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World Affairs Online
Iranian Parents' Standards for Desirable Child-in-law
In: Journal of family research, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 23-38
ISSN: 2476-7484
Introduction to the iranian legal system and the protection of human rights in Iran
In the context of the Human Rights Dialogue between the European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Bristih Institute of International and Comparative Law undertook a project on "Human Rights in International Law and Iran". One of the outputs of this project is the publication of the present book, designed as a practical guide and reference book for foreign jurists and human rights defenders ... (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)
World Affairs Online
Opportunities and threats to mandatory law of child restraint usage in Iran
Background and Aim: About one-third of Iranian children mortality is caused by injuries from which 36% occur due to road traffic injuries. Using child restraint embedded in vehicles can reduce road traffic fatalities by 71% for neonates and 54% for children. Based on its effectiveness in reduction of fatality and prevention of injury severity, child restraint usage mandatory law is a priority. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess opportunities and threats to mandatory law of child restraint usage in Iran. Materials and Methods: Initially, a mixed methods research is carried out by a phenomenological qualitative study, a discussion session by traffic injuries' stakeholders was performed to assess & discuss the opportunities and threats to mandatory law of child restraint usage in Iran, by brain storming method to find the themes in the related topic. A structured questionnaire is later prepared and completed by the stakeholders in the area of road traffic injuries. Assigned scores of 0-100 were considered for each response and analysis of results was performed according to target themes & the total score of the filled questionnaires.Results: Overall, 28 stakeholders participated in the study. According to the stakeholders, traffic police department obtained the highest score of 90 (from 0-100) as an organization to establish the mandatory law of child restraint usage, and acquired the score of 100 for future enforcement and monitoring. As threats and obstacle to the mandatory law of child restraint usage, lack of television and media campaigns and child restraint law and legislation, obtained the highest scores of 85 & 70 respectively. And family sensitivity to their children's health, officials' support and national facilities for broadcasting, and community awareness to use child restraints had the highest scores among existing opportunities and facilities in the country, by scores of 83, 69 and 68 respectively.Conclusion: Due to sensitivity of the family about their children's health & safety, and officials' support to safety establishment through media campaigns, implementation and applicability of child restraint usage laws and legislations, and subsequent enforcement and monitoring seem practical. ReferencesIsna.ir/fa, 13th May 2012.National Center for Statistics and Analysis. 2003, www.nhtsa.dot.gov.Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. (www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status date of access 12 September 2012.Jacobs G, AaronThomas A, Astrop A. Estimating global road fatalities. London: Transport Research Laboratory, (TRL Report 445), First Published 2000, ISSN 0968-4107. Nantulya VM, Reich MR. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 2002; 324:1139.Ameratunga S, Hijar M, Norton R. Road traffic injuries: confronting disparities to address a global health problem. Lancet 2004; 367:1533-1540.Kopits E, Cropper M. Traffic fatalities and economic growth. Policy Research Working Paper No. 3035. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2003. Available at: http://www.ntl.bts.gov/Lib/24000/24400/24490/25935_wps3 035.pdf. Data of access June 2012.Montazeri A. Road-traffic-related mortality in Iran: A descriptive study. Public Health 2004; 118: 110- 3.Soori H, Masoudinegad M R. Azari R M. Analysis of opportunities and legal obstacle in control of road traffic injury in Iran. Final report. Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention research center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2008.Kahane, C. An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety: The Effectiveness and Benefits of Safety Seats, Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation1986.World report on child injury prevention, World Health Organization 2008. Global Status Report on Road Safety. www.who.int/entity/violence safety./state of road_safety_en.pdf , access28 August.Phyllis F. AGRAN, PAuL F. WEHRL E. Injury Reduction by Mandatory Child Passenger Safety Laws. AJPH 1985; 75(2): 129.Najafi H. Research methodology in educational science and psychology, Tehran, Ahsan, 2007, first edition, page 62.Zaza S, Sleet D A, Thompson R S, Sosin DM , Bolen J C. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats. Am J Prev Med 2001; 21(4 Suppl), 31-47.Desapriya E B, Iwase N, Pike I, Brussoni M, Papsdorf M. Child motor vehicle occupant and pedestrian casualties before and after enactment of child restraint seats legislation in Japan. Inj Control Saf Promot 2004; 11(4): 225-230.Staunton C, Davidson S, Kegler S, DawsonL, Powell K, Dellinger A. Critical gaps in child passenger safety practices, surveillance, and legislation: Georgia, 2001. Pediatrics 2005; 115(2): 372-379.Cameron L, Segedin E, Nuthall G, Thompson J. Safe restraint of the child passenger. J Paediatr Child Health 2006; 42(12): 752-757.Bingham CR, Eby DW, Hockanson HM, Greenspan AI. Factors influencing the use of booster seats: a state-wide survey of parents. Accid Anal Prev. 2006; 38(5):1028-1037.Ehiri J, King W, Ejere H, Mouzon P. Effects of Interventions to Increase Use of Booster Seats in Motor Vehicles for 4-8 Year Olds. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 2006.GunnVL, Phillippi R M, Cooper WO. Improvement in Booster Seat Use in Tennessee. Pediatrics 2007; 119: 131-136.Winston FK, Kallan MJ, Elliott M R, Xie D, Durbin D R. Effect of Booster Seat Laws on Appropriate Restraint Use by Children 4 to 7 Years Old Involved in Crashes. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 2007; 161:270-275.NHTSA. Preliminary Data Indicate That Booster Seat Laws Increase Child Safety Seat Use.Traffic Safety Facts. Traffic Tech, 331. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2007.Robertson L. Automobile seat belt use in selected countries, states and provinces with and without laws requiring belt use. Accid Anal and Prev 1978; 10:5-10.Stulginskas J V, Pless B. Effects of a seat belt law on child restraint use. Am J Dis Child 1983; 137:582-585. Wagenaar A C, Webster D W. Preventing Injuries to Children Through Compulsory Automobile Safety Seat Use, Pediatrics 1986; 78 (4) : 662-672.Decina LE, Lococo KH, Ashburn W, William B, Rose H J. Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws, Draft Final Report, May 2008, www.nhtsa.dot.gov.Connell P M M. An evaluation of the Virginia 2002, Child passenger safety law: determining if the law reduced motor vehicle crash injuries and fatality. Virginia Common wealth University Richmond April, 2009.Seat-belts and child restraints: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners London, FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society, 2009.Istre G R, Stowe M, McCoy M A, Moore B, Culica D, Womack K N, Anderson R J. Anna B. Preventing unintentional injuries in Indigenous children and youth in Canada .Paediatr Child Health 2012; 17(7):393.
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World Affairs Online
One word: 19th century Persian treatise introducing Western codified law
In: Iranian studies series
Objets égyptiens et égyptianisants d'époque achéménide conservés en Iran
In: Collection Persika no 20
Par son rayonnement politico-économique, l'Égypte saïte constitue le plus grand pouvoir des royaumes méditerranéens des 7e-6e siècles av. J.-C. et une source d'inspiration dans la composition multiethnique de l'Empire achéménide. Au-delà des sources écrites, notre compréhension de la réelle position de l'Égypte dans le développement culturel du pouvoir perse est notamment tributaire de l'étude approfondie des témoignages archéologiques révélant l'activité ou l'installation des communautés égyptiennes au centre de l'Empire. Les anciennes fouilles menées dans les principales capitales achéménides (en Perse et Élam) ont mis au jour d'importants vestiges, qui demeuraient jusqu'à ce jour peu connus, voire ignorés pour certains. Les objets égyptiens et égyptianisants issus de ces sites appartiennent majoritairement au contexte royal et attestent l'appropriation des modèles pharaoniques dans la conception de la culture palatiale perse. Ils confirment en somme la contribution de divers corps de métiers égyptiens au fonctionnement de la vie de cour des Grands Rois mais aussi à l'essor architectural de leurs résidences. Le présent catalogue réunit pour la première fois une partie de ces découvertes: celles réparties dans les collections iraniennes. Il offre ainsi une source de référence pour de futures recherches sur les aegyptiaca de Perse conservés à l'extérieur de l'Iran mais aussi pour toutes les études portant sur les relations égypto-perses sous l'Empire achéménide ...
Tārīḫ-i Harāt: sairī dar tārīḫ wa ǧuġrāfiyā-i tārīḫī-i Harāt az rūzgār-i bāstān tā muʿāṣir
In: Tārīḫ 20
In: تاريخ ۲۰
Hazārahā wa ḥākimīyathā-i istibdādī-i ṣad sāl-i aḫīr, Ǧild 1, هزارهها و حاکميتهاى استبدادى صد سال اخير, جلد 1, Hazārahā wa ḥākimīyathā-i istibdādī-i ṣad sāl-i aḫīr: 1901-2001 Mīlādī wa 1280-1380 Ḫūršīdī
In: Hazārahā wa ḥākimīyathā-i istibdādī-i ṣad sāl-i aḫīr Ǧild 1
In: هزارهها و حاکميتهاى استبدادى صد سال اخير جلد 1