Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThe cross‐lag correlation method has gained increased use in recent years as a technique which can be used to evaluate causality in longitudinal behavioral research. However, the effect of selecting an incorrect time‐lag has remained largely unexplored. This research reports the results of a computer simulation designed to evaluate what happens to the cross‐lag correlation under different time‐lags. The results of the simulation indicate that the cross‐lag method is relatively insensitive to errors in the selection of the time‐lag. Nevertheless, it is better to err on the "early" side than on the "late" side. A research design is suggested for further empirical investigation of the effect of the choice of time‐lags.

Abstract
Analytic philosophy has taken for granted an account of the history of philosophy which jumps straight from Kant to Frege, leaving out Hegel and most of the nineteenth century. Such an understandig (e.g., that of Reichenbach's Rise of Scientific Philosophy) depends upon viewing philosophy as the solution of certain discrete and specific "problems" raised by e.g., discoveries in physics or mathematics. But the rejection of traditional positivist doctrines (those invoked by Reichenbach) brought about by the work of Wittgenstein, Quine, and others, makes this latter conception of philosophy difficult to sustain. Consequently, analytic philosophy has become a movement without a clear self-image and sense of mission. Its old ideological roots have been cut, and it now sustains itself through a sense of professionalism rather than by a sense of cultural or historical role. However, it still retains the Reichenbachian account of the history of philosophy. This has led to problems in American philosophy departments, particularly an unwillingness to regard Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and other "Continental" figures as being "really philosophers" and thus an unwillingness to include them in the curriculum.

Zusammenfassung
Die Experimentalwissenschaft ist mit modernen Herrschaftstechniken verzahnt. Das Lager, Inbegriff der modernen Herrschaft über das Leben, ist ohne diese beiden Seiten, ohne das getestete Wissen und den automatisierten Befehl, nicht zu begreifen. Mein Text stellt den Versuch dar, den Begriff des nackten Lebens durch die Analyse der historischen und systematischen Bezüge zwischen Labor und Lager zu klären.

Klappentext: Dieser Band versammelt Positionen, die aus aktuellen Protestbewegungen agieren oder zu ihnen Stellung beziehen. Positionen, die jüngste Veränderungen des Hochschulwesens beschreiben und reflektieren, auf Gefahren aufmerksam machen, ebenso aber Möglichkeiten aufzeigen und explizite Forderungen stellen. Es sind Stellungnahmen, Bekenntnisse, Positionspapiere, geschrieben von zeitgenössischen Autoren, von Professoren, Studenten, Kollektiven. Stimmen werden laut, die wütend, nachdenklich, pragmatisch, unerbittlich einstehen für die Forderung, sich heute mit der Lage der Universität auseinanderzusetzen.

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a cell surface inhibitory receptor with multiple biological activities over T cell activation and effector functions. LAG-3 plays a regulatory role in immunity and emerged some time ago as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comparable to PD-1 and CTLA-4 and a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. LAG-3 is the third inhibitory receptor to be exploited in human anti-cancer immunotherapies, and it is considered a potential next-generation cancer immunotherapy target in human therapy, right next to PD-1 and CTLA-4. Unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, the exact mechanisms of action of LAG-3 and its relationship with other immune checkpoint molecules remain poorly understood. This is partly caused by the presence of non-conventional signaling motifs in its intracellular domain that are different from other conventional immunoregulatory signaling motifs but with similar inhibitory activities. Here we summarize the current understanding of LAG-3 signaling and its role in LAG-3 functions, from its mechanisms of action to clinical applications. ; The Oncoimmunology group is funded by the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC, PROYE16001ESCO); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-FEDER project grants (FIS PI17/02119, FIS PI20/00010, COV20/00000, and TRANSPOCART ICI19/00069); a Biomedicine Project grant from the Department of Health of the Government of Navarre (BMED 050-2019); Strategic projects from the Department of Industry, Government of Navarre (AGATA, Ref 0011-1411-2020-000013; LINTERNA, Ref. 0011-1411-2020-000033; DESCARTHES, 0011-1411-2019-000058); European Project Horizon 2020 Improved Vaccination for Older Adults (ISOLDA; ID: 848166); Crescendo Biologics Ltd.