Suchergebnisse

The author examines concepts, views, goals and ways of interpreting the law, and gives the definition and implementation of the rules of interpretation regulations. Provides that the interpretation of the law refers to activities aimed at establishing their content, to the disclosure of the will ruling social forces expressed in them. Special attention is given to the judicial interpretation and its role in ensuring the consistency of enforcement, as well as the problem of interaction of legislation and judicial practice.

Sex change that is carried out through a medical process or commonly called sex change surgery, invites pros and cons in the community. The purpose of this study is to formulate regulations regarding the formulation of legal provisions regarding sex change that can reflect justice, benefit, and legal certainty as well as support the welfare of Transgender and Ambiguous Genitalia sufferers. This research is a normative legal research with philosophical, legislative, conceptual,case and comparative approaches. The analysis technique uses descriptive, comparative, evaluative and argumentative techniques. The results of the study indicate that the formulation of legal provisions regarding gender change is the use of the phrase the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity in the formulation of legal norms as a large group that can reach various things, and the prohibition against plastic surgery to change identity, except for patients who have received court decision.

The article discusses the regulation of identity checks in Poland and their practice. First, the article examines the constitutional and international law standards concerning identity checks. It is followed by the analysis of statutory and sub-statutory regulations relating to identifying a person focusing on conditions under which ID checks may be undertaken, agencies authorized to carry on the ID checks and the ways in which it must be carried on. The study underlines the important role of the case law in shaping the boundaries of the legality of ID checks. It is emphasised by the courts that the citizen's duty to show their ID is predetermined by conducting a proper procedure by police officers, as well as by the existence of sufficient legal and factual grounds for checking one's identity. The criteria of distinguishing between an ID check and a stop and arrest were also developed in the case law. In conclusions, it was pointed out that at the constitutional and international level there are no specific provisions relating to the identity checks. However, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland requires statutory regulation of the prerequisites and key issues of the procedure for carrying out an ID check. Analysis of the statutory regulation leads to the conclusion that the former element has not been met. The courts try to fill this with their case law, clearly indicating that and ID check may only be conducted if justified by sufficient legal and factual grounds. Nevertheless, the legislator's intervention would be desirable. The authors also draw attention to the fact that the courts present a strict and well-grounded approach towards the distinction between identifying documents and detaining. The criterion in this case is not the purpose of the activities undertaken by the authorized body, but the degree and duration of the interference with the rights of the individualResumenEl artículo aborda el problema de la regulación jurídica del control de identidad policial en Polonia y su aplicación por parte de los órganos autorizados. En primer lugar, se analizan las normas jurídicas constitucionales e internacionales, seguidas del análisis de las normas estatutarias y subestatutarias relativas a esta actividad. Se presta atención a los requisitos previos del control de identidad, al problema de la determinación de la autoridad competente para ejercer esta actividad y a su curso. El estudio también señala la gran relevancia de las decisiones judiciales para determinar los límites de la legalidad de dicha actividad. La jurisprudencia subraya que la estricta observancia del procedimiento del control de identidad por parte de los agentes de policía, así como la existencia de premisas que justifiquen la comprobación de la identidad de un individuo, revisten una importancia esencial para la actualización del deber de identificarse. Los tribunales también han desarrollado criterios para distinguir entre el control de identidad y la detención. En conclusión, se señaló que a nivel constitucional y jurídico internacional no existen normas detalladas relativas al control de identidad policial. No obstante, la Constitución de la República de Polonia exige la regulación estatutaria de los requisitos previos y las cuestiones clave relativas al procedimiento para llevar a cabo esta actividad. El análisis de la regulación estatutaria lleva a la conclusión de que el primer elemento no se ha cumplido. De todos modos, se observa que este vacío, al menos en la actualidad, está siendo llenado por los tribunales, que señalan claramente la necesidad de indicar las circunstancias que justifican la legitimación de una persona. Con todo, sería aconsejable que el legislador interviniera a este respecto. También se llamó la atención sobre la acertada aproximación de la judicatura a la necesidad de distinguir estrictamente entre el control de identidad y la detención. El criterio en este caso no es la finalidad de la acción emprendida por la autoridad autorizada, sino el grado y la duración de la injerencia en los derechos del individuo.

Animals, both livestock and others (including pets) have long needed state-enacted legal protections for their welfare. In the next post in this series, Aye Mar Win looks at the corpus of laws and legal provisions that are aimed to protect them in Myanmar, and what more can be done for their welfare.   _______________________________________________ Natural resources … Continued

This article highlights the various incidences of child sacrifice in the country and the legislation in place. It also argues that despite the legislation in place, the incidence of child sacrifice still thrives in Uganda's society due to various factors including failure to enforce the laws in place. The first part examines the situation of child sacrifice currently and the major causes of the practice. The paper examines the legal framework and gaps in the current laws for fighting violence against children. It also contains a brief discussion on how effective the domestic laws are in the current context.

Good governance is about fair application of authority and utilization of resources in implementing coherent governing plan for the best interests and priorities of the people at large. It aims at protection and promotion of rights, welfare and well-being of the citizens through legitimized democratic governance under rule of law. It is avenues for peace, crime control, fairness of public decision with legal certainty and equality. It avails bridled governmental power, qualified administration, and a system of fraud and corruption-free state operation. In Nepali context, The Constitution of Nepal 2015, Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority Act 1991, The Prevention of Corruption Act 2002, Public Procurement Act 2007 and Rules 2008, Good Governance Act 2008, Right to Information Act 2007 and Rules 2009, Local Government Operation Act 2017etc. are the primarily statutory measures to ensure good governance in Nepal. But the legal provisions and practice is not sufficient for ensuring good governance in Nepal. Some remarks on the application of these laws to an end of good governance have been overviewed by apex court in this relation. This article explores the concept as well as elements of good governance and descriptively analyzes various laws, case laws and principles developed by the Supreme Court of Nepal in the issue of good governance. This paper also aims at assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these laws and judicial practices from the internationally accepted good governance norms and principles.

This article discusses the legal protection of data privacy in electronic commerce in Iran. Currently, there is a gap in respect of data privacy protection in Iran as there is no specific privacy legislation in force. Consequently, e-consumers dealing in internet commerce are less protected. However there are rules and regulations in the laws in Iran such as the Islamic Republic (IR) of Iran Constitution, Computer Crimes Act, Penal Code, and Civil Liability Act which relate to privacy in general, although not directly related to data privacy in e-commerce. The Electronic Commerce Law (ECL) is the main legislation in Iran which contains some provisions on personal data privacy. This article discusses the relevant provisions in the ECL pertaining to data messages and privacy and interprets its various meanings to determine whether they are in line with well established principles found in good data privacy protection measures.

The comparative analysis of legislative acts of Ukraine regulating the procedure of realization of scientific and technical cooperation has been conducted in this article, in particular, the processes of academic mobility between Ukraine and other countries of the world. The pros and cons of such cooperation has been analyzed, also suggestions for establishing effective processes of academic mobility in Ukraine has been laid out.