Suchergebnisse

Language Development over the Lifespan, compiled by Kees de Bot and Robert W. Schrauf, is a collection of articles that explore language development—both language acquisition and language attrition—from a lifespan perspective. This volume of articles was, first of all, intended as a reference resource for research on language development and the aging process and as a text for MA courses in applied linguistics/bilingualism programs. More importantly, this book establishes a new and exciting perspective on language acquisition by considering developmental language phenomena, that is, "developmental" changes in language that occur over the span of a lifetime. This volume thus opens up new windows to research language acquisition from a developmental perspective. Language development becomes a function of the interaction of timescales both within the lifespan of the individual and at a larger "biocultural" (i.e., historical) level of language development. Historical events like the adoption of an official language by a government, for example, generate changes in language use at a macro-level, which in turn produce "cohort effects" that affect language development within the individual. A key concept to this lifespan perspective is that language is a dynamic system involving multiple components and subsystems. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of cognitive and psychological factors, as well as social and cultural factors like the role of life events in the dynamic development of language.

AbstractMany of the 138 living languages in Malaysia are listed as endangered and some listed as vigorous are undergoing language shift. Most of these languages are shifting towards Malay, the national language, and to English, an international language. Since standard Malay is the language of instruction in the government schools, many indigenous parents are speaking Malay to their children with the hope of giving them a better start in school. People in a number of the indigenous minority groups in Sabah and Sarawak recognize that language shift is occurring and are taking steps to reverse it. In the past 15 years several of the indigenous minority groups have been engaged in language development projects and, as awareness grows, more groups are joining them. They have developed appropriate writing systems and produced linguistic papers to increase understanding of the vocabulary and grammar of their languages. They have also implemented early childhood education programmes with the intention of increasing the number of speakers of the languages, and raising their status. This article presents some of the methods, activities, successes and challenges that these groups have experienced in their language development projects while seeking to revitalize their vulnerable languages.

Creative dramatics is an integrating experience because it focuses many learnings on a single purpose. The multiple learning values of creative play-making are inherent in the demands of dramatic construction. Ideas come first; then conflict must be created and sustained. Actors must react to one another, and dialogue must communicate dramatic action. The child manipulating the puppet must think about his character and define his role in the drama. Finally, and perhaps most important, puppetry offers both individual expression and group interaction; two essential elements of language development are integrated in creative pupperty.

Plurilingual Education; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Acknowledgment - financial support; Table of contents ; Introduction ; The notion of plurilingualism ; Policies, practices and language development ; Section 1: Language policies ; Section 2: Language practices ; Section 3: Language development ; References ; Part 1. Policies; Plurilingualism and the challenges of education ; 1. The paradigm of plurality ; 1.1 Intricate and interrelated facets of plurality facing educational systems ; 1.2 Socialisation/individualisation: A complex process involving plural entities

This book establishes a dialog between experimental psychology and electrophysiology in the study of infant language development. On the one hand, traditional methods of investigation into language development have reached a high level of refinement despite being confined to observing infants' overt behavioral responses. On the other hand, more recent methods such as neuroimaging and, in particular, event-related potentials provide access to implicit responses from the infant brain while often relying on rather gross experimental contrasts. The aims of this book are both to provide neuroscient.

In a classroom of preschool deaf children, language development proceeds slowly and is based on clear communication, frequent repetitions, basic sentences, and an environment which stimulates and rewards communication attempts. The majority of children go home after school to a situation devoid of true symbolic communication, no matter how loving and well-intentioned the family is. Children whose parents sign to them demonstrate an obvious superiority in lanugage skills, as shown in records kept in the classroom. The records are kept primarily to provide reinforcement and guidance for the teacher, however, distinctions are clear concerning the home communication environment. The following study resulted from a 2¼-year record of one child's utterances which showed a growth in language skills and concepts that argues favorably for the use of Total Communication and Signed English in the home and school.

President has an authority to establish policies in order to run the government, one of which is through Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Presidential Decree). As written documents, the Decrees have language development which can be seen from the writing patterns. Therefore, this study aims to examine the writing patterns of Decrees from time to time to support forensic linguistic study, such as document forgery analysis. We took sixteen Presidential Decrees from 1945 to 2018 as the data then analyzed them by using qualitative method. The data were obtained from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and the official website of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia (www.sipuu.setkab.go.id). This study indicates that language development in Indonesian Presidential Decrees is found in the structure of the Decrees, diction, and sentence structure. On the Decree structure, 1945 and 1946 Decrees contain one long sentence to explain the intent, whereas in the 1947—2018 Decrees, intents are elaborated in several clauses. Additionally, there are various types of diction used in the consideration sections. On the syntax, various types of sentences can be found in the Decrees. 1940s Decrees contain simple sentences and complex sentences while 1950s—2010s Decrees contain simple sentences, complex sentences, compound sentences, and mixed sentences.