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Disgusted with ISIS, some Kurds turned away from Islam following the fall of Mosul in 2014. Many became atheists, while others sought comfort in Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism, according to converts, was the "original" religion of the Kurds before they embraced Islam. In 2015, two Zoroastrian centers opened in Sulaimani, both of which are recognized by the Kurdish Regional Government in northern Iraq. Notably, neither has tried to recreate Zoroastrianism the way it is currently and has been historically practiced in Iran and South Asia. Instead, they have created their own versions of Zoroastrianism, which is nationalist, postmodern, and liberal. Kurdish Zoroastrians argue that the reason Kurds are "backward" is Islam. They seek to rectify the present situation through a Kurdish "authenticated" and "original" form of Zoroastrianism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at these two centers, the present article examines this new religious movement in Sulaimani, an important city in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq. It analyses the rise and distinctiveness of Kurdish Zoroastrianism looking at how Zoroastrian Kurds articulate their views on Islam, women's rights, human rights, and Kurdish independence.

After the start of the uprising against the Assad regime, the Democratic Union Party founded (PYD) in October 2011, the military People's Protection Units (YPG) and the woman defense units (YPJ). They managed to bring large parts of the Kurdish region in northern Syria on the Turkish border under control. There, the Kurds erected a three cantons regional administration with the secular-democratic structures. The PYD is true in Turkey as well as in the West similar to the PKK as a terrorist organization. Although she was ideologically and militarily strongly influenced by the PKK, but denies any official relationship with the PKK. One third of PKK fighters are from Rojava. You determine the political and military structures of the PYD. By the guerilla war against the Turkish army, they have extensive experience. Thus, the IS-militia fighting in Syria de facto not only against the PYD, but also against the PKK. Prevent founded by the PYD cantons in Rojava and the military power of the PKK and PYD that the IS expands to the Turkish border. Therefore, the ISIS-militias go strengthened action against the three cantons in Rojava. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses the history of the Kurdish people and their fight to secure recognition of Kurdistan as a national state, from the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 to the present day. Some focus on activities of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) in Turkey and Iraq.