Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Rather than set out to summarize all the American approaches to public policy analysis, this article's objective is limited to opening up reflection about one of the most important research programmes that have emerged in the United States over recent years, that of « new institutionalism ». More precisely, by identifying one of the most problematical dimensions of this programme — the relationship between institutions, public policies and change — we under­line the conceptual road that still needs travelling before new institutionalists achieve a genui­nely integrated approach to political action. Indeed, this theoretical ambition is precisely what justifies attempts to bring together approaches to institutions and public policies developed in France and those mostly used in the United States. ; Plutôt que de dresser un tableau exhaustif de la recherche américaine sur l'analyse des poli­tiques publiques, l'objet de cet article consiste à entamer une réflexion autour d'un des pro­grammes de recherches actuellement le plus en vue, celui du « nouvel institutionnalisme ». Plus précisément, en ciblant un aspect particulièrement problématique de ce programme — la rela­tion entre les institutions, les politiques publiques, et le changement — nous soulignons le chemin conceptuel qui reste à parcourir avant d'en arriver à une approche réellement intégrée de l'action politique. En effet, c 'est justement cette ambition théorique qui justifie la mise en relations d'approches des institutions et des politiques publiques pratiquées en France avec celles utilisées le plus souvent aux États-Unis.

International audience ; Rather than set out to summarize all the American approaches to public policy analysis, this article's objective is limited to opening up reflection about one of the most important research programmes that have emerged in the United States over recent years, that of « new institutionalism ». More precisely, by identifying one of the most problematical dimensions of this programme — the relationship between institutions, public policies and change — we under­line the conceptual road that still needs travelling before new institutionalists achieve a genui­nely integrated approach to political action. Indeed, this theoretical ambition is precisely what justifies attempts to bring together approaches to institutions and public policies developed in France and those mostly used in the United States. ; Plutôt que de dresser un tableau exhaustif de la recherche américaine sur l'analyse des poli­tiques publiques, l'objet de cet article consiste à entamer une réflexion autour d'un des pro­grammes de recherches actuellement le plus en vue, celui du « nouvel institutionnalisme ». Plus précisément, en ciblant un aspect particulièrement problématique de ce programme — la rela­tion entre les institutions, les politiques publiques, et le changement — nous soulignons le chemin conceptuel qui reste à parcourir avant d'en arriver à une approche réellement intégrée de l'action politique. En effet, c 'est justement cette ambition théorique qui justifie la mise en relations d'approches des institutions et des politiques publiques pratiquées en France avec celles utilisées le plus souvent aux États-Unis.

Implemented by a joint initiative of ARL and DATAR (Délégation à lÁménagement du Territoire et à lÁction Régionale) an international group of experts reflected regional development policies. Due to a variety of reasons, economic development is accompanied with different regional performances in terms of income, employment, growth etc. Empirical studies and theoretical works in modern regional economics indicate that even in relatively homogeneous groups of countries like the EU economic convergence need time and this is certainly true after EU enlargement, because new Member States with a lower economic performance joint the community. To enhance efficiency and reduce disparities across regions, different approaches have been proposed as a framework for regional development policy; among them are the growth pole concept, spatial economic corridors, and recently, spatial economic networks. This last one emphasizes the role of cooperation among regions and provides a new spatial policy framework. Instead of considering the individual problem regions (as the traditional approach does) trans-national networks and European macro-regions constitute the new typology of the spatial policy framework. Within this new paradigm of regional policy there is a greater tendency to see regions in terms of spatial economic networks and to see the EU as a part of a global competitive innovation system. Due to the economic and political structure of the new Member States and the Candidate Countries regional policies should concentrate on infrastructure, human and social capital, network formation to facilitate the transfer of innovation technology, on areas affected by industrial conversion and on the role played by interregional, international and trans-border cooperation. They should support the modernisation of the institutional system in Central and Eastern Europe and the process of decentralization not only institutional, but also financially. They should enhance local administrative competencies and promote the periphery of the new Member States and the Candidate Countries and increase the cross-border cooperation. These measures together with a substantial reform of EU regional policy and their funds are necessary to make the enlargement to a success story.

This article retraces the evolution of the Romanian electoral management system
during the postcommunist decades, by considering it from an institutionalist
and strategic perspective. Electoral management is the setting where various
institutional actors are in constant interaction with the view of producing the
postcommunist democratic legitimacy. Their very interaction is a test of the
validity of the postcommunist polity. If the general design of electoral management
remained relatively stable, the institutional actors called to participate in the
endeavour changed their political status, and their institutional attributes and
their policy capacities. The sequence of postcommunist elections unravel the
process of institutional disjunction and political re-conjunction between the
central government, local administration, and the judicial, which set the patterns
for the institutionalisation of Romanian democratic politics.