Suchergebnisse

The subject of the research is the problems of constitutional law enforcement of administrative offences legislation, taking into account the prospects for its new codification.The purpose of the article is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that the effectiveness of the new Code of administrative offences depends on whether the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the principles of administrative responsibility will be taken into account when drafting it.The authors use methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal method of interpretation of Constitution, legislation on administrative offences and judicial decisions of Russian Constitutional Court.The main results and scope of their application. The administrative torts law in Russia is expected to pass through the total review up to the grounds of its codification in close future. The article presents initial positions of that changes within basic frames produced by Russian Constitutional Court. Its case-law has already invaded into many spheres and details in respective sphere of legal rules and also prescribed a lot for their future. This case-law yet is necessarily made within its inherent range for it is ever constrained procedurally by content of actions and cases to be settled. However Russian administrative torts law is destined for reformation in new code-making in view of constitutional case-law and in order to do better with neighbor spheres of legal responsibility. Disputable matters of administrative liability, the company's responsibility with psychical fiction on its fault (corporative thinking, wishing, desire, diligence), substantial and procedural equity etc. are described and discussed in the article as to the administrative law of torts on in its constitutional dimension.Conclusions. The Code of administrative offences of the Russian Federation does not fully meet the legal needs of society. Work on real improvement of this code will continue, therefore, legal science should be more strongly and persistently to implement in legislative practice constitutional ideas about improvement of codification and ensuring unity of legal space of the country. In particular, it is necessary to settle the debatable aspects of tort liability, the guilt of legal entities when it is addressed by fiction to the phenomena of the psyche (thinking, goals, will, caution), the constitutional and legal foundations of justice in the field of administrative penalties, procedural enforcement of rights and freedoms, etc. ; С учетом ожидаемого системного пересмотра законодательства об административных правонарушениях описывается исходная к этому обстановка, главным образом с правовых позиций Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации, которые изложены по предмету как небольшой свод правоположений с их юрисдикционными обоснованиями. Фиксируется, что эти позиции привели к заметным конституционно-правовым вмешательствам в административно-деликтное право и многое опреде-лили в нем на будущее в прескриптивных обращениях к законодательным властям. Исходя из ретроспективы и текущего состояния, предполагаются объем и структура предстоящей административно-деликтной кодификации, затрагиваются дискуссионные стороны деликтоспособности, вины юридических лиц, когда она обращена по фикции к явлениям психики (мышлению, целям, воле, осторожности), конституционно-правовые основы справедливости в области административных наказаний, процессуального обеспечения прав и свобод и другое по заявленной теме.

Modern society is a very complex system. Its management is carried out with the help of political and legal system, the center of which is state power. The state power in its activity rests on the existing legislation, the core of which is the constitutional legislation. The basis of the constitutional legislation of Russia is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This means that the most important changes in the legal reality of the country, one way or another, concern its Basic Law, or the Constitution. Since most of the current changes in the legal reality and its conceptual core– the constitutional legislation– are of a complex systemic nature, an adequate complex methodology is needed to study these phenomena. It can be successfully implemented in the philosophy of law, the theory of state and law, in the study of constitutional legislation. This methodology is based on the priority of the whole with respect to the part and includes several interrelated approaches: dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, global (systemecological), comparative, structural-organizational. It is based on the theoretical basis of synthetic dualism. Legal education requires the training of specialists of the appropriate profile. ; Современное общество – это очень сложно организованная система. Ее управление осуществляется с помощью политико-правовой системы, центром которой является государственная власть. Государственная власть в своей деятельности опирается на существующее законодательство, ядром которого является конституционное законодательство. Основу конституционного законодательства России составляет Конституция РФ. Это значит, что самые важные изменения в правовой реальности страны так или иначе касаются ее основного закона, или Конституции. Поскольку большинство современных изменений правовой реальности и ее концептуального ядра– конституционного законодательства– носят сложный системный характер, то для исследования данных феноменов необходима адекватная комплексная методология. Она может успешно реализоваться в философии права, теории государства и права, при исследовании конституционного законодательства. Такая методология исходит из приоритета целого по отношению к части и включает несколько взаимосвязанных подходов: диалектический, системный, структурно-функциональный, глобальный (системно-экологический), компаративистский, структурно-организационный. Опирается на теоретическую основу синтетического дуализма. В правовом образовании необходима подготовка специалистов соответствующего профиля.

The subject. The article is devoted to different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil, their analyzing, depending on main goal of coercion.The purpose of the paper is to extend constitutional knowledge about measures of constitutional legal enforcement and to demonstrate generic character of constitutional legal enforcement theory for different countries.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and legal methods.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil. Constitutions of foreign countries contain various measures of constitutional coercion as the main way to resolve constitutional conflicts.Among the measures of constitutional and legal coercion enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution are: holding the President accountable for abuse of power; temporary termination of the powers of the President of the Republic during the process of bringing him to justice; prohibition of the President and Vice-President of the Republic to leave the territory of the country for a certain period without the approval of the Parliament; recognition by the National Congress of the positions of the President and Vice-President as vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days of taking office;holding new elections when the positions of the President and Vice-President are declared vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days from the date of taking office.Conclusions. Depending on the constitutional system, the history of the state, measures of constitutional coercion may be different in content, but it remains possible to classify such measures depending on the main purpose of their application. The system of measures of constitutional legal enforcement, including measures of prevention, suppression, restoration, responsibility and security is applicable not only for the Russian constitutional law, but also for constitutional law of foreign countries, in particular, Brazil. ; Рассматриваются различные меры конституционно-правового принуждения, существующие в конституционном праве Бразилии. Утверждается, что действующая Конституция Бразилии представляет собой подробный и самобытный акт конституционного права, содержащий в себе различные меры по разрешению конституционно-правовых конфликтов, изучение которых расширит научные представления о системе мер конституционно-правового принуждения в целом.

The subject. The article is devoted to integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that theoretical mechanisms of conflictology may be effectively applied into constitutional legal theory to prevent con‐ stitutional legal conflicts.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and sociological approach.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes the genesis of legal conflictology theory in different humanitarian sciences and its periodization, including integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The author substantiates necessity and justification of application of theoretical and methodological bases of science of conflictology in the constitutional and municipal law for the purpose of forecasting, identification and the resolution of the corresponding constitutional and legal conflicts.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law is a research level of legal conflictology. The subject of this kind of conflictology are legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law, their prediction, identification and resolution. It is necessary to take into account the following postulates of the General theory of conflictology in the study of legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law:– the conflict is natural, objective and acts as an integral property of social life;– the social conflict at the same time acts as a stabilizing factor of functioning of social system;– social conflict is a complex social phenomenon as well as a process having structural, spatial‐temporal and dynamic characteristics;– the organic connection of law conflict with the law. The legal conflict arises about legal phenomena, it is realized under the influence and with the application of legal norms, it is resolved on the basis of legal regulation;– there is a special kind of political conflict that arises within the existing government, where each of the groups within the ruling class has more private interests and its own vision of the situation.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law bases on the general theoretical postulates of the science of social conflicts. Constitutional conflict is a political type of social conflict – a disagreement between the subjects of constitutional and municipal legal relations over constitutional values, which can be transformed into legally significant conflict and generate legal consequences.Conclusions. The object of scientific knowledge of legal conflictology in constitutional and municipal law is a constitutional and legal conflict, the study of which should be based on the above postulates of the general theory of conflictology, and can not be limited to purely legal knowledge. ; Рассматривается процесс формирования юридической конфликтологии на основе различных гуманитарных наук, этапы развития научных представлений о конфликтологии и их интеграции в юридическую науку. Обосновывается необходимость и оправданность применения теоретических и методологических основ науки конфликтологии в конституционном и муниципальном праве в целях прогнозирования, выявления и разрешения соответствующих конституционно‐правовых конфликтов.

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite many years of research on the relationship between man and the state, problems in this part continue to persist, a panacea for establishing a complete understanding between these actors has not been found. This article is an attempt to answer some questions through the prism of the analysis of the constitutional and legal status of subjects based on the author's theory of their relationship. This work is devoted to the study of the constitutional and legal status of a person, the state as a whole, the Russian Federation and state bodies from the standpoint of the theory of the correlation of subjects of law developed by the author, the essence of which is to establish and study absolutely all relations of subjects, including ineffective influence by virtue of powers, rights or duties that do not involve active actions, for subsequent legal regulation and accounting of what is really happening in life. In the preparation of this material, methods of analysis and synthesis were mainly used, since in order to consider the connections between the subjects, it was necessary to study each of them separately in order to come to the desired conclusions after the subsequent unification. A large volume of the invoice is taken from the scientific literature, in connection with which it is obvious to use the method of expert assessments. The result of the work done is to establish the true position of the subjects listed above in the system of their relationship with each other, which can be the basis for subsequent management decisions, the transformation of constitutional and legal regulation or further research by scientists interested in similar issues.

The article analyzes the tasks of reforming the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which, according to the author, can be solved only with the adoption of the new Basic Law of the country. In this case, the following prerequisites should become key: economic reforms; certainty in terms of ideological foundations; improvement of the public authority system; improvement of the system of public authority; securing the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, the foundations of civil society and the institutions of direct democracy; reflecting the tasks of the country's territorial organization; regulation of the law enforcement system. The new text of the Constitution should take into account most of the novelties of the 2020 constitutional reform. But since, according to the existing procedure, it is impossible to amend chapters 1, 2, 9 of the Basic Law and many innovations are reflected in other chapters, therefore, when creating a new text, itis necessary to clearly follow the logic of constitutional regulation.

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы обеспечения равноправия среди участников закупочной деятельности через анализ действующих принципов, заложенных в законодательстве о контрактной системе. Проанализирована правоприменительная и административная практика Самарской области при проведении наиболее крупных закупок. Выявлена и обоснована необходимость совместного использования положительной практики стандартизации и типологизации регионального каталога товаров, работ, услуг Самарской области. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности правоприменительной практики на примере ошибок при составлении первых и вторых частей заявок на закупку, а также предлагаются варианты их решения. Такой взгляд будет интересен специалистам, которые непосредственно формируют закупочную документацию. На основе проведенного исследования автором предлагается заполнение пробелов в законодательстве и применении единого подхода в толковании законодательства в сфере закупок правоприменителями, контрольными и судебными органами. ; In this article problems of ensuring equality among participants of purchasing activity through the analysis of the operating principles underlain in the legislation on contract system are considered. Law-enforcement and administrative practice of the Samara Region when carrying out the largest purchases is analysed. Need of sharing of positive practice of standardization and a tipologization of the regional catalog of goods, works, services of the Samara Region is revealed and proved. Characteristics of law-enforcement practice on the example of mistakes by drawing up the first and second parts of applications for purchase are allocated and described and also versions of their solution are proposed. Such look will be interesting to experts who directly form procurement documentation. On the basis of the conducted research the author offers filling the gaps in the legislation and applications of uniform approach in interpretation of the legislation in the sphere of purchases by law enforcement officials, regulatory and judicial authorities.

The subject is constitutional legal issues of urbanization in Russia.The purpose of the article is to identify main constitutional legal problems of urbanization in Russia and suggest the ways of their settlement.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results and scope of application. Number of problems of constitutional and legal regulation and law enforcement in the context of urbanization were analyzed. The role of cities and villages in the formation of Russian society and the state, legal and socio-economic features of law enforcement in urban and rural life, the impact of scientific and technological progress on cities were studied.The author believes that the Russian Constitution is "the Constitution of cities" because almost any legal peculiarities of the constitutional legal regulation of the forms of urban and rural life are not incorporated. It is one of the causes of the degradation of the modern village. "City state" formation anticipated a number of negative factors. The author identifies the factors that determine prospects of the development of modern law enforcement in a situation of global urbanization.Conclusions. The urbanization process cannot be artificially stimulated in favor of doubtful socio-economic achievements. We can't ignore the quality of law-creation from the point of view of realization of interests of the population and ensure effective law enforcement at all levels of government and management. ; Рассматривается ряд проблем конституционно-правового регулирования и правоприменения в условиях урбанизации, роль городов и сел в формировании российского общества и государства, правовые и социально-экономические особенности правоприменения в городской и сельской жизни, влияние научно-технического прогресса на города.

В России после принятия Конституции РФ в 1993 г. сформировалась обширная судебная практика, отражающая реальную имплементацию отдельных конституционных прав и свобод человека. Особую значимость для построения правового и демократического государства имеет конституционная свобода мирных собраний, которая исследуется автором посредством анализа постановлений Конституционного суда РФ, принятых в период 1993-2018 гг. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что судебное право публичных собраний начало складываться только после того, как в России появился федеральный закон о свободе собраний, а именно в 2012-2018 гг., когда были приняты семь постановлений Конституционного суда РФ по ст. 31 Конституции РФ. В ходе анализа автор устанавливает, что при разрешении дел о свободе собраний Конституционный суд Российской Федерации часто использовал такую технику нормоконтроля, с помощью которой оспариваемые законоположения признавались в целом конституционными, однако при этом отмечались различные дефекты правового регулирования. В статье предпринята попытка установить, когда подобная техника нормоконтроля по делам о свободе собраний была оправданной, а когда нет. Автор приходит к выводу, что Конституционный суд РФ при рассмотрении дел о свободе мирных собраний отказывался от проявления судебного активизма и делал достаточно большие уступки в пользу законодателя и правоприменителей. Так, в постановлении по делу о реформе законодательства о свободе собраний Конституционный суд РФ в 2013 г. необоснованно «простил» законодателю обильные процессуальные нарушения в ходе законотворческой работы и признал оспариваемый пакет законов в целом конституционным. Автор считает, что подобное толерантное отношение Конституционного суда РФ к нарушению законодательных процедур негативно влияет на правовую определенность и стабильность конституционного законодательства. Аналогичным образом автор материала высказывает критику постановления Конституционного суда РФ по делу о встречах депутатов с избирателями, которые фактически приравнены к публичным мероприятиям, что нарушает баланс между законодательной и исполнительной ветвями власти, придавая последней доминирующий характер. Общий вывод автора сводится к тому, что в дальнейшем объем практики Конституционного суда РФ по делам о свободе собраний будет возрастать, что обусловлено ростом гражданской активности, а также общим рестриктивным характером российского законодательства о публичных мероприятиях, которые современные правоприменители, исходя из собственной конституционной культуры, интерпретируют в первую очередь в качестве угрозы общественному порядку и безопасности, а не рассматривают мирные собрания граждан в качестве обычной повседневной демократической практики. ; For twenty-five years, following the adoption of the Russian Constitution on 12 December 1993, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has developed an extensive judicial practice reflecting the actual implementation of individual constitutional human rights and freedoms. Of particular significance for the building of a democratic state governed by the rule of law is the constitutional freedom of peaceful assembly, which is examined by the author through the analysis of the case-law of the Russian Constitutional Court over the 1993 to 2018 period. The author concludes that the Russian Public Assembly Law began to emerge after the enactment of the Federal Law on Asseblies, Meetings, Demonstrations, Processions and Picketings, namely, in 2012-2018, when the Russian Constitutional Court has adopted seven rulings concerning the Article 31 of the Russian Constitution. Based on the analyses of these rulings, the author holds that the Russian Constitutional Court has quite often used its own legal approach regarding review of the constitutionality of legal norms, when challenged regulations were declared to be constitutional in general, but the Court also critiсized legal defects of disputed regulations. This research paper tries to define when the application of this legal techniques was justified and when not. The author comes to the conclusion that in deciding the cases on the freedom of peaceful assembly the Russian Constitutional Court refrained from the use of the judicial activism and made rather big concessions to lawmakers and law enforcement authorities. Thus, in the ruling on reform of the legislation on the freedom of assembly, the Russian Constitutional Court unjustifiably turned a blind eye to serious procedural violations of due legislative process made by the Russian lawmakers and has declared the contested law to be constitutional for the most part. The author considers that this tolerant approach of the Russian Constitutional Court with regard to gross violations of the constitutional legislative procedures has a negative impact on the legal certainty and stability of the country's legal system. The author also criticizes the ruling of the Constitutional Court of Russia on the case regarding the MP's meetings with electors, which in general are equated with public events. These new legal provisions disturb the balance between the legislative and executive branches, giving the dominant character to the latter. The general conclusion of the author is that the number of corresponding cases of the Russian Constitutional Court on the freedom of peaceful assembly will continue to increase in the future. There are two main reasons for these expected developments: the raising of political and civic activeness in modern Russia on the one hand, and on the other – the general restrictive character of the Russian legislation on public events, which are mostly interpreted by the law enforcement agencies as the potential threat to public order and security, and not as the usual everyday practice of modern democracy.

The monography provides a comparative analysis of the constitutional review bodies' activities, their status and efficiency in different Post-Soviet States. It deals with the complex description of the constitutional provisions' compliance, the problems of legal mechanisms and stability, evolution of the local legislation. In this book the authors provide a detailed report of the constitutional review institutions' problems in the process of ensuring its legislative position. In this context we find in the research a description of the legal, political risks of the constitutional control in Post-Soviet States, its social perception and the predictability of its legal systems' development. This work integrates the unique structure of presentation and research materials. By the reflection of this type the authors lay the base for continuing further researches of constitutional review development dynamics in the countries of the region.

The issues of restrictions on the labor rights of citizens in the case of a state ofemergency or emergency situation are being investigated. It is established that the currentlegislation distinguishes between legal regimes associated with the introduction of a stateof emergency and its absence, despite the existence of an emergency situation. The laboractivity in emergency situations is temporary, like the emergency itself, and is thereforerealized through temporary transfers of workers to other jobs, as well as involving citizensin overtime work and work on weekends and non-working holidays. It was concludedthat it is necessary to differentiate the possibility of using compulsory labor in cases ofintroduction of a state of emergency and in the absence of such a state of emergency.Also, the list of emergency circumstances specified in Articles 72.2, 99, 113 of the LCRF should be brought into line with a similar list, enshrined in the norms of internationallaw, the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation. In particular, fromthis list it is necessary to exclude accidents at work, the possibility of destruction or damageto the property of the employer, state or municipal property and other cases not providedfor by the above regulatory legal acts ; Исследуются вопросы ограничений трудовых прав граждан в случае введе-ния чрезвычайного положения или наличия чрезвычайной ситуации. Установле-но, что действующее законодательство различает правовые режимы, связанные свведением чрезвычайного положения и его отсутствием, несмотря на наличиечрезвычайной ситуации. Трудовая деятельность в чрезвычайных ситуациях носитвременный характер, как и сама чрезвычайная ситуация, а потому реализуетсяпосредством временных переводов работников на другую работу, а также привле-чения граждан к сверхурочным работам и работам в выходные и нерабочиепраздничные дни. Сделан вывод о необходимости разграничения возможностииспользования обязательного труда в случаях введения чрезвычайного положенияи при отсутствии такового. Также перечень чрезвычайных обстоятельств, указан-ный в ст. 72.2, 99, 113 ТК РФ, необходимо привести в соответствие с аналогич-ным перечнем, закрепленным в нормах международного права, Конституции РФи федеральном законодательстве. В частности, из этого перечня нужно исключитьнесчастные случаи на производстве, возможность уничтожения или порчи иму-щества работодателя, государственного или муниципального имущества и другиеслучаи, не предусмотренные вышеуказанными нормативными правовыми актами.

Настоящая публикация представляет собой попытку изучить реализацию принципа идеологического многообразия в законодательстве о политических партиях. В статье акцентируется, что принцип много- партийности, с одной стороны, выступает гарантией реализации действия норм об идеологическом многообразии, а с другой стороны, политические партии — одни из основных субъектов конституционного права, реализующего право на идеологическое многообразие. В работе показано, что одним из самых значительных изъянов российской партийной системы выступает наличие доминантной партии, включающей в себя представителей законодательной и исполнительной власти. На основе анализа действующего законодательства автором установлено, что, последовательно трансформируя нормативно-правовую базу, регулирующую создание и деятельность политических партий по направлению изменений в избирательных правоотношениях, законодательного регулирования метода распределения депутатских мандатов, а также урегулировав правовой механизм оппозиционной деятельности, можно расширить пределы всесторонней государственно-правовой реализации идеологического многообразия в Российской Федерации. DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2016)3-07 ; This publication attempts to examine the implementation of the principle of ideological diversity in the law on political parties. The article emphasizes that the principle of multi-party system on the one hand acts as a guarantee of the implementation of the rules of the ideological diversity, and on the other hand, political parties are one of the main subjects of the constitutional law, realizing the right to ideological diversity. It has been shown that one of the most significant shortcomings of the Russian party system is the existence of the dominant party, including representatives of legislative and executive power. Based on the analysis of the current legislation the author established that by consistently transforming the legal framework governing the establishment and activities of political parties in the direction of the changes in the electoral law relations, and legal regulation of the method of distribution of seats in Parliament, and by settling legal mechanism for opposition activities, one can extend the limits of the general state and legal realization of ideological diversity in the Russian Federation.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2016)3-07

The subject of the article is the content of the constitutional amendment of 2020 on the need to ensure the protection of historical truth.The purpose of the research is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that protection of historical truth should not be provided by measures of constitutional and legal regulation, since this would conflict with other constitutional principles.The methodology of research includes analysis of academic researches concerning the essence of historical truth, interpretation of Russian Constitution.The main results, scope of application. The author proves that "historical truth" in the constitutional and legal sense is the goal of an objectively and conscientiously minded researcher, guaranteed in a free democratic society by the constitutional right to freedom of thought, scientific creativity and expression. Goal-setting in cognition is a matter of mental activity that is difficult for the democratic control of the state and law. From a normative point of view the moral aspect exists here only (the search for historical truth is a virtue, its distortion is a vice). Constitutional democracy is based on the will and needs of today's generation of people. The past, of course, has a certain significance, but it cannot be considered decisive. An excessive preoccupation with traditions and the historical past is fraught with stagnation, stagnation or even degradation of the state mechanism. Constitutional regulation of historical truth leads to unnecessary sacralization of the history of the state, which is profoundly alien to the true legal essence of the constitutional system of a modern democratic society and the objectivity of historical and legal science. State-legal influence in this area is difficult and entails risks of legally binding ideology, which is prohibited by the first chapter of the "Fundamentals of the constitutional order" of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 13) and the current acts of the Russian Constitutional Court.Conclusions. The legal obligation to "ensure the protection of historical truth" deserves a critical assessment, since it is difficult to combine with the constitutional rights to freedom of scientific creativity, freedom of thought and speech, the principle of ideological diversity and the democratic nature of the Russian state. The right of citizens to their own position on historical issues and search for their "historical truth" followed from the constitutional regulation before the constitutional amendments of 2020 and continues to operate today due to the immutability of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. ; Исследуется содержание конституционной поправки от 2020 г. о необходимости обеспечения защиты исторической правды. Автор доказывает, что «историческая правда» в конституционно-правовом значении - это цель объективно и добросовестно настроенного исследователя, гарантируемая в свободном демократическом обществе конституционным правом на свободу мысли, научного творчества и выражения мнения. Отмечается, что целеполагание в познании - вопрос мыслительной деятельности, с трудом поддающийся демократическому контролю государства и права; с нормативной точки зрения здесь, в лучшем случае, просматривается нравственный аспект (поиск исторической правды есть добродетель, ее искажение - порок). Государственно-правовое воздействие в этой сфере затруднительно и влечет за собой риски появления юридически обязательной идеологии, что запрещено главой первой «Основы конституционного строя» Конституции РФ (ч. 2 ст. 13) и действующими актами Конституционного Суда РФ.