Suchergebnisse

Hikama (Governance) is a peer reviewed academic journal published by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies and Doha Institute for Graduate Studies (p-ISSN: 2708-5805), (e-ISSN: 2708-5813). Hikama seeks to broaden the understanding of the fields of public policy and public administration in the Arab World and reinvigorate the political and social elements of public policy. It is a space for academic thought and discussion on what Arab governments - with their values, institutions, and public bodies - are doing, and should aspire to do in order to nurture politically modern and socially just Arab societies. -- AHMED MOHSEN Doctoral candidate, Faculty of Political Science and International Relations, Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey. Email: abdelrahman.ahmed@std.izu.edu.tr ; تحاول هذه الدراللسة الإجابة عن اللسؤال التالي: لماذا اختلفت الستجابة الأجهزة البيروقراطية والتنفيذية عند تصميم اللسياسات الصحية وتنفيذها تجاه أزمة جائحة فيرولس كورونا المستجد (كوفيد19) في دول تبدو متشابهة، كونها تملك ميراثا من المركزية والأنظمة الرئالسية، كما همي الحال في مصر وتركيا؟ وتنطلق فرضية الدراسة الرئيسة من أن الأزمة في بدايتها أعطت ملساحة أكبل للوزراء التنفيذيين والتكنوقراط والأجهزة البيروقراطية المتخصطة فمي اللسيالسات الطحية والوبائية للمساهمة بشكل أكبر فمي 'لاكلملم اللسياسات الطحية لمواجهة هذا الوباء، لكن الستمرار هذه الملساحة والستكمال تلك الأدوار ارتبط بعد ذلك بمدم توافر "القدرة السياساتية" التي تتيح لهؤلاء المسؤولين ذلك. تظهر الدراسة من خلال دراسة الحالة التركية والمصرية بصورة مقارنة، أنه كلما كانت الدولة أكثل مركزية، وكانت للأزمة التمي تواجهها طبيعة خاطة وغير مسبوقة، ولديها فمي الوقت نفسه قدرات سياساتية أعلل فمي تصميم السياسات، فإن هذا يساهم فمي تعزيز دور الخبراء والبيروقراطيين في تطميم اللسيالسات عل حلساب اللسيالسيين. ; This paper seeks to answer the following question: Why have the bureaucracies and executive arms of two highly centralized presidential regimes – Egypt and Turkey – produced such different responses to the Coronavirus crisis? Its basic hypothesis is that while the crisis did initially provide scope for ministers, technocrats and bureaucrats specialized in public health to play a greater part in making health policy, their ability to maintain this newfound influence depended on their "policy capability". Through a comparison of the two case studies, this article shows that the more centralized a state is, the more unprecedented the crisis is and the more policy capability it has, the greater the role bureaucrats play at the expense of politicians.

ان حجم ظاهرة الفساد في العالمآخذة في التفاقم، إلى درجة أن اثاره صارت تهدد مجتمعات كثيرة بالانهيار ، لكن الدلائل القاطعة أثبتت انه كلما حقق المجتمعات قدرا اعلى من الديمقراطية والشفافية، يزداد دور مؤسسات المجتمع المدني والمنظمات الدولية ، في مكافحة الفساد ومحاصرته، أي كلما زادت جودة الحكم تقلص مستوى الفساد ، وظاهرة الفساد في الجزائر حقيقة موجودة منذ الاستقلال لاسبيل لانكارها، بل ان حجمه ازداد ودائرته اتسعت، وجرائمه انتشرت، لدرجة انها صارت اخطر على الدول من جرائم الارهاب، خاصة مع بداية انطلاق المشاريع التنموية مطلع القرن الحالي ، تاركة الجزائر في مؤخرة الترتيب العالمي لأقل الدول فسادا ; The size of the phenomenon of corruption in the world is getting worse to the point that its effects become threatening many societies to collapse. But the evidence unequivocal proved that whenever communities and societies achieved a higher level of democracy and transparency, the role of civil society organizations and international organizations increases to fight against corruption; i.e. the higher the governance's quality, the diminished level of corruption. The phenomenon of corruption in Algeria is a fact which exists since independence and there is no way to deny it. But its size has increased, his circle has widened and his crimes have propagated to the extent that it becomes more dangerous on the state than terrorism's crimes on the state. This raise was more apparent on the 21st century onset especially with the beginning of development projects. According to several international organizations interested in corruption, Algeria is in the front of the ranking of countries the most corrupted.

The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Lebanon.

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The Heads of State and Government in 2016 adopted African Space Policy and Strategy through Assembly/AU/Dec.589(XXVI) Decision and requested the Commission to carry out consultations with a view to evaluating the legal, structural and financial implications for the creation of a continental African Space Agency. This was followed by the adoption, in January 2018 through Assembly/AU/Dec.676(XXX), the Statute of African Space Agency.

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The Heads of State and Government in 2016 adopted African Space Policy and Strategy through Assembly/AU/Dec.589(XXVI) Decision and requested the Commission to carry out consultations with a view to evaluating the legal, structural and financial implications for the creation of a continental African Space Agency. This was followed by the adoption, in January 2018 through Assembly/AU/Dec.676(XXX), the Statute of African Space Agency.

The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Lebanon continues to be impacted by the domestic political stalemate and regional turmoil, particularly along its border with Syria. Economic activity picked up in the second half of 2014. Stronger economic performance and lower oil prices pushed real GDP growth to an estimated 2.0 percent in 2014, compared to 0.9 percent in 2013. One-off cosmetic and unsustainable measures rather than policy actions helped improve the fiscal balance in 2014. We estimate the overall fiscal deficit to have declined by 2.3 percentage points. Declining imports lead an improvement in the current account balance. In 2014, a fall in merchandize imports induced a 4.4 pp reduction in the current account deficit to a still-elevated 22.2 percent of GDP. This trend is projected to continue in 2015 helped by falling oil prices and a depreciating euro, Headline inflation plummeted from 2.7 percent in 2013 to 1.9 percent in 2014 and is expected to remain tempered over the medium term. Lebanon s economy continues to be exposed to external shocks. The border with Syria is increasingly menacing as coordinated attacks by ISIS and Al Nusra are being launched more frequently from their bases in Syria. Inefficiencies in power generation impose sizable macroeconomic costs on Lebanon. The Lebanese electricity sector has been underperforming for decades with considerable socio-economic costs. The macroeconomic impact has been massive.

The geo-economy presents Lebanon with challenges associated with being a nexus for regional fault lines and risks from its dependence on capital inflows. Despite markedly improved security conditions since the start of 2015, anxiety over regional turmoil and potential spillover effectspersist. All the while, Lebanon continues to be, by far, the largest host of Syrian refugees (in proportion to the population). In addition, the economy's dependence on its diaspora to finance internal and external imbalances exposes Lebanon to economic and political conditions beyond its influence. Despite these challenges and risks, the political process remains impaired with the vacant presidency completing its second year with uncertain prospects of a near-term resolution. On the other hand, a short-term solution has been found to the garbage crisis that has left piles of trash uncollected on the streets across the country since summer 2015. The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development.

Many leaders of the country and leaders of the resistance and a large number of the people of Libya to migrate to neighboring countries because of the policy of fascist and arbitrary, and there are large Libyan communities in most of the neighboring countries of Libya, Italy has tried through its ambassadors and consuls to impose their authority on them, and despite all the difficulties and obstacles that have been exposed But the educated group of them was able to show their activity. The right time came for them when the Second World War took place on September 3, 1939, which Italy entered along with the Allied Powers on June 10, 1940. Meanwhile, political bodies and parties formed a central axis in the crystallization The national awareness of the importance of the Libyan cause and the independence of Libya both inside and outside the country, and the roots of the political struggle, and resulted in the outputs of the unity and independence of the country, despite the differences in ideologies and views among its members, and through this research we will highlight the most important bodies and political parties Which left its mark clear and clear on the Libyan arena, and the role played by the local level until the unity and independence of Libya, and the research will be divided into two axes, the first dealt with the most important bodies and political parties that were formed in the tenderness and Tripoli and Fezan, In its role in spreading national awareness at home, and a conclusion to the main findings of the research and the list of sources and references.

Göçmen ve Mülteci Kadınlar için Fiziksel Aktivite Rehberi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenen "Türkiye'de Yaşayan Suriyeli Göçmen Kadınların Güçlenmelerinde ve Toplumsal Entegrasyonunda Bir Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitenin Kullanılması" isimli araştırma projesi kapsamında hazırlanmıştır. Projede, mülteci kadınların güçlenmelerinde ve sosyal uyumun sağlanmasında fiziksel aktivite bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Projenin birinci basamağında Suriyeli mülteci kadınların fiziksel aktivite düzeyi kültürleşme bağlamında incelenmiştir. Projenin ikinci basamağında, Suriyeli, Afganistanlı, Iraklı ve Türkiyeli kadınlardan oluşan 25 kişilik bir grupla 12 haftalık fiziksel aktivite programı uygulanmıştır. Sosyal uyumu hedefleyen bu uygulama sonrasında elde edilen bulgular ve deneyimler doğrultusunda, mülteci kadınlar için geliştirilecek bir fiziksel aktivite programının kavramsal çerçevesini, hedeflerini ve pedagojik ilkelerini içeren bir rehber kitap hazırlanmıştır. Geçtiğimiz on yılda artan göç oranları, birçok göç edilen ülkede göç ve toplumsal bütünleşme politikaları konusundaki tartışmaları hızlandırmıştır. Dünyada Suriyeli mülteci sayısının en fazla olduğu Türkiye'de, Suriyeli ve son zamanlarda Afganistanlı ve Iraklı mültecilerin sosyal uyumuna yönelik çeşitli araştırma verilerine dayalı politikalar üretilmektir. Bu politikalara dayanak olan bilimsel araştırma verileri, fiziksel aktivite ve sporun göçmen ve mülteci bireylerin yaşamlarına olumlu katkılarını ortaya koyarken, göçmenlerle ve mültecilerle ilgili politikaları geliştiren uluslararası kurumlar tarafından fiziksel aktivite ve sporun birleştirici gücü vurgulanmaktadır. 2016-2018 yılları arasında Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu, Avrupa Birliği üye ülkelerdeki mültecilerin iyi olma hali ve sosyal uyumlarını artırmak için fiziksel aktivite ve spor fırsatları sunan yaklaşık 3 milyon Avro tutarındaki 54 projeyi desteklemiştir. Birleşmiş Milletler 2030 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarının "Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği" başlıklı 5. Maddesi kapsamında kadınların her seviyede güçlenmesi ve kadına yönelik her türlü istismarı kapsayan şiddetin ortadan kaldırılması gerekmektedir. Göçmen ve Mülteci Kadınlar İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Rehberi, hedefleri itibariyle Türkiye'de yaşayan mülteci kadınların fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve kültürel güçlenmelerinde bir sosyal politika aracı olarak fiziksel aktivitenin kullanımına örnektir. Kadının güçlenmesini hedefleyen bilimsel araştırmalarda ve sosyal sorumluluk projelerinde yararlanılabilecek nitelikte bir rehberdir. Rehberin Türkçe, Arapça ve İngilizce dillerinde yazılmış olması, bilgilerin doğrudan göçmen ve mülteci kadınlar tarafından erişilebilir olmasını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, uluslararası platformlar için de kullanılabilir bir uluslararası rehber niteliği de taşımaktadır. Proje faaliyetlerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde hep birlikte çalıştığımız katılımcılara, eğitmenlere, gönüllülere, kurum çalışanlarına ve yöneticilere çok teşekkür ederiz. Birlikte hareket ettiğimiz, birlikte dans ettiğimiz, farklılıkları ve benzerlikleriyle kültürlerimizi, gündelik yaşamlarımızı paylaştığımız ve birlikte güçlendiğimiz projemizin, benzer hedeflerdeki çalışmalara rehberlik yapabilmesini umuyoruz. ; Physical Activity Program Guide for Migrant and Refugee Women was prepared within the scope of the Project titled "Using Physical Activity as a Social Policy Tool in the Empowerment and Social Integration of Syrian Migrant Women Living in Turkey", supported by Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. In the project, physical activity is used as a tool in empowering refugee women and ensuring social integration. In the first phase of the project, physical activity levels of Syrian refugee women were investigated with regard to acculturation. In the second phase of the project, a 12-week physical activity program was implemented in a group consisting of 25 Syrian, Afghan, Iraqi and Turkish women. In accordance with the findings and the experiences obtained as a result of this physical activity intervention aimed at social integration, The Physical Activity Guide for Migrant and Refugee Women was developed. Increasing rates of migration in the last decade have accelerated debates about migration and social integration policies in many countries. In Turkey, where the number of Syrian refugees is the highest in the world, policies are being made based on various research data regarding the social integration of Syrian and, more recently, Afghan and Iraqi refugees. Not enough importance has been ascribed to sport and physical activity in these policies yet. However, while data from scientific research exhibit favourable impacts of physical activity and sport on the lives of migrant and refugee individuals, the unifying power of physical activity and sport is emphasised by international organizations. Between 2016 and 2018, the European Commission supported 54 projects, totalling a sum of approximately 3 million Euros, offering physical activity and sport opportunities to improve the well-being and social engagement of refugees in the European Union member states. Within the scope of Article 5 of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, titled "Promoting Gender Equality", it is required to ensure women's empowerment at all levels and to eliminate violence including all forms of abuse against women. The Physical Activity Guide for Migrant and Refugee Women, with regard to its objectives, is a model for the use of physical activity as a social policy tool in the physical, mental and social empowerment of refugee women living in Turkey. It is a guide that can be used in academic studies and social responsibility projects aimed at women's empowerment within the scope of UN Goals. The availability of the guide in Turkish, Arabic, and English languages makes the information directly accessible to migrant and refugee women. Moreover, it features as an international guide available to international platforms. We would like to thank the participants, trainers, volunteers, staff and managers with whom we work together in the realization of project activities. We moved together, danced together, we shared our cultures, our daily lives. We embraced our differences and similarities and became empowered together. We hope that our project will be able to guide work with similar goals. ; ‫"‬ ‫بـ‬ ‫الموسوم‬ ‫البحثي‬ ‫المشروع‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫أُع‬ ‫الالجئة‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫المهاجرة‬ ‫للمرأة‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫المرأة‬ ‫لتمكين‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫سياسة‬ ‫كأداة‬ ‫استعمالها‬ ‫و‬ ‫الالجئة‬ ‫السورية‬ ‫للمرأة‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫ممارسة‬ ‫هاجات‬ ‫بجامعة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫المشاريع‬ ‫تنسيق‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المدعوم‬ ‫و‬ ‫االجتماعي"‬ ‫إندماجها‬ ‫تعزيز‬ ‫االجتماعي‪.‬‬ ‫التماسك‬ ‫ضمان‬ ‫و‬ ‫الالجئات‬ ‫لتعزيز‬ ‫كأداة‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫المشروع‪،‬‬ ‫في‬ ‫تم‬ ‫تبة‪.‬‬ ‫في‬ ‫السوريات‬ ‫الالجئات‬ ‫للنساء‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫تم‬ ‫المشروع‪،‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫في‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫تنفيذ‬ ‫تم‬ ‫المشروع‪،‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثقافي‪.‬‬ ‫التمازج‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫و‬ ‫التركية‪.‬‬ ‫كذلك‬ ‫و‬ ‫العراقية‬ ‫األفغانية‪،‬‬ ‫السورية‪،‬‬ ‫القومية‬ ‫من‬ ‫امرأة‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫مؤلفة‬ ‫لمجموعة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أسبوعا‬ ‫إعداد‬ ‫تم‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫التماسك‬ ‫تستهدف‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الفعالية‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫الخبرات‬ ‫و‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ً‬ ‫تمشيا‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫لبرنامج‬ ‫التربوية‬ ‫المبادئ‬ ‫و‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫و‬ ‫المفاهيمي‬ ‫اإلطار‬ ‫على‬ ‫يحتوي‬ ‫إرشادي‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫الالجئات‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫تطويره‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫‪.‬الذي‬ ‫االندماج‬ ‫و‬ ‫الهجرة‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫حول‬ ‫النقاش‬ ‫تسريع‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫في‬ ‫المتزايدة‬ ‫الهجرة‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫أدت‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫بلغ‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫أيضاً‪،‬‬ ‫تركيا‬ ‫في‬ ‫و‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫ففي‬ ‫المهاجرة‪.‬‬ ‫البلدان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫في‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫على‬ ‫المبنية‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫السياسات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الكثير‬ ‫إعداد‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫العالم‪،‬‬ ‫في‬ ‫السوريين‬ ‫الالجئين‬ ‫من‬ ‫العراق‪.‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مؤخرا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أفغانستان‬ ‫سوريا‪،‬‬ ‫من‬ ‫القادمين‬ ‫الالجئين‬ ‫لهؤالء‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫االندماج‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫بغية‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫تكشف‬ ‫حين‬ ‫في‬ ‫بعد‪.‬‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫والنشاط‬ ‫للرياضة‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫األهمية‬ ‫تُعطى‬ ‫لم‬ ‫السياسات‪،‬‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫الالجئين‬ ‫و‬ ‫المهاجرين‬ ‫حياة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرياضة‬ ‫و‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫للنشاط‬ ‫اإليجابية‬ ‫المساهمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫الترابط‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الالجئين‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫للمهاجرين‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الدولية‬ ‫المؤسسات‬ ‫تؤكد‬ ‫أستراليا‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشمالية‬ ‫أمريكا‬ ‫و‬ ‫األوروبي‬ ‫االتحاد‬ ‫إستثمر‬ ‫المثال‪،‬‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرياضي‪.‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫للنشاط‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫في‬ ‫للمشاركة‬ ‫اللجوء‬ ‫طالبي‬ ‫و‬ ‫لالجئين‬ ‫التدخل‬ ‫برامج‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرياضية‬ ‫البرامج‬ ‫في‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫‪2016‬‬ ‫عامي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫االجتماعية‪.‬‬ ‫األغراض‬ ‫و‬ ‫التأهيل‬ ‫إعادة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫ألغراض‬ ‫الرياضي‬ ‫و‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫وفرت‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫يورو‬ ‫ماليين‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫بقيمة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫مشرو‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫األوروبية‬ ‫المفوضية‬ ‫دعمت‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪2018‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫األوروبي‬ ‫االتحاد‬ ‫في‬ ‫األعضاء‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫في‬ ‫اجتماعيًا‬ ‫وإدماجهم‬ ‫الالجئين‬ ‫رفاهية‬ ‫لزيادة‬ ‫رياضية‬ ‫و‬ ‫بدنية‬ ‫‪2019‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫آخرون‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪().‬سبايـج‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المساواة‬ ‫"ضمان‬ ‫بعنوان‬ ‫‪2030‬‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫لألمم‬ ‫المستدامة‬ ‫التنمية‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫من‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫المستويات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرأة‬ ‫تمكين‬ ‫ضمان‬ ‫الضروري‬ ‫من‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫الفتيات"‬ ‫و‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫تمكين‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجنسين‬ ‫الالجئات‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫المهاجرات‬ ‫للنساء‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫المرأة‪.‬‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫العنف‬ ‫أشكال‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫على‬ ‫القضاء‬ ‫و‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫للسياسة‬ ‫كأداة‬ ‫تركيا‬ ‫في‬ ‫للالجئات‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫النشاط‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫ً‬ ‫جيدا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫نموذجا‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫أهدافه‬ ‫بحكم‬ ‫و‬ ‫األكاديمية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ً‬ ‫هاما‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مرجعا‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫و‬ ‫االجتماعي‪.‬‬ ‫التمكين‬ ‫و‬ ‫النفسية‬ ‫و‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫األمم‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫في‬ ‫المرأة‬ ‫تمكين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تهدف‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫المسؤولية‬ ‫‪.‬مشاريع‬ ‫المتاحة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫وصول‬ ‫يضمن‬ ‫اإلنجليزية‬ ‫و‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫و‬ ‫التركية‬ ‫باللغات‬ ‫مكتوب‬ ‫الدليل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫كون‬ ‫إن‬ ‫المحافل‬ ‫أغلب‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫دولي‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫فهو‬ ‫ذلك‪،‬‬ ‫على‬ ‫عالوة‬ ‫الالجئات‪.‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫للمهاجرات‬ ‫مباشرة‬ ‫‪.‬الدولية‬