Suchergebnisse

The article investigates and carries out their comparative analysis of the features of the subject of a criminal offense under the criminal law of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland.The age of the criminal offender is a key feature in the criminal law of Ukraine and in the criminal law of the Republic of Poland. The general age of the subject of the criminal offense is 17 years old under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland while the age of criminal responsibility under Ukrainian law is 16 years old. However, the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - the Criminal Code) and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland both provide a special age of criminal liability, which is 15 years under the criminal law of the Republic of Poland and 14 years under the criminal law of Ukraine. On the grounds of above-mentioned features of the subject of a criminal offense, the classification of criminal offenses into respective groups was carried out.The classification groups of criminal offenses according to the type of the subject were distinguished into individual criminal offenses, widespread criminal offenses, and multilateral criminal offenses.The problems of the institution of criminal liability of the collective subject in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Poland were also considered. The issue in the Criminal Law doctrine of the Republic of Poland is quite debatable since it follows from the feature of the subject of the criminal offense that is enshrined by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland that it can only be a natural person. However, in parallel with the criminal law of the Republic of Poland, the Act on the liability of collective entities for acts prohibited under penalty that came into force on October 22, 2002, is also in force. The Act sets out the institute of collective responsibility and the possibility of considering a legal entity as a subject of the criminal offense. That is in contradistinction to the criminal law of Ukraine, which clearly states that only a natural person can be a subject of the criminal offense.As for legal persons, they can be a subject to criminal law measures, but they can't be the subject of a criminal offense.Appropriate scientific intelligence within the legal systems of the two states has made it possible to examine highly mentioned issues in terms of different doctrinal and legislative concepts. ; Досліджено ознаки суб'єкта кримінального правопорушення у кримінальному праві України та Республіки Польща, проведено їх порівняльний аналіз. За відповідними озна­ками класифіковано кримінальні правопорушення на групи і підгрупи. Розглянуто також частково проблематику інституту кримінальної відповідальності колективного суб'єкта у кримінальному законодавстві Республіки Польща. Оскільки це питання в кримінально-правій доктрині Республіки Польщі є доволі дискусійним, бо з ознак суб'єкта кримінального правопорушення, які закріпленні у чинному Кримінальному кодексі Республіки Польща, випливає, що ним може бути лише фізична особа. Проте паралельно з кримінальним зако­ном Республіки Польща діє Закон Республіки Польща «Про відповідальність колективних суб'єктів за заборонені діяння під страхом покарання» від 22 жовтня 2002 року, який запровадив інститут колективного суб'єкта, котрим охоплено і юридичну особу. Відповідне наукове дослідження в межах правових систем двох держав, дало можливість розглянути ці питання з погляду різних доктринальних і законодавчих концепцій.

Муніципальне право як навчальна дисципліна ґрунтується на базі наук конституційного права (в тій частині, що стосується реалізації місцевої самоврядної влади) і муніципального права. Робоча програма навчальної дисципліни «Муніципальне право» включає загальні положення теорії і практики здійснення муніципальної влади як безпосередньо територіальноюгромадою, так і через органи місцевого самоврядування. Особлива увага приділяється міжнародним стандартам місцевого самоврядування. Municipal law as a discipline is based on the constitutional law science (insofar as it relates to the implementation of local self-government authority) and municipal law. The work program of the discipline "Municipal Law" includes the general provisions of the theory and practice of the municipal government implementation, both directly by a territorial community and through the bodies of local self-government. Particular attention is paid to international standards of local self-government.

THE SYSTEM OF SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWAND STANDARDS AS ITS COMPONENTB. KovalenkoAbstract. The paper entitled "The system of sources of environmental law and standards as its component" deals with study of the environmental standards as part of the system of sources of environmental law in Ukraine. The author is B. Kovalenko. The article describes several definitions of systems of sources of law and sources of ecological law. Features of systems of sources of law and sources of ecological law have been researched. Author explores as the main sources of environmental law such components: domestic regulations, international treaties and environmental standards. Special attention is paid to consideration of features of environmental standards as part of system of sources of ecological law. Such features of sources of ecological law as international legal orientation, binding implementation, normativity have been researched. The legal system is considered by the author in terms of natural law understanding. The essential point of the article is researched the influence of environmental standards on the Ukrainian legislation. Although environmental standards do not make changes to certain laws of Ukraine, but the continuous improvement of national standards and implement European Union sets the direction for the formation of general environmental legislation of Ukraine.Keywords: sources of law, legal system, the system of sources of environmental law, standards, environmental standards.

The article is devoted to the study of the court's approaches to invalidation of fictitious gift agreements concluded with the purpose of concealing the debtor's property, and determination of directions of improvement of the legislation on the specified question.The general principles of law, which may or may not be expressed in the texts of written law, are considered, but have a general character and are necessarily applied in judicial practice. The article analyses the judicial practice on this issue.The role of the Supreme Court in ensuring the formation of sustainable judicial practice is defined. It is emphasized that the proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice. The proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice.It is concluded that the problem of forming a unified law enforcement practice is that lower courts do not always refer to the general principles of law and judicial practice, and sometimes try to establish the intent of both the donor and the donee.This situation has developed due to the lack of detail by the legislator of the issue of invalidation of these contracts and, therefore, the need to address the "judicial precedent", which is provided, in particular, article 13 of the Law of Ukraine "On the judicial system and status of judges". The classical attribution of Ukraine to the Romano-German legal family, where it contributed to the formation of the idea of the domestic system of sources of law, as exclusively a system of normative legal acts. The Ukrainian legislator, realizing the need to develop a sustainable judicial practice, determined that the rules of law contained in the decisions of the Supreme Court are taken into account by other courts.Given this, it is proposed to detail the legislative provisions on the place and role of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law of Ukraine. ; Статья посвящена изучению подходов суда к признанию недействительными фиктивных договоров дарения, заключенных с целью сокрытия имущества должника. Проанализирована судебная практика по данному вопросу. Определена роль Верховного Суда в обеспечении формирования устойчивой судебной практики. Предлагается детализировать законодательные положения относительно места и роли судебного прецедента в системе источников права Украины. ; Статтю присвячено вивченню підходів суду до визнання недійсними фіктивних договорів дарування, укладених з метою приховання майна боржника. Проаналізовано судову практику із зазначеного питання. Визначено роль Верховного Суду у забезпеченні формування сталої судової практики. Запропоновано деталізувати законодавчі положення щодо місця та ролі судового прецеденту в системі джерел права України.

The article is devoted to the study of the court's approaches to invalidation of fictitious gift agreements concluded with the purpose of concealing the debtor's property, and determination of directions of improvement of the legislation on the specified question.The general principles of law, which may or may not be expressed in the texts of written law, are considered, but have a general character and are necessarily applied in judicial practice. The article analyses the judicial practice on this issue.The role of the Supreme Court in ensuring the formation of sustainable judicial practice is defined. It is emphasized that the proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice. The proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice.It is concluded that the problem of forming a unified law enforcement practice is that lower courts do not always refer to the general principles of law and judicial practice, and sometimes try to establish the intent of both the donor and the donee.This situation has developed due to the lack of detail by the legislator of the issue of invalidation of these contracts and, therefore, the need to address the "judicial precedent", which is provided, in particular, article 13 of the Law of Ukraine "On the judicial system and status of judges". The classical attribution of Ukraine to the Romano-German legal family, where it contributed to the formation of the idea of the domestic system of sources of law, as exclusively a system of normative legal acts. The Ukrainian legislator, realizing the need to develop a sustainable judicial practice, determined that the rules of law contained in the decisions of the Supreme Court are taken into account by other courts.Given this, it is proposed to detail the legislative provisions on the place and role of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law of Ukraine. ; Статья посвящена изучению подходов суда к признанию недействительными фиктивных договоров дарения, заключенных с целью сокрытия имущества должника. Проанализирована судебная практика по данному вопросу. Определена роль Верховного Суда в обеспечении формирования устойчивой судебной практики. Предлагается детализировать законодательные положения относительно места и роли судебного прецедента в системе источников права Украины. ; Статтю присвячено вивченню підходів суду до визнання недійсними фіктивних договорів дарування, укладених з метою приховання майна боржника. Проаналізовано судову практику із зазначеного питання. Визначено роль Верховного Суду у забезпеченні формування сталої судової практики. Запропоновано деталізувати законодавчі положення щодо місця та ролі судового прецеденту в системі джерел права України.

The article is devoted to the study of the court's approaches to invalidation of fictitious gift agreements concluded with the purpose of concealing the debtor's property, and determination of directions of improvement of the legislation on the specified question.The general principles of law, which may or may not be expressed in the texts of written law, are considered, but have a general character and are necessarily applied in judicial practice. The article analyses the judicial practice on this issue.The role of the Supreme Court in ensuring the formation of sustainable judicial practice is defined. It is emphasized that the proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice. The proper performance of such a duty will contribute to its predictability, the embodiment of the principle of legal certainty and the implementation of the doctrine of the permanence of justice.It is concluded that the problem of forming a unified law enforcement practice is that lower courts do not always refer to the general principles of law and judicial practice, and sometimes try to establish the intent of both the donor and the donee.This situation has developed due to the lack of detail by the legislator of the issue of invalidation of these contracts and, therefore, the need to address the "judicial precedent", which is provided, in particular, article 13 of the Law of Ukraine "On the judicial system and status of judges". The classical attribution of Ukraine to the Romano-German legal family, where it contributed to the formation of the idea of the domestic system of sources of law, as exclusively a system of normative legal acts. The Ukrainian legislator, realizing the need to develop a sustainable judicial practice, determined that the rules of law contained in the decisions of the Supreme Court are taken into account by other courts.Given this, it is proposed to detail the legislative provisions on the place and role of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law of Ukraine. ; Статья посвящена изучению подходов суда к признанию недействительными фиктивных договоров дарения, заключенных с целью сокрытия имущества должника. Проанализирована судебная практика по данному вопросу. Определена роль Верховного Суда в обеспечении формирования устойчивой судебной практики. Предлагается детализировать законодательные положения относительно места и роли судебного прецедента в системе источников права Украины. ; Статтю присвячено вивченню підходів суду до визнання недійсними фіктивних договорів дарування, укладених з метою приховання майна боржника. Проаналізовано судову практику із зазначеного питання. Визначено роль Верховного Суду у забезпеченні формування сталої судової практики. Запропоновано деталізувати законодавчі положення щодо місця та ролі судового прецеденту в системі джерел права України.

The article is devoted to the consideration of environmental and legal problems of ensuring environmental safety, realization of environmental rights and satisfaction of interests, use of natural resource potential under martial law. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive study and analysis of environmental legislation considering the imposition of martial law. In view of this, the methodological basis of the article is a complex of general philosophical, general scientific, special scientific and actual legal methods. It is argued that the environmental function of the state to ensure environmental security, environmentally balanced nature management and to maintain environmental balance in Ukraine should be the modern narrative, which will contribute to the formation of a new environmental order under martial law for Ukraine and Europe. The original definition of the state environmental policy under martial law is formulated. It is proposed to improve the compensation system for damage caused by Russia's aggression to the environment, citizens' environmental rights and interests, as well as to optimize the institutional and legal framework for environmental security under martial law. Based on our own conclusions and summaries, several suggestions and recommendations to improve the current national legislation are provided. It is proved that at the legislative level there should be clear mechanisms for legal protection of environmental rights and interests of citizens during hostilities. It is found that proper ensuring Ukraine sovereignty under martial law is impossible without considering a number of environmental and legal factors: (a) further improvement of the legal framework of the mechanism for the realization and protection of environmental human rights and interests; (b) establishing effective legal guarantees for environmental security; (c) improvement of the legal regime of use, reproduction (restoration) and protection of natural resources and complexes, all natural and resource potential ...

This article deals with the evaluation of some of the new and significantly modified concepts included in the Tax Ordinance bill. The proposed bill introduces a number of previously non-existent regulations (e.g. non-executive forms of settlement) into the general tax law, it codifies the general principles of the tax law, and substantially modifies some of the existing regulations (e.g. statutes of limitation, correction of declarations). The purpose of the publication is to clarify these regulations and to indicate possible changes, which the author finds essential, to the proposed legislation. ; Artykuł poświęcony jest ocenie niektórych nowych oraz istotnie zmodyfikowanych instytucji, zawartych w projekcie ustawy Ordynacja podatkowa. Przedstawiony projekt wprowadza bowiem do ogólnego prawa podatkowego szereg instytucji dotychczas w nim nieistniejących (np. niewładcze formy załatwiania spraw), kodyfikuje ogólne zasady prawa podatkowego, a także w sposób istotny modyfikuje niektóre z obecnie obowiązujących przepisów (np. przedawnienie, korygowanie deklaracji). Celem publikacji jest przybliżenie tych instytucji oraz wskazanie ewentualnych niezbędnych, zdaniem autorki, zmian proponowanych przepisów

The purpose of the article is to determine the forms of implementation of the principles of criminal law in the acts of criminal law. Methods. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of the research. The general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of real legal phenomena is viewed as the main one among other methodological tools. Special research methods used in the study are: the method of systematic analysis, formal legal, interpretation of law, comparative law and modelling methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the latest scientific works in the chosen field of research. Results. As proved during the analysis of law enforcement acts, criminal law principles have their reflection and content in the acts of application and implementation of criminal law. Each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. Acts of implementation of the rules of criminal law are "manifestations" of the actual behaviour of the subjects of criminal law. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, each individual act of application or implementation of criminal law takes into account the relevant set of principles that complement each other and provide law enforcement agencies with comprehensive tools to reflect in such acts of objectively existing social relations. These are the acts of application of criminal law that embody the greatest number of principles of criminal law mainly due to the reflection of the latter in the documents drawn up by law enforcement agencies (indictments, petitions for coercive measures of medical or educational nature, convictions, rulings, etc.). Keywords: principles of criminal law; acts of implementation of criminal law; acts of application of criminal law.

Respect for the hierarchy of laws is fundamental to the rule of law, as it dictates how the different levels of law will apply in practice. In general, the fundamental levels of hierarchy consist of: a constitution or founding document; statutes or legislation; regulations; and procedures. Specific classification of law acts testifies not only to the structural hierarchy and complexity of the structure of legislation, but also to the corresponding structuring of the rules of law technique, which applied according to the needs of preparation of a particular type of documents: orders, decisions, orders, rules, instructions, regulations, etc. ; Розглянуто лінгвоцентричний аспект складання процесуальних актів кримінального судочинства. Визначено й систематизовано мовностилістичні особливості юридичних текстів. Формально-лінгвістичний метод дозволив опрацювати норми чинних КК та КПК України, підготувати низку пропозицій щодо вдосконалення юридичних текстів України. Установлено, що процес мовної діяльності носіїв мови опредметнюється в текстах, створених за різними моделями, у яких неоднаково реалізується потенціал дериваційного функціонування слова.

Ukrainian legislation on administrative procedure has not been systematized until now. One can find legal norms of administrative procedural nature in a various laws and by-laws (that is even worse). Only some of these pieces of legislation implement European standards of good administration while the others practically lack it.The article deals with the three principal systematization`s models of legislation on administrative procedure: adopting of a new general law (code), however sector specific laws in certain areas (for example, taxation) will have higher legal force; adopting of a new general law (code) with the priority over sector specific laws in certain areas; refusal to adopt a general law (code) and adopting of new or amending of sector specific laws in certain areas that are supposed to implement general principles of administrative procedure in every piece of legislation.The author analyzes advantages and possible failures of above mentioned systematization`s models of legislation on administrative procedure and comes to the conclusion that the first one is more realistic and thus preferable for implementation into Ukrainian legislation. Such the way is also based on the latest developments of administrative procedure`s doctrine and on numeral soft law documents that were adopted by the Council of Europe and the European Union during last decade. For example, European Parliament resolution of 15 January 2013 with recommendations to the Commission on a Law of Administrative Procedure of the European Union foresee that future regulation should include a universal set of principles and should lay down a procedure applicable as a de minimis rule where no lex specialis exists. Besides, the guarantees afforded to persons in sectoral instruments must never provide less protection than those provided for in the general regulation.At the same time, any of three proposed systematization`s models must reinforce requirements of a right to good administration directly connected to the standards on administrative procedure.Up to the author`s position, the worst scenario for Ukrainian legislation on administrative procedure is saving of status quo, when sector specific laws and by-laws in certain areas foresee some contemporary standards of good administration while normative acts in the other areas do not foresee it or implement only some elements of above mentioned standards. Such a situation has nothing in common with the systematization of legislation of administrative procedure and hopefully will be changed. ; Адміністративно-процедурне законодавство в Україні до цього часу залишається несис­тематизованим. Адміністративно-процедурні норми містяться у величезній кількості як зако­нодавчих, так і підзаконних нормативно-правових актів, у яких стандарти доброго (належного) адміністрування закріплені далеко не однаковою мірою, а подекуди – практично відсутні.Розглянуто три основні моделі систематизації адміністративно-процедурного законо­давства: ухвалення загального закону (кодексу) про адміністративну процедуру зі збережен­ням пріоритету спеціального законодавства; ухвалення такого ж загального закону (кодексу), але з вищою юридичною силою стосовно відповідного спеціального законодавства; продов­ження ухвалення спеціального адміністративно-процедурного законодавства для певних сфер суспільних відносин або ж для окремих органів публічної адміністрації, однак із запровадженням загальних принципів адміністративної процедури в юридичні норми кожного спеціального законодавчого акта. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки кожної із запропоно­ваних моделей систематизації та виявлено переваги використання в Україні першого із названих варіантів.

The master's thesis examines the general legal characteristics of environmental law enforcement and control methods in this area, the concept of "environmental law and order", and its content, highlighted the components of the environmental sphere. The characteristic of the current national and international legislation on the regulation of legal relations in ensuring environmental law and order is given. The content and significance of the state ecological control and management are investigated, the methods of their implementation are determined. Based on the analysis of legislation and scientific literature, the directions of reforming the system of environmental law and order are proposed. ; У магістерській роботі досліджується загально-правова характеристика забезпечення екологічного правопорядку та методів контролю у цій сфері, поняття «екологічного правопорядку», та його змісту, виділено складові екологічної сфери. Надано характеристику чинному національному та міжнародному законодавству з питань регулювання правовідносин при забезпеченні екологічного правопорядку. Досліджено зміст та значення державного екологічного контролю та управління, визначено методи їх здійснення. На підставі аналізу законодавства та наукової літератури, запропоновано напрямки реформування системи забезпечення екологічного правопорядку.

Purpose: of the article is an investigation of the essence of such notion as «legal feeling» as an essential element during law enforcement realization by public authorities and also the characteristic of its role and value for providing the legal regulation mechanism in general. Methods of research: methodology base of research includes hard science and specially legal methods of recognizion, the using of such methods allowed to analyze different conceptual approaches to the creating ideas as for correlation of intelligence and insight, legal feeling impact, legal emotions and thinking on the process of recognizion and using law. Results: the result of such scientific work became the development of theoretical provisions, due to which the definition of legal feeling was formed as a socio psychological (emotional) human attitude to the law, legal validity, legal attribution and adjustments, based on universally recognized ideal of goodness and justice.It was also proved by authors the meaning of legal feeling for construction and functioning of integrated, effective and inclusive system of public authorities, in particular due to its ability to implement the law into more powerfull instrument, which is capable for providing social justice and keeping rule of law. Discussion: legal feeling is a compound socio psychological phenomenon which exist in every individual, society in general throught the history of its development. Its role in modern conditions may and must be strenghened in all areas, as it is one of the important prerequsites for creation of legal state and democratic society. Researched scientific ideas have an important meaning for implementation of public authority work. Its implementation in the process of accepting legal decisions causes the development of emotional intelligence and motivate employees of public authorities pay attention to their professional etiquette, it contributes a sign of respect toward people, spreading a social access to justice, their opportunity to take part in public ...

Purpose: qualification of a criminal offense «Exception of power or official authorities by a law enforcement officer», criminal-legal characteristics of the offense and features of qualification and development of recommendations for the investigation of this criminal offense. Research methods: a set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge – terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative. Results: the law enforcement officer is aware that he is using his official position against the interests of the service, he is also aware that when exceeding power, he clearly goes beyond the powers granted, which determines the specifics of this criminal offense. An attempt has been made by the legislator to single out certain special types of exception of power or official authorities from the abuse of power or official position. Discussion: it is emphasized that the criminal nature of the actions of a law enforcement official in exception of power or official authorities is expressed in the fact that the official commits an act in the service that is not within its competence. This is the fundamental difference between this criminal offense and abuse of power or official authorities, in which an official, within his powers defined by law, uses them against the interests of the service. Unlike the general abuse of power or official position (Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), exception of power or official authorities cannot be manifested in inaction. Its objective side is characterized only by the commission of an action by an official. Exception of power or official authorities by a law enforcement officer to one degree or another exists in any society. Consider this phenomenon from the standpoint of the sociology of deviant behavior. Deviant behavior is an act, human activity, social phenomenon that does not meet the existing norms, stereotypes, patterns of behavior in this society. ; Мета: кваліфікація кримінального правопорушення «Перевищення влади або ...

The author establishes the essence of the concept of the rule of law at the doctrinal level. The author concludes that it is expedient to study the rule of law as a legal category, as a legal doctrine in the context of an integral part of the genesis of the concept of the rule of law at the doctrinal level. There is a historical periodization of the formation of the idea of the rule of law in the context of the construction of a modern rule of law. It is suggested by understanding the principle of the rule of law for doctrinal equality through the method of realizing the principle of the rule of law in the system of theoretical knowledge. The concept of the category of the rule of law is defined on the basis of the provincial, traditional Ukrainian and foreign theoretical doctrine. The principle of the rule of law in the image of the law and the role of law in powers and suspensions; signification of legal rights and powers; legal rights and policies; legal rights and economics; relationship rights and morality; legal rights and traditions have been justified. Approaches to determine the substantive workload of the rule of law, which became the property of not only legal educational literature, but also monographs and dissertations, were stressed for the normal civil society. It is emphasized, that the principle of the rule of law is the basis, basis and guiding principles of a doctrinal understanding of the fullness of the concept of the rule of law in general. It is established that the issues, outlined today, are more than relevant, and therefore the prospects for their development are a dynamic phenomenon that requires attention, research and change, in accordance with the state and political and social mood of the society on an ongoing basis.