Suchergebnisse

Nieuwe technieken maken het opslaan en verwerken van informatie eenvoudiger. Sterker nog: ze maken de weg vrij om gegevens vast te leggen voordat duidelijk is welk inzicht we eigenlijk nastreven. Toezicht wint zo terrein ten opzichte van de kennisverwerving. Voorbeelden van toenemend toezicht zijn elektronische dossiers over burgers, informatievergaring door de politie en in private initiatieven zoals Google Earth. Deze systemen maken het mogelijk om op grote schaal verbanden te ontdekken en afwijkingen op te sporen, zonder dat er duidelijke kennisvragen aan vooraf gaan. De relatie tussen inzi

Urbanity and migration are considered to be two basic components in definitions of modernity. They force us to reflect on how the boundaries between the local and the global are determined and surpassed. Often this results in politically charged discussions about transnationality and national identity, monolingualism and multilingualism, inclusion and exclusion. The contributions to this issue of CLW demonstrate that literature can play a significant role in this debate. The authors highlight the representation of city and migration in a wide variety of novels published in Dutch, English, German, Spanish and French with a particular interest in political commitment.

This essay takes its point of departure in images of the victims of the 2023 Turkish-Syrian earthquake. It examines their rhetoric, comparing them to those of Alan Kurdi, the Syrian toddler who washed ashore on a Turkish beach in 2015, and contrasting with the narrative techniques employed by two contemporary novels. It combines cultural critique with an inquiry into the role of art as an agent of change to imagine new ways of doing citizenship and promoting social change in times of crisis, in line with Rosemarie Buikema's mission to develop new and multilayered scenarios for change and transnational justice.

Objectives: In The Netherlands, school health care policy is decentralized to the municipalities and their Municipal Health Services (MHS) in 1990. Since then, an increasing diversity in school health care policy developed, which is is ill-understood, concerning the development of evidence-based public health. Methods: Case-study design in 4 MHS-regions. Documents and half-structured interviews are used as data sources. The analysis of the data is both qualitative and quantitative. Results: Many actors try to influence the policy process: MHS-internal actors like management and professionals as well as external actors like local health care providers, other municipal services, the municipalities and schools. Evidence is found of the use of scientific knowledge: 'body of knowledge' information as well as evidence from new research, of both local and (inter)national origin, mainly medical, but also social science research. Mainly School Health management and -professionals use scientific knowledge as a resource to influence the policy process. Other actors try to influence the policy process by using other resources like formal power, money or 'initiative'. The use of scientific knowledge is related to a combined (medical) scientific en political frame of reference. Conclusions: Policy formation in local public health takes place in a network of actors with mutual power-dependency-relations, using different resoures to influence the process. 'Evidence based public health' can be promoted by regarding evidence from scientific research as a resource in attempts to influence the policy formation process and the implementation of the outcomes of this process.

Het belang van literatuur voor het recht en de rechtsvinding is op uiteenlopende wijzen geduid. Door het lezen van literatuur leren wij de abstracte en levenloze categorieën, wetten en principes van het juridisch systeem te overstijgen. Dat zou noodzakelijk zijn, uit oogpunt van de rechtvaardigheid.00Lezen cultiveert een ontvankelijkheid voor de concrete, tragische werkelijkheid áchter het geordende systeem van het recht. Voor de ontwikkeling van het besef dat er óók of juist in het recht ruimte moet zijn voor de ander en het andere, lijkt literatuur onmisbaar te zijn.00Inlevingsvermogen, verbeelding en empathie worden essentieel geacht om te ervaren hoe het is om een ander te zijn. Dankzij kunst en literatuur, niet door de geleerdheid van wetenschap en logica alleen, hoeven recht en politiek de ander niet ? ?als bij verstek? ? te veronachtzamen en te veroordelen. Door literatuur en de verbeeldingskracht die we daaraan ontwikkelen, leren wij recht te doen aan een altijd weerbarstige, veranderlijke werkelijkheid van concrete personen en situaties.00Vooral in de huidige tijd, in een wereld ná de metafysica en het natuurrecht, zou een dergelijk door literatuur gevormd oordeelsvermogen een zogenaamde ?literaire gerechtigheid? moeten bevorderen. Vooral in de hedendaagse democratie kan deze vormende rol van literatuur van onmisbare waarde zijn. Deze verbeeldingskracht biedt mogelijk een sterk panacee tegen (het gevaar van) zachte dictatuur en politieke religie.00De bijdragen in deze uitgave bieden kritische reflecties op deze aannames en intuïties omtrent empathie en recht. Het vertrekpunt van deze beschouwingen wordt steeds aan de literatuur zelf ontleend. Langs literaire weg onderzoeken de auteurs (filosofen, rechtsgeleerden en literatuurwetenschappers) het bereik ? de mogelijkheden en beperkingen ? van het ?empathisch supplement?.00Winnaar Meijersprijs 2019 van de Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid in Leiden, voor het beste artikel (redactionele inleiding) van 2017-2018

The literature of the last decade on Marxist or materialist theories of the state is reviewed. It is concluded that a Marxist theory of the state, ie, a theory that explains the conditions & mechanisms of the formation & functioning of the state, does not exist. What is presented as a Marxist theory is actually a structural-functionalist conception of the state, formulated in Marxist terms. This conception is characterized by strong teleological & metaphysical overtones & contains many elements of so-called bourgeois theories of the state. It is demonstrated that this conception is incompatible with a theory in which the processes of formation & functioning of the state are regarded as the results of ongoing political processes & conflicts, arising from relations of dependence & power in & between societies. Modified HA.

It is assumed that it is the purpose of a theory to explain something. An explanation is an answer to a question of the linguistic form 'why 7'; its logical structure is of the following form: L1,....Ln That is, on the basis of a certain set of postuC1 ....Cn lates, or 'laws,' (L1,....Ln), & a set of given, observed 'circumstances' (C1,....Cn), 'E', the conclusion is deduced. Accordingly, the character of an explanation & consequently, of J a theory, is deductive. II - As regards the structure of a theory several elements should be distinguished. (1) The logical mathematical, or probabilistic system in which the theory is formulated. (2) The calculus which may be conceived as the axiomatic nucleus of the theory & which consists of a set of primitive concepts & postulates governing the use of the primitives. On the basis of primitives & postulates new concepts & theorems are deduced. It is to be noted that the content of the primitives (their 'meaning') consists of the way they are used within the relational structure of the calculus; that is they are defined implicitly. (3) An interpretative system of rules connecting the 'abstract' calculus with other structures of knowledge. In this way the calculus can be given cliff interpretations, which constitute models of the initial calculus. In order to explain empirical reality, there should at least be an empirical model of the calculus, that is, the calculus has to be connected with observable reality. In this case the interpretation is given by a set of 'operational definitions' as they are commonly called. It is shown that these definitions can be conceived as 'quickly decidable sentences' by means of which the empirical model can be falsified. III - The role which theory construction plays with regard to the formation of reality is indicated. Making explicit its logical structure & its empirical interpretation, theory formation leads to 'intersubjectively transmissible knowledge.' It results in the construction of a reality which transcends individual & parochial idiosyncracies & which is accessible to everybody. Of the conditions a theory should fulfill, 2 stand out: (a) it should be consistent, & (b) it should be falsifiable. Finally, it is shown that there is some ground to assume theory formation to be possible-even in the soc sci's-difficult though it may be. IPSA.

Systematic Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Systematic Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was introduced in the social sciences by Charles Ragin in 1987. Literature on and applications of QCA show the method as a way to systematically organize, summarize and compare qualitative data to discover and analyze patterns occurring over cases. Although the literature stresses the importance of iterating between theory and data in its procedures, its grounded nature remains relatively underexposed. In this article we illustrate the principles of QCA by means of a qualitative comparative analysis of fourteen Dutch spatial planning projects, thereby also articulating the method's grounded nature.

The central aim in our NWO 'Comprehensible Language' project (2012-2016) was to investigate to what extent Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) intentionally and unintentionally affect political knowledge and political attitudes. In this article, we present an overview of four years of research. First, we investigated reasons for use of VAAs, distinguishing three types of users: checkers (well-informed, enjoying to check the VAA), seekers (looking for political information to base their vote on) and doubters (looking for information but cynical about politics). The proportions of these groups differ for first vs. second order elections. Second, we investigated whether VAAs increase users' political knowledge. We found that users report an increase of internal efficacy due to their VAA use, but we did not find an increase in actual political knowledge. Third, a field experiment showed systematic effects of framing variation on the answers to VAA assertions, which might suggest different underlying knowledge representations. Finally, think aloud research showed that users experience considerable problems with understanding the assertions semantically and pragmatically, as well as with interpreting the results screen. Additionally, we found that users view the result screen as an end point rather than as a starting point for deliberation. We discuss some implications for theory and practice.