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Title varies slightly. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for issued by the Bureau of Printing, Division of Documents, by the Dept. of Finance, Printing Division, Documents Section; by the Dept. of General Services, Documents Section. ; Vols. for prepared by the California Code Commission, by the Legislative Counsel.

Title varies slightly. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for 1937-39 prepared by the California Code Commission; vols. for by the Office of Legislative Counsel.

This paper deals with arguments defending the purpose of the existence of the provision of Section 318 of Act No. 262/2006 Coll., Labor Code. Both the arguments of legal scholarship and arguments expressed in the explanatory memorandum to the Acts in question are analyzed. This text further presents arguments in favor of repealing this provision which prohibits the performance of dependent work between spouses (registered partners). We base our arguments on international and European Union1 legal sources, in particular on anti‑discrimination legislation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of marital status. In the context of Czech law, the relationship between the provision of Section 318 of the Labor Code and constitutional standards and other statutory norms is described and analyzed. A specific regulation contained in Act No. 234/2014 Coll., Civil Service Act is also presented and considered. The authors point out the absence of similar legislation in legal orders of other Member States of the European Union. In conclusion, the authors express and defend their legal opinion on the obsolescence of the discussed provision of the Labor Code and present suggestions de lege ferenda. ; Tereza Antlová - Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic ; Michal Blažek - Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic ; Tereza Antlová – studied at the Faculty of Law, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. She currently studies in the Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law there as a PhD student, and works as a trainee lawyer. On a scholarly level, she focuses mainly on the topic of dependent work. ; Tereza Antlová – absolwentka Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu Masaryka, obecnie doktorantka w Katedrze Prawa Pracy i Prawa Ubezpieczeń Społecznych na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu Masaryka oraz aplikantka prawnicza zainteresowania naukowe skupiają się głównie wokół problematyki pracy zależnej. ; Michal Blažek – studied at the Faculty of Law, Masaryk University. He currently studies in the Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law there as a PhD student, and also teaches subjects related to labor law. He works as a judge's associate at the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. ; Michal Blažek – absolwent Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu Masaryka, obecnie doktorant w Katedrze Prawa Pracy i Prawa Ubezpieczeń Społecznych Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu Masaryka; asystent sędziego w Sądzie Najwyższym Republiki Czeskiej. ; Tereza Antlová: tereza.antlova@law.muni.cz ; Michal Blažek: michal.blazek@law.muni.cz ; 71 ; 79 ; 2 ; Eichlerová S., K zákazu zaměstnávání mezi manžely (a též mezi registrovanými partnery), Právní rozhledy 2008, no. 12, https://www.beck-online.cz/bo/chapterviewdocument.seam?documentId=nrptembrhbpxa4s7gezf6427gqztg&groupIndex=0&rowIndex=0. ; Fetter R.W., Zaměstnávání osob blízkých (a zákaz vzájemného zaměstnávání manželů) 2018, https://www.epravo.cz/top/clanky/zamestnavani-osob-blizkych-a-zakaz-vzajemneho-zamestnavani-manzelu-106907.html. ; Jouza L., Manželé na jednom pracovišti, 2019, http://www.bulletin-advokacie.cz/manzele-na-jednom-pracovisti?browser=mobi. ; Kottnauer A. et al, Zákoník práce – Komentář s judikaturou. Podle stavu k 1. lednu 2012, včetně novely účinné k 1. dubnu 2012. Prague 2012. ; Macková Z., Závislá práca, jej znaky a poistné vztahy, in: Pracovní právo 2012: Závislá práce a její podoby, Brno 2012, https://www.law.muni.cz/sborniky/ pracpravo2012/files/PracovniPravo2012.pdf. ; Mazur W., Mąż i żona w jednej firmie, 2015, https://hrpolska.pl/prawo-pracy/prawo/m-i-ona-w-jednej-firmie. ; Medveďová S., Aktuálny stav pracovnoprávnej problematiky, http://www.solen.sk/pdf/Medvedova.pdf. ; Podrazil P., K zákazu výkonu závislé práce mezi manžely a registrovanými partner, Právní rozhledy 2018, no. 20, https://www.beck-online.cz/bo/chapterview-document.seam?documentId=nrptembrhbpxa4s7giyf6427g4ydo&groupIndex=0&rowIndex=0. ; Švejdová M., Zastřené pracovněprávní vztahy 2014, Rigorous thesis, Law Faculty. Masaryk university, Brno, http://is.muni.cz/th/107751/pravf_r/. ; Zapletal R., Blažek M., Selected Impacts of the Possibility to Enter into Marriage by Same‑Sex Couples Manifesting in the Area of the Czech Social Security Law, in: Z. Králíčková, M. Kornel, J. Valdhans, DNY PRÁVA 2018 – DAYS OF LAW 2018 Part I. – Marriage for all? Brno 2019. ; 26

International audience ; In February 2021, the French government relaxed the Labor Code and authorized workday lunches in the office and on the shop floor to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in dedicated eating places (canteens, lunch rooms, refectories). The general reception of the measure was indifferent. Conservative media, however, welcomed the news as a long overdue step toward more individual liberty and a less rigid labor market. This opinion misconstrues the historical origins of the lunch-time regulation as well as the economic effects and cultural meaning of lunch breaks. First, public health inspired the original regulation in 1894. Second, its upshots have since sustained workday commensality and people's wellbeing. Third, scientific studies show that lunch breaks increase productivity in the afternoon. Far from being a drag on the general economy or the individual firm, midday commensality on working days benefits both employees and employers. Proper meals on workdays are likely to survive the shock of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Belarus, a former Eastern bloc country located between Russia and Poland, has drafted a comprehensive labor code to govern employment relations. This Note presents the historical underpinnings of the legislation, its major provisions, and its prospects for successfully handling labor disputes as well as encouraging foreign investment. The author first explores the current labor environment in Belarus, especially focusing on the recent privatization of industry, and its amenability to such regulation. The Note then analyzes specific provisions of the labor code and compares them to the National Labor Relations Act in the United States, as well as the conditions under which the NLRA was adopted, and the Belgian Labor Inspection Act. Finally, the author proposes improvements for this legislation, emphasizing in particular the need for effective enforcement. The author concludes that, while not perfect, the Draft Labor Code represents a serious step toward labor reform in this Republic.

First of all, the article presents the relevance and necessity of the adoption of the new Labor Code and highlights the general problems of current labor legislation, for example, the inconsistency of the legislation with the existing relations, the lack of a list of all subjects in a single codified act, the obsolescence of approaches, and so on. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the current labor code is constantly being amended, which makes it overloaded. The article emphasizes and substantiates the importance of the social orientation of labor legislation. This need lies primarily in the fact that the participants in the employment relationship are not actually rhymes. The employer occupies a more favorable and privileged position in relation to the employee, and therefore may abuse his power and administrative resources. That is why it is important that the rules contained in the Labor Code are focused on the legal equality of the parties. These are guarantees for employees that limit the arbitrariness of the employer, as well as mutual rights and obligations. Arguments that were given indicate the need to study any bill for social orientation. There are also the main international acts that confirm the need for social coherence of labor legislation. The last three bills, which are proposed as a replacement for the current Labor Code, were also considered. These bills are analyzed for social orientation and the availability and security of employees' guarantees to employers. The main shortcomings in each bill were also identified. This allowed us to conclude that currently the legislator has not taken into account such an important aspect of the formation of labor legislation as social orientation. During the study of the bills, a number of shortcomings were found, which are hidden in the essence of the norms. The legislator uses different approaches from those used and are currently used. But instead of European standards and guarantees, we have a decrease in social orientation, which is ...

Vietnam is in the process of updating its Labor Code of 2012. This advisory note is designed to inform a dialog on opportunities for how the 2012 Labor Code can be adjusted to balance the playing field between men and women so that they have equal access to and equal benefits from the labor market. It does so with to objective to support the gender assessment of new laws as stipulated by the Vietnam Promulgation of Laws of 2015. The advisory note draws on analysis carried out by the task team and under the World Bank's Vietnam Jobs Diagnostic. This advisory note is follow-up to a workshop hosted by the Social Affairs Committee of the Vietnam National Assembly and The World Bank on January 11, 2019, for members of the Social Affairs Committee and other National Assembly representatives. After the workshop the Committee and Social Affairs Department of the National Assembly asked for a write up of the recommendation made at the workshop. The recommendations and the workshop were carried out as part of the Vietnam Women's Economic Empowerment Project under the Australia-World Bank Group Strategic Partnership Program 2 (ABP2). The project is supporting the Government of Vietnam on its efforts to ensure that gender is addressed in legislation, including for example, the Labor Code.