Suchergebnisse

The huge amount of work accidents in Peru has not produced the implementation of policies aimed at reducing occupational accidents rates. Not only that, there is a certain passivity with informal business and persons who break the law, even when it creates risks to workers' lives. Criminal Law is the best example, because criminal rules do not apply in fact. We have a symbolic norm; that means a situation that counteracts the preventive effect of Criminal Law. In other words, the legislator has weakened non-criminal instances excluding punishment even for the most serious behaviors in which workers' lives are endangered. In this context, compliance programs play a big role in labor risk prevention and, therefore, in the reduction of criminal rates.

First, this work proposes a study of the origin, elements and application of the Compliance Program or, also named, Regulatory Compliance Program. The aforementioned program is understood as an internal device that corporations use not only to comply with the current legislation but also to prevent and detect legal violations they could be found in or as part of the activities they carry out.Second, it tries to explain and develop the connection between, on one hand, the new risks in the financial and technological development and, on the other hand, Criminal Law as a protective body of important legal assets for society. The aim is to analyze Criminal Compliance to get the corporationto manage its activities under current legislation, especially Criminal Law.In this regard, it enlarges the sectoral developments based on the Peruvian Government's implementation of the the Compliance Program in the legal framework.Finally, it analyzes the impact of Criminal Compliance in the criminal legal framework. For that end, it refers to the criminal liability system in Peru and in what way it impacts on the application of Criminal Compliance. ; El trabajo propone, en primer lugar, un estudio del origen, los elementos y la aplicación del Compliance Program o, también llamado, Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo, entendido como un dispositivo interno que las empresas implementan para cumplir con la normatividad vigente, así como para prevenir y detectar las infracciones legales que se produzcan dentro de las mismas o como parte de las actividades que estas realizan. Asimismo, se intenta explicar y desarrollar la relación entre los nuevos riesgos, debido al desarrollo económico y tecnológico, y el derecho penal como ente protector de bienes jurídicos de importancia para la sociedad. Esto último tiene como finalidad analizar el Criminal Compliance, destinado a que la empresa ordene su actividad conforme a la normativa aplicable, en especial la ley penal. En tal sentido, se desarrolla la aplicación que el Estado peruano ha realizado del referido Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo en el ordenamiento jurídico, en concreto los avances sectoriales. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto del Criminal Compliance en el ordenamiento jurídico penal. Para ello, se hace una referencia al sistema de responsabilidad penal adoptado en el Perú y de qué manera esto impacta en la aplicación del Criminal Compliance.

This article deals with the figure of forfeiture of assets related to crime. The point of reference is Peruvian criminal legislation. Although the analysis focuses on the substantive norms, some procedural considerations are also made.

In today's world the relationship between criminal law and human rights remains complex, both in doctrine and in practice, as evidenced by the various realities and theories around this matter, so it is convenient to reflect on the most viable ways and methods to humanize criminal law and criminal procedure to preserve human dignity. The purpose of the text lies in presenting the editorial of the special edition of Vol. 39, No, 70 of Political Issues. The arguments outlined allow us to conclude that, it would be illusory to suppose, as some jurists think, that the law by itself is sufficient to build a wall of contention in the face of the actions of the arbitrary powers that constitute an obstacle to fundamental rights, it is also necessary the political will of the actors of power to comply with and enforce the law in a human and rational way and, especially, the organized action of a citizenry willing to fight for the exercise of their human rights within the framework of any punitive action.

The article discusses the definition and correlation of the concepts of "conflict" and "competence" and provides various expert opinions on this. In the methodology it is an analytical research based on documentary. In modern scientific literature, the clash of the rules of criminal law is called conflict of laws, using the definitions indicated as identical concepts. However, the authors point to the controversial nature of such an interpretation of those concepts. The causes of conflicts in the rules of Russian law are analyzed. Thereis also a detailed analysis of conflicts in the rules of domestic criminal law and criminal executive law. In the context of the topic studied, the authors refer to the categories of criminal law and criminal executive law as the principles of criminal law. It emphasizes by way of conclusion that the conflicts identified are not an exhaustive list, simply the authors of this work managed to consider only some aspects of the subject, therefore the conclusions and suggestions are not indisputable. In any case, the discussion of these issues is important to achieve coherence in the rules of criminal law and criminal executive law.

In this work the current state of institute of partnership in crime based on the analysis of statistical data which demonstrates to existence of problematic issues in definition of the concepts "criminal group", "group way of commission of crime", "partnership" that affects law-enforcement practice is considered.It is necessary to recognize the increased public danger of the crimes committed by several persons as in such cases the criminal result is a consequence of the combined efforts of two and more persons. At the same time, at qualification of the crimes committed with use of a group way there are problems of their legal treatment at their commission, both within partnership, and beyond its limits.Carrying out short historical digression in development of institute of partnership in the existing criminal legislation, analyzing opinions of scientists concerning differentiation of the concepts "criminal group", "group way of commission of crime", "partnership", the author of article proves need of development of the concept "group way of commission of crime" - by legislative fixing of this concept of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. For the purpose of improvement of institute of partnership, entering of corresponding changes into the Russian criminal legislation is offered.

Abstract. Regarding the concept of economic criminal law, within the context of traditionalpositions – the restrictive one, the open one and the eclectic critical approaches, the author aims at a conceptual approach integrated into this sophisticated area of criminal law. This integrated attitude does not arise as the mere result of the synthesis of the abovementioned traditional positions, but it is made up of other significant variables, to wit: the ontic conditions of social structure, a social anthropocentric vision, the vindication of a need for a very precise legally protected right and determining in its offensiveness, and the claim for the democratic legitimacy of this regulatory category.All of this is combined with a concrete reality which summarizes an illicit behavior or objectively abusive with respect to the normal functioning of the economy's mechanisms or resources. Based on these ideas, a rational and minimalist sequence between the concepts of economic criminal law, macroeconomic criminal law and business criminal law may be attained, in addition to a common methodology to typify and bring these phenomena closer together and a more fluent exercise of the guarantees of a socialdemocratic rule of law. ; Resumen. En el contexto de las tradicionales posturas —restrictiva, amplia y tentativaseclécticas de carácter crítico—, respecto del concepto de derecho penal económico, el autor procura lograr una aproximación conceptual integrada a esta rama sofisticada del derecho penal. Esa postura integrada no surge como mero resultado de la síntesis de las referidas visiones tradicionales, sino que se compone, también, de otras variables de particular importancia, a saber: las condiciones ónticas de la estructura social, una visión antropocéntrica social, la reivindicación de la necesidad de un bien jurídico muy preciso y determinable en su ofensividad, y el reclamo a la legitimidad democrática de esta categoría normativa. Todo ello se anuda a una realidad concreta que trasunta un comportamiento ilícito u objetivamente abusivo respecto del normal funcionamiento de los mecanismos o resortes de la economía. A partir de estas ideas podrá lograrse una secuencia racional y minimalista entre los conceptos de derecho penal económico, derecho penal macroeconómico y derecho penal de la empresa, además de una metodología común de aproximación y tipificación de estos fenómenos, y un más fluido ejercicio de las garantías del Estado democrático social de derecho.

Immigration Criminal Law should be more appropriately called "Criminal Law of the Irregular Immigrant", since it shows to essentially be based on the criminalization of mere subjective "status", rather than offensive managements of legal goods. Indeed, behind the protective shelter of an apparent balance between the need to legally protect human rights and the interest in controlling the migratory flow, the system of incriminations in this sector seems to be deeply imbalanced towards the punishment of types of perpetrators who are socially dangerous. It is namely a matter of model of criminal law very similar to the well known standard of " Criminal Law of the Enemy". The inspiring "ratio" of the discipline hasn't even changed following its adjustment due to the obligation forced by the 2008/115/CE European legislation, decided with Law n.129 of August 2nd 2011. As a matter of fact this didn't determine a total improvement of the system in a form of compliance to the fundamental principles of legal law, but on the contrary it expanded the ancillary function of criminal law towards the legal action of repatriation, without, on the other hand, removing the irrational aspects of the repressive decisions made by the Italian legislator.

In the modern history of Western Civilisation, the term "terrorism" has been used without the appropriate care, making it a very vague and diffuse one. On the other hand, a more precise concept –which is similar to the partisan described by Carl Schmitt- ; En la historia moderna de la civilización occidental, el término "terrorismo" ha sido utilizado sin escrúpulos, haciéndolo bastante vago y difuso. En contraposición, se propone un concepto –cercano al de partisano de Carl Schmitt- más concreto y objetivo

Conferencia pronunciada en la Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación (Madrid), el día 19 de marzo de 2014 ; El presente trabajo aborda la razón de ser de la legislación penal, esto es, el porqué de una determinada normativa en un momento concreto y cómo se diseña y elabora la reforma de la misma por el legislador, o la creación de una nueva ley con un fundamento ideológico concreto en el marco del Estado de Derecho. ; This article discusses the rationale of criminal law, that is why there is a certain standard at a particular time and how it is designed and made reform of the law by the legislature, or as creating a designing new law with a particular ideological foundation under the rule of law. ; 1. MOTIVACIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA; 2. LA CODIFICACIÓN. PRINCIPIOS INFORMADORES; 3. LA INFLUENCIA DE LA REALIDAD SOCIAL; 4. EL EMOTIVISMO COMO MALA TÉCNICA LEGISLATIVA.

3.3 LOS TRATADOS DE PAZ Y EL FRACASO DE (...)4.1 LA DOCTRINA NACIENTE; 4.2 EL MEMORÁNDUM DE SAN FRANCISCO; 4.3 EL PROCESO DE FORMACIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO (...); 4.4 ANÁLISIS DEL ART. 6 C DEL ESTATUTO (...); 4.5 EL PROCESO DE NÚREMBERG; 4.6 LA LEY DE CONTROL ALIADO Nð 10 Y LOS (...); 5.1 LA LABOR DE LA INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION; 5.2 LOS PRINCIPIOS DE NÚREMBERG; 5.3 EL CÓDIGO DE OFENSAS INTERNACIONALES (...); 6.1 EL PROCESO DE CREACIÓN DE LOS TRIBUNALES (...); 6.2 LA TIPIFICACIÓN DEL CRIMEN CONTRA LA (...); 6.3 LA INTERPRETACIÓN JURISPRUDENCIAL DE (...).

El trabajo ante el que nos encontramos tiene como finalidad sumergirnos en el Derecho Penal Militar de España. Para ello, es necesaria una pequeña introducción histórica, continuando con el Derecho Procesal Militar, el Código Penal, las sanciones disciplinarias, Derecho Penitenciario Militar y, por último estableciendo la relación entre la Administración Penitenciaria y el sujeto penado. Notable importancia supone la mención a la jurisdicción castrense en nuestra Constitución, al igual que la necesaria condición de militar en los delitos del ámbito castrense, la competencia en tiempos de paz y en tiempos de guerra, el régimen y el tratamiento en prisión, y, la premisa básica de disciplina, jerarquía y cohesión en las Fuerzas Armadas. Finalmente, todo en conjunto nos permitirá conocer esta jurisdicción tan desconocida en las Universidades Españolas y en el día a día de un civil. ; The present project we are working on is aimed at immersing ourselves in the Spanish Military Criminal Law. Therefore, an analysis will be made on the historical introduction, continuing with the Military Procedural Law, the Penal Code, disciplinary sanctions, Military Penitentiary Law, and finally establishing the relationship between the Penitentiary Administration and the subject punished. Remarkably important is mentioning the military jurisdiction in our Constitution, as well as the necessary military status in military crimes, competition in times of peace and in times of war, regime and treatment in prison, and the basic premise of discipline, hierarchy, and cohesion in the Armed Forces. Finally, everything together will allow Spanish universities and citizens to understand the components of this jurisdiction. ; Máster Universitario en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogado (M155)