Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the impact of a change in the German child benefit system in 1996, which led to a large increase in lump sum transfers to families with children. We analyze the impact on the labor force participation of family members. Comparing behavioral changes of adults with children with behavioral changes of adults without children, we find that single mothers and mothers with a working partner considerably reduced the number of working hours (conditional on participation). Participation rates however did not decrease. For single fathers neither participation rates nor working hours display any significant changes.

In the present paper we examine how the introduction of endogenous participation in an otherwise standard DSGE model with matching frictions and nominal rigidities affects business cycle dynamics and monetary policy. The contribution of the paper is threefold: first, we show that the model provides a good fit for employment and unemployment volatility, as well as participation volatility and its correlation with output for US data. Second, we show that in such a model, and contrary to a model with exogenous participation, a monetary authority that becomes more aggressive in fighting inflation decreases the volatility of employment and unemployment. Finally, we show the role of search costs in shaping those results.

In this paper, we first rely on small area techniques to derive from EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU‐SILC) survey new indicators of compensatory and social‐investment policies at regional level. While compensatory policies have mainly the goal of protecting individuals from "old" risks (e.g., old‐age), investment‐related social policies tend to focus more on "new social risks" (e.g., skill deficits). We rely on these new indicators to perform a data‐driven structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) analysis to investigate the causal relationships between youth labor market outcomes and these two types of spending. Our results support the view that social‐investment policies are effective for tackling new social challenges. (JEL C18, C54, E02)

The Arab region is currently witnessing more social transformation at all levels of society than ever before, due to the demographic growth, expanded ethnic and sectarian conflicts, accelerated urbanization, global economy, and education, together with changing modes of information and communication. Despite continuous efforts by the state, public institutions, civil society, and private actors, social justice remains a challenge and social policies are not fully responding to the social transformations of the region. Re-thinking the role of the state in social development in the Arab region in the double crisis of neo-liberalism and global finance world-wide and specifically in the context of the Arab region is a challenging task.

Ökonometrischer Test von Zeitverteilungsparametern zur Bestimmung der Determinanten der Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Frauen im ländlichen Bangladesch. (DÜI-Bsn)

Taking an international comparative perspective, this paper deals with driving forces of and potential obstacles to the labor market participation of older workers. It focuses in depth on four case studies that appear to be prototypical for different contexts. Given the high variance of cultures of work and welfare state systems in Europe and its neighbouring countries, Germany, Israel, Italy and Sweden were selected with the aim of examining the development and situation of older workers in great detail. Each country stands for a specific configuration, e.g. because it may represent a trend reversal, a continuously outstanding performance or lasting problems. The cases also include information on pension reforms and approaches to better manage aging workforces. In face of the different country situations, it becomes obvious that one size of policies does not fit all. Independent of national policies, employability over the life cycle requires more attention. Regarding future developments, several domains of organizational practices are indispensable for appropriately managing an aging workforce, including skill improvement and a healthy work environment. ; Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive mit Treibern und Hemmnissen der Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Älteren. Der Fokus der Studie richtet sich auf Länderbeispiele, die prototypisch für bestimmte Kontexte stehen. Ausgehend von unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen am Arbeitsmarkt und wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Regulierungen in Europa und benachbarten Ländern wurden mit Deutschland, Israel, Italien und Schweden vier Länder ausgewählt, in denen der Entwicklung und Situation älterer Beschäftigter am Arbeitsmarkt nachgegangen wird. Jedes der ausgewählten Länder steht für eine spezifische Konstellation, sei es, dass eine Trendwende erreicht wurde, ein langfristig hoher Beschäftigungsstand realisiert werden konnte oder anhaltende Probleme zu beobachten sind. Die Fallbeispiele befassen sich u.a. mit rentenpolitischen Reformen sowie arbeitsmarktpolitischen Ansätzen zum Management alternder Belegschaften. Sie zeigen, dass es keinen Königsweg zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktsituation Älterer gibt. Unabhängig von staatlichen Politiken kommt der Entwicklung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit über den Lebenszyklus große Bedeutung bei. Mit Blick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen sind geeignete betriebliche Praktiken für das Management alternder Belegschaften unverzichtbar. Entscheidend sind dabei insbesondere Initiativen, die auf ein lebenslanges Lernen und ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld zielen.

Using a political-frame-free, lab-in-the-field experiment, we investigate the effects of employment status and political ideology on preferences for redistribution. The experiment consists of a real-effort task, followed by a four-player dictator game. In one treatment, initial endowments depend on participants' performance in the real-effort task, i.e., they are earned, in the other, they are randomly determined.We find that being employed or unemployed affects revealed redistributive preferences, while the political ideology of the employed and unemployed does not. In contrast, the revealed redistributive preferences of students are strongly related to their political ideologies. The employed and right-leaning students redistribute earnings less than windfalls, the unemployed and left-leaning students make no such distinction. We conclude that, when people are not exposed to the sometimes harsh realities of the labor market, their redistributive preferences depend on their political ideology but, when they are exposed, the effect of those realities overrules their ideology.