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This paper argues that the occurrence of a non-native species, such as purple loosestrife, on one's property does not constitute a nuisance in the context of background principles of common law. No one is injured by it. The control of non-native species, such as purple loosestrife, does not constitute a compelling public interest, moreover, but represents primarily the concern of an epistemic community of conservation biologists and ecologists. This paper describes a history of cases in agricultural law that establish that a public authority may enter private property to destroy a tree or other species but only to protect a compelling public interest, such as the apple industry in Virginia or the citrus industry in Florida, and only if it pays all the costs including just compensation. The paper argues a fortiori that if a public authority enters private property to control non-native or "invasive" species it must pay all the costs and indemnify the owner—contrary to what many state laws contemplate and the Environmental Law Institute recommends.

Ненадлежащее качество государственного управления связано не только с недостатками отдельных регулирующих его нормативных правовых актов, но и в целом с несистемностью его законодательного регулирования. Как представляется, несистемность может быть преодолена путем разработки и принятия базового, системообразующего федерального закона о российском государственном управлении. В этих целях в Центре технологий государственного управления Российской Академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации были подготовлены Концепция проекта федерального закона об основах государственного управления в Российской Федерации и предложения по разработке этого законопроекта. Предмет правового регулирования законопроекта общественные отношения в сфере государственного управления на всех стадиях его управленческого цикла. Закон должен создать правовую основу для последовательной ориентации на достижение адекватно понимаемых общественно значимых результатов всех стадий, форм и уровней процесса государственного управления. По сути, проектируемый законопроект должен стать федеральным законом о государственном управлении по результатам, в том числе и в рамках стратегического планирования, в отношении целей и результатов развития. ; The improper quality of public administration is not only connected with the faults of some normative legal acts which regulate its activity, but, on the whole, with the inconsystancy of its legislative regulation. This is suggested to be possible to overcome by designing and passing a fundamental system-forming federal law on public administration in Russia. For this aim the Centre for Public Administration Technologies in the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration has prepared the Concept of the Draft Federal Law( the Bill) on the fundamentals of public administration in the RF and proposals for the preparing of this bill. The subject matter of the normative regulation of the bill is social relations in the field of public administration at all stages of its regulation cycle. The law is to create the legal basis for the successive orientation toward achieving adequately perceived socially important results at all stages, of all forms and levels of public administration processes. In essence, the draft law is to become the Federal law on performance management of public authorities, within the frame of strategic planning as well, objectives and results of development.

This article presents a survery of the competence of the institutional system that regulates the provision of public information in Lithuania as well as ascertains the functional aspects of self-regulation institutions in the area of the provision of public information. Those factors are regulated by the Law on the Provision of Public Information. Three aspects of functional competencies of institutions – political, juridical and ethical are abstracted. The basic principles of professional ethical codes and requirements for the contents and form of such documents are also considered being important. The aim of the article is to analyse the quality of the content of Law on the Provision of Public Information and to compare its rules with the Code of Ethics of Lithuanian journalists and publishers. A detailed analysis of the content of the Code of Ethics of Lithuanian journalists and publishers leads to a conclusion that the content and form of this document setting down regulations on which journalists' ethics in the area of public information is based, only partially covers the common principles of codes of professional ethics. A significant factor for making such conclusion is that the Code of Ethics of Lithuanian journalists and publishers is not a code intended for one professional group only. Although journalists, as well as organisers of public information, participate in the same field of the provision of information, there are differences in their juridical status. Investigation has revealed that a document regulating the professional ethics of two different groups in the area of the provision of public information does not involve the whole cohesive purposes as is recommended for such documents. This is caused by a factor that articles in the Code of Ethics of Lithuanian journalists and publishers often use the rules of law, and their basic content elements repeat the rules of laws in the same way as they are defined by the Law on the Provision of Public Information, Law on the Protection of Minors ...

<p>O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a atuação, legalidade e eficiência das organizações sociais. Uma vez que, esta tem sido motivo de intensos questionamentos, por parte daqueles que não enxergam benefícios na criação de um terceiro setor econômico. Há quem defenda que, é dever exclusivo do poder público, executar e fiscalizar os serviços sociais. A contrário senso há quem defenda uma publicização dos serviços que não são executados apenas pelo poder estatal, mas também pelo setor privado. Sendo assim, porque contrariar uma parceria publico-privada que só objetiva trazer benefícios para a população brasileira?</p><p>No decorrer deste estudo, será respondido tal questionamento, por meio de reflexões acerca das discussões e alegações de inconstitucionalidade da lei 9.637/98, de parte da lei de licitações ─ 8.666/93. Bem como, da suposta violação dos seguintes preceitos constitucionais: artigo 5ª, XVII e XVIII; artigo 22, XXVII; artigo 23; artigo 37, II, X e XXI; artigo 40, caput e § 4º; artigos 70, 71 e 74; artigo 129; artigo 169; artigo 175; artigo 196; artigo 197; artigo 199, § 1º; artigo 205; artigo 206; artigo 208; artigo 209; artigo 215; artigo 216, § 1º; artigo 218 e artigo 225. Onde será comprovado por meio de dados percentuais a eficiência e os benefícios advindos da sua criação.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>This paper aims to analyze the performance, legality and efficiency of social organizations. Since this has been the subject of intense questions from those who do not see benefits in the creation of a third economic sector. There are those who argue that it is the exclusive responsibility of the public authorities to execute and supervise social services. On the contrary, there are those who advocate an advertisement of services that are not only carried out by state power, but also by the private sector. So, why oppose a public-private partnership that only aims to bring benefits to the Brazilian population?</p><p>In the course of this study, this question will be answered, through reflections on the discussions and allegations of unconstitutionality of Law 9.637 / 98, part of the law of bidding - 8.666 / 93. As well as the alleged violation of the following constitutional precepts: Article 5, XVII and XVIII; article 22, XXVII; Article 23; Article 37, II, X and XXI; article 40, caput and paragraph 4; Articles 70, 71 and 74; article 129; Article 169; article 175; Article 196; article 197; article 199, paragraph 1; Article 205; Article 206; article 208; Article 209; Article 215; article 216, paragraph 1; article 218 and article 225. Where will be proven by means of percentage data the efficiency and the benefits coming from its creation.mptions that justify the use of them with greater efficiency in the achievement of the public interest.</p>

A discrepancy in corruption levels may be observed between Western European states and the post-communist states of Central and (South) Eastern Europe. In order to find out whether this discrepancy corresponds with a discrepancy in legal provisions, we embarked upon a comparative exercise aimed at exploring the implementation of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption in a consolidated Western European democracy (the Netherlands) and a young South Eastern European democracy (Albania). Obviously, compliance with international conventions is highly important for addressing the worldwide and cross-border nature of corruption. Our paper focuses on the clarity and accessibility of the substantive criminal legislation concerning corruption from the point of view of legal certainty. We successively discuss the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, the Albanian provisions on the passive bribery of public officials and the Dutch provisions on the passive bribery of public officials. It is concluded that a generally good legal framework seems to be in place in both countries and that the anti-corruption legislation is on the whole in line with the requirements of the Convention. Some problems may be observed in relation to legal certainty. However, it seems that the discrepancies in the legislation and the problems with legal certainty are relatively minor and therefore can hardly clarify the discrepancy in corruption levels.

Philip Pettit, in Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government (1997), draws on the historiography of classical republicanism developed by the Cambridge Contextual Historians, John Pocock & Quentin Skinner, to set up a program for the recovery of the Roman republican notion of freedom, as freedom from domination. But it is my purpose to show that classical republicanism, as a theory of institutional complexity & balanced government, could not, & did not, lay exclusive claim to freedom from domination as a defining value. Positive freedom was a concept ubiquitous in Roman law & promulgated in natural law as a universal human right, & it was just the ubiquitousness of this right to freedom, honored more often in the breach than the observance, that prompted the scorn of early modern proto-feminists like Mary Astell & Judith Drake. The division of society into public & private spheres, which liberalism entrenched, precisely allowed democrats in the public sphere full rein as tyrants in the domestic sphere of the family, as these women were perspicacious enough to observe. When republicanism is defined in exclusively normative terms, the rich institutional contextualism drops away, leaving no room for the issues it was designed to address: the problematic relation between values & institutions that lies at the heart of individual freedoms. 77 References. Adapted from the source document.

Determining whether the Iran-US Claims Tribunal (the Tribunal) is a truly public international tribunal is not merely an interesting theoretical exercise. The Tribunal's legal character has significant ramifications, for example on enforceability at the international level, the applicability and scope of res judicata regarding dismissed claims, and the evidentiary value of its jurisprudence, particularly pursuant to Article 38(1) of the ICJ statute. This title explores the legal character of the Tribunal and its status under the law of peaceful settlement of international disputes. The public or private nature of the Tribunal is a matter of significant controversy. Certain peculiarities of the Tribunal, namely its accessibility to private claimants, the exclusion of the exhaustion of local remedy rule, and the regime provided for the execution of its awards suggests that it is not, in fact, wholly public. Conversely, the author analyses the Tribunal under a three-part test for public international character - (1) international treaty as origin, (2) applicable law international in nature, (3) controlling parties subject to international law - and finds that it meets all three criteria. In doing so, the author admittedly counters the apparent position of the Tribunal itself that its nature is a hybrid of both public and private elements. The International Law Character of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal includes: - a historical survey on international tribunals; an analysis of the adverse arguments; and - a detailed discussion of the Tribunal's practice on expropriation cases to give a concrete example of its functioning on international law level, is considered in detail in Part Three. The controversial nature of the author's thesis, the thoroughness of the analysis, and the importance of the Tribunal itself make this a book of interest and import for academics who keep abreast of international law developments

Problems in the implementation of inheritance are still common in the community today. This is due to the lack of public understanding of the procedures for the implementation of inheritance and the lack of public awareness to learn the provisions in the Compilation of Islamic Law regarding the procedures for the distribution of inheritance and the lack of socialization carried out by the Village Government and the Office of Religious Affairs towards the community regarding how to carry out the distribution of inheritance. One problem that occurs in the implementation of the distribution of inheritance is regarding an uncle who also gets a share of the inheritance even though all the main heirs of the testator are still complete and the last child gets more share of the inheritance even though the last child is a girl who has a daughter other siblings, the size of each heir is determined by an uncle. The research method used in this study is the law of sociological research. The data collection technique used is the method of observation, interview, questionnaire, and literature review. The results of this study are that the implementation of inheritance distribution implemented by Kualu Village community is still wrong and not in accordance with the provisions contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law. The inhibiting factor is the lack of knowledge and public insights on how to carry out the correct distribution of inheritance according to the compilation of Islamic law. Efforts should be made to hold socialization to the public about how the implementation of the distribution of inheritance is good and right according to the compilation of Islamic law, and increase public awareness to learn more about how to carry out the distribution of inheritance according to Islamic law compilation.

Intro -- Preface to the First Edition, 2012 -- Preface to the Second Edition, 2016 -- Preface to the Third Edition, 2021 -- Preface to the Fourth Edition, 2024 -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Legislation -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The Concept, Nature and Development of Private International Law -- 1.2. Sources of Private International Law -- 1.3. The Three Processes of Private International Law, and Standard 'Connecting Factors' -- 1.4. Characterisation, Renvoi and the 'Incidental' Issue or Vorfrage -- 1.5. Forum Shopping and Forum Non Conveniens -- 1.6. The Impact of European Law on the Private International Law of the Member States -- 1.7. Brexit -- 2. The Core of European Private International Law: Jurisdiction -- 2.1. Summary -- 2.2. Detailed Review of the Regulation -- 3. The Core of European Private International Law: Applicable Law - Contracts -- 3.1. Summary -- 3.2. Detailed Review of the Regulation -- 4. The Core of European Private International Law: Applicable Law - Non-Contractual Obligations -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. General Principles -- 4.3. Scope of Application -- 4.4. Applicable Law: General Rule - Lex Loci Damni -- 4.5. One General Exception to the General Rule and One Escape Clause -- 4.6. Specific Choice of Law Rules for Specific Non-Contractual Obligations: No Specific Rules for 'Protected Categories' -- 4.7. Freedom to Choose Applicable Law -- 4.8. Scope of the Law Applicable -- 4.9. Contract-Related Tort Claims -- 4.10. 'Overriding' Mandatory Law and Public Order/Ordre Public -- 5. The Insolvency Regulation -- 5.1. The Overall Nature of and Core Approaches to Insolvency and Private International Law -- 5.2. Genesis of the Insolvency Regulation -- 5.3. General Context of the 2015 Amendments -- 5.4. Scope of Application, Dovetailing with the Brussels I Recast and Overall Aim.

States — Exemption from Domestic Jurisdiction — Distinction between Acts of a Private Law and Public Law Character — Confiscation — Nationalization of Private Enterprise — Extra-Territorial Effect of Nationalization — Property Situate in Foreign Territory — Whether Affected by Nationalization of Enterprise.

В статье анализируются ключевые положения модельного закона для государств участников снг «о публично-частном партнерстве» в части проблем правового регулирования процедур отбора частного партнера: автор исследует вопросы допустимости применения переговоров в рамках отбора частного партнера, а также предусмотренные законом процедуры конкурентного диалога и внесения частного (незапрошенного) предложения. ; The article analyses key provisions of procurement procedures of the Model law "on public-private partnership" for member states of the Commonwealth of Independent states adopted on 28 november, 2014 by the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent states. The author discusses the necessity of introduction of special procurement procedures in special legislation on public-private partnership with the procedures being different from procurement procedures in case of concluding state contracts for governmental needs. After the positive answer on necessity of special procurement rules in cases of public-private partnership the author analyses procurement procedures established in the Model law. special attention is given to the use of negotiations and the practices of competitive dialogue procedure and private (unsolicited) proposals, unknown for the Russian law.

The research Public Policies and Public Governance in Medellín, Strategies for the Consolidation of Public Law with a Territorial Perspective, carried out by the research group Ratio Juris, from the Autónoma Latinoamericana University School of Law from Medellín, developed three components with applied research perspective: Analysis and description of the governmental policy cycles in the Colombian public sector and its specific application to Medellín's public administration; description and implementation of the institutional and territorial factors that link Public Law and public policy in Medellín; and, identification of ten cases representing strategies and practices of politics and pubic agenda. ; La investigación Políticas públicas y gobierno público en Medellín, estrategias de consolidación del Derecho Público con perspectiva territorial, realizada por el Grupo de Investigación Ratio-Juris de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana de Medellín –UNAULA, desarrolló tres componentes con perspectiva de investigación aplicada: Análisis y caracterización de los ciclos de política gubernamental en el sector público colombiano y su específica aplicación en la administración pública de Medellín; caracterización e implementación de los factores institucionales y territoriales que establecen vínculo entre el Derecho Público y la política pública en Medellín; identificación de diez casos que representan estrategias y prácticas de política y agenda pública.

Democratic and republican constitutionalism emphasize, since ancient times, the need for holding governance of public goods legally and democratically accountable in order to limit abuses of public and private powers and protect public goods through legislation, administration, adjudication, 'public reason' and 'republican virtues'. Globalization continues to transform national into transnational public goods and requires constituting, limiting, regulating and justifying multilevel governance institutions so as to transform the 'international law in the books' into multilevel legislative, administrative and judicial protection of transnational public goods. Even though all UN member states have accepted human rights obligations, global democracy is likely to remain a utopia for a long time. This contribution discusses the republican and cosmopolitan principles underlying UN and GATT/WTO law. The 'disconnected UN/WTO governance' needs to be limited by stronger republican and cosmopolitan rights to invoke and enforce human rights and economic agreements in domestic jurisdictions in order to strengthen the legal, democratic and judicial accountability of multilevel governance of transnational public goods and 'link local engagement' with mutually beneficial transnational cooperation among citizens. Comparative institutional analyses confirm that 'cosmopolitan international agreements' empowering citizens and decentralized treaty compliance procedures (e.g. in human rights, commercial, trade, investment and criminal law) have been more effective than 'Westphalian agreements' prioritizing foreign policy discretion of governments over rights and remedies of citizens.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- Table of International Treaties and Instruments -- Table of Legislation and Official Documents -- 1. Introduction -- I. Force, Freedom and Formality: Kant's Philosophy of Right -- II. Methodology: Immanent Critique and Private Law Analogies -- III. Outline of the Book -- IV. Conclusion -- 2. Territorial Extension: Power and Authority in the Wider World -- I. The Post-Lisbon Articles -- II. Bartels and the 'Compliance' Interpretation -- III. Legal Effects and the Spatial Scope of EU Law -- IV. Power and Authority: A Subtle Difference -- V. Conclusion -- 3. The 'Missionary' Principle: A False Start -- I. The Sovereign Trusteeship of Humanity -- II. Harms and Wrongs -- III. Blurred Frontiers: Values and Constitutional Objectives -- IV. Conclusion: Dignity as Independence -- 4. Kant's International Legal Order and the Forms of Private Law -- I. Private Right: The Building Blocks of Kant's General Theory of Law -- II. Public Right: The Fiduciary State -- III. International Law: Property and Personality -- IV. Conclusion -- 5. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction to Provide Global Public Goods -- I. Ripstein's Roads -- II. Global Public Goods -- III. Appraising the EU -- IV. Conclusion -- 6. Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations -- I. Human Rights as Public Fiduciary Rights -- II. Authority and Human Rights Jurisdiction -- III. Territorial Extension and Human Rights Jurisdiction -- IV. Conclusion -- 7. Closing the Courthouse Door: The Standing of Distant Strangers -- I. Standing in EU Law -- II. The EU-Morocco Agreements: Trustees de son tort of Humanity -- III. Polisario and Western Sahara Campaign -- IV. Conclusion -- 8. General Conclusion -- I. Are the EU's Unilateral Assertions of Authority over Distant Strangers Defensible?.