local setup of the AKT. It explains the whole process from item writing, to piloting, blueprinting and standard setting. The article also attempts to explore the theory behind the AKT that underpins it as a reliable, valid, educational, cost-effective and acceptable mode of assessment within Miller's pyramid of clinical competence. ; peer-reviewed

The Victorian Era of writings of works such as Charles Dickens Hard Times used the social and environmental setting by which the characters live in; it is created by a philosophy that adds fuel to sustain the advancement of industrialization. The philosophy mirrors the mechanical characteristics of industrialization and how they are expressed is of great importance to the mechanical perceptions, such as objective utilitarianism. The mechanization that is found in the lives of the characters has an evil presence of depriving them of human dignity by living a mechanical lifestyle. It was the mechanical lifestyle that can be explained through Marxist theory to explain the key characteristics of the Industrial Era and its importance to materialism, as it represented political power. Marxism provides a theory for requiring the working class to concentrate on working in factories in Coketown and the "bourgeois" to separate themselves as competing agents of self-interest. It is a goal of the wealthy social class to maximize utility as a consumer and profit as a producer within the mechanical world.Keywords: Victorian Era; Mechanical Thinking; Marxist Theory

A stable theory that will fit with decision making in E-Government is a major point for establishing the EGovernment platform. This would contribute to lessen the gap generated from ICT system application with users, and reduce the gap between the government and citizens. However, the Egovernment platform is facing many items which obstruct its application. One of these items is the gap between the public sector and the decision making in the e-government. This study will contribute to lessen the gap generated from ICT system applications with users, and reduce the gap between the government and public. This paper focuses on three major steps. The first step is the theories related with the decision making in the E-government, the second step is a stable theory with the decision making in E-government, and the third step is the Social Construction of Technology Theory (SCOT). This research attempts to suggest and discuss the possible solutions to develop the decision making model in the E-government by depending on the SCOT theory. The results of this article are as follows: This study has realised the necessity to develop a suitable model, which could support the current case of a decision making system in the Iraqi e-government, and generally, this study has realised the necessity to support the citizens' participation in the decision making of the e-government.

As knowledge is being accepted as an inseparable imperative strategy of organization, organizations look at knowledge as a power, which drives advantages to them. However, many organizations believe it is not about just the existence of knowledge but the organizational growth is being driven from the act of knowledge sharing. As modern economy, takes knowledge as a point to achieve project success, this competitive advantage is being utilized from the greater degree of inter-organizational utilization of information and data coupled with the harnessing of people's skills and ideas as well as their commitments and motivations. Therefore, it is undeniable that today's knowledge is an essential asset of every single company and it has become more important than land, labor or capital in today's economy. This paper investigates on the importance of knowledge management in generating of project success by analyzing whether or not government companies and agencies in Malaysia practice Knowledge Management. In this regard, a research has been conducted amongst fifteen Malaysian governmental companies and agencies to find how effective project managers in Malaysian government companies, integrate Knowledge Management criteria and key success elements in order to achieve project success and gain success.

Trabajo presentado al 7th Biennial International Conference on University, Industry & Government Linkages celebrado en Glasgow (UK) del 17 al 19 de Junio de 2009. ; In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer processes between academia and industry. Although there is growing evidence that the characteristics of individual researchers are important when explaining cases of successful transfer, few studies have taken the individual researcher as their unit of analysis. This study aims to use social network theory techniques to gain a better insight into knowledge transfer processes. In particular, we study how the characteristics of ties among individuals, and the interdisciplinary and pervasiveness of research affects the diversity of knowledge transfer activities. To this end, we conduct an empirical study among researchers in the field of nanotechnology. This sector is chosen for its interdisciplinarity and its expected pervasiveness. Data was collected using a survey conducted in Spain and in The Netherlands, allowing us to correct for some environmental and context effects. ; This research has been partially supported by a grant from the Spanish National Research Plan (Project ref.: SEJ2005-05923/EDUC) ; Peer reviewed

This presentation is intended to develop ideas from the 8th May 2015 ARNA Town Hall meeting in Toronto to the June 2017 ARNA conference in Cartagena, Colombia. It is focused on emerging understandings of knowledge democracy with convergences among those creating knowledge. We will show how Living Theorists draw on diverse approaches including living-cultures-of-inquiry, participatory frameworks, narrative inquiry, self-study and various forms of action research. Data from epistemologies of the South, East-Asian epistemologies and Western epistemologies, are analysed and used to show the mutual exclusion of different forms of rationality. In contrast to the exclusion expressed as 'epistemicide' by de Sousa Santos (2014) the living-logics of Living Theory research are used to show how different knowledges can be reconciled to contribute to the evolution of knowledge for the flourishing of humanity without denying the rationality of a different perspective. Multi-media narratives with digital visual data from a range of professional and community practices are used to clarify and communicate the meanings of embodied expressions of ontological and relational lifeaffirming values. These values are being used as explanatory principles in the explanations of individuals of their educational influences in their own learning, in the learning of others and in the learning of the social formations that influence practice and understandings.

This paper analyses potential mechanism of regional knowledge transfer in region with poorly developed innovation infrastructure (the Autonomous Territorial Unit Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova) through interactions between regional major players of the Regional Innovation System - the educational and research institutions, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and local authorities. Solution of this problem can be found in modern studies of territories innovation development through the clustering processes. Through the empirical study - innovation potential analysis of local SMEs - we proposed advantage mechanism which focused on the one type of knowledge cluster – Innovation and Educational Cluster. The symbiosis of entrepreneurs, government agencies, educational institutions and business service providers with the regional core - University, allows to increasing exchange flows of innovative knowledge between all members of the cluster and distributing them to the entire region and beyond. The results and proposals of this study formed the basis of the "Program of increasing the innovation potential of Gagauz SMEs".

This volume sheds light on the nexus between knowledge and literature. Arranged historically, contributions address both popular and canonical English and US-American writing from the early modern period to the present. They focus on how historically specific texts engage with epistemological questions in relation to material and social forms as well as representation. The authors discuss literature as a culturally embedded form of knowledge production in its own right, which deploys narrative and poetic means of exploration to establish an independent and sometimes dissident archive. The worlds that imaginary texts project are shown to open up alternative perspectives to be reckoned with in the academic articulation and public discussion of issues in economics and the sciences, identity formation and wellbeing, legal rationale and political decision-making.