Comprehensive Land Use Plan : For Areas Within the Jurisdiction of the Maine Land Use Regulation Commission Maine Department of Conservation, Land Use Regulation Commission, Augusta, Maine. Originally Adopted in 1976; Revised in 1983. Contents: Chapter 1 : The Land Use Regulation Commission / Chapter 2 : Natural Resources / Chapter 3 : Development / Chapter 4 : Goals and Policies of the Commission / Chapter 5 : Issues for the Present and the Future / Appendices ; https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1143/thumbnail.jpg
This report deals with our work at the CIRED (International Centre for Research on Environment and Development). We did a 6 month-internship working together on the supply side of Nexus Land-Use, a technical and economic model of global land use developed by Gitz and Ollivier (2007). The underlying very general problematic of our work is a better understanding of the interface between agriculture and environment. This report first presents a bibliographic review of the long going effects of intensive agriculture on the environment, and the future challenges that agriculture will have to face as a consequence. We quickly remind the issues related to the global political context. Then we turn to a review of different land use models, and draw a few conclusions for Nexus Land Use itself. We move further to a highlight of the difficulties inherent to the use of databases. Then we deal with methods to improve certain aspects of the supply side of Nexus, such as the representation of yields, spatialization, taking into account water use for irrigation, integrating a new model for livestock production etc. The last part is devoted to the presentation of a simplified model, developed for the European Project MATISSE, and its results.
The author initially examines the traditional judicial treatment given master plans. Recent trends indicating a shift in the traditional view are explored and the author contends that Florida's Local Government comprehensive Planning Act of 1975 is at the forefront of these new trends. After discussing in depth the Act's provisions, the author concludes that the success or failure of the Act rides on the courts'interpretationso f the "consistency" provisions, and strongly advocates a broad interpretation.
The experiences of a health professional in a land use program in a California County are described: providing health input into the land use planning process by counseling elected and appointed government officials, individual developers, and citizen groups; interpreting existing standards and evaluating proposed ordinances and land use proposals. The significance of such input and the need for guiding standards are emphasized.
Governments often used the promise of land as a means to implement policy. Whether the land was in the form of a large grant to a successful explorer, or in the offer of a homestead on the frontier, the motive for such grants was seldom entirely altruistic. Most grants contained stipulations for settlement and cultivation because a growing population was necessary for economic development. Rulers of Florida also offered land grants to encourage a particular religion, to protect shipping, or to establish protection against Indian attacks. When Florida became part of the United States, large sections of the territory were already claimed under various land grants made by Spain or Great Britain. Succeeding United States governments continued to grant land to individuals or companies to stimulate internal improvements or to increase population. In the hands of developers, land grants usually had the desired effect, but in the hands of speculators they tended to decrease population growth. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of land grants on population growth in Orange County, Florida.
A compilation of fifteen papers presented before a Conference on the Commonwealth's Land Use, plus one additional paper. This Virginia-oriented publication contains papers concerning the developing state-level land-use decisionmaking process, the function of state and local government in land-use decisions, the federal land-use concerns, the alternatives for administering state land-use policy, the development of land-use policy in the Commonwealth, the Virginia Supreme Court's decisions relating to land use, the impact of court decisions on growth management, the open-space regulations of some local governments, the land-use issues affecting development of low- and moderate income housing, the issues associated with interbasin water transfer, the status of areawide waste treatment control, and the American Law Institute's Model Land Development Code. ; edited by J. Paxton Marshall and Waldon R. Kerns ; Proceedings of a conference held on December 2-3, 1975, in Charlottesville, Virginia, sponsored by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Extension Division and the Virginia Water Resources Research Center.
This report is a part of the results of the EU project TRANSLAND (see Berichte aus dem Institut für Raumplanung 47). The project investigated innovative approaches to the integration of land-use and transport planning in urban regions. The report presents engineering, economic and social-science based theories and empirical studies to explain the interaction between land use and transport - that land use determines traffic flows and that transport infrastructure changes land-use patterns. In addition the report provides an overview of the state of the art of computer models for the simulation of land use and transport. Based on these theories and models the effectiveness of policies to influence land use and transport in urban regions is assessed.
Debates about land use federalism — like those about federalism more broadly — often focus on whether policies and priorities ought to be set at the national or local level. But such categorical judgments about national intervention are inadequate because they obscure the diversity of mechanisms by which nationalization can and does occur. This Article draws attention to the importance of this underappreciated legislative design choice and develops a framework within which to evaluate it. This Article observes that nationalization can take the form of rules that either displace local decisionmaking or channel it, and that those rules can be implemented either by fiat or by way of incentive. These are not equivalent in terms of their effects on local democracy. Quite the contrary: the threat to the values of local democracy that motivate land use federalism arises primarily from decision-displacing fiat nationalizations — a tool that is likely unnecessary for most categories of land use goals. On the other hand, national action that channels land use decisionmaking or that incentivizes outcomes can achieve its ends while avoiding pernicious effects on local democracy. In fact, these forms of national action can even enhance local democracy. By confronting the full range of nationalizing options and accounting for their varied democratic impacts, this Article offers a solution to the federalist–nationalist dilemma in land use law, and may chart a path through the same thicket in other contexts.
Since the early days of nuisance law, but especially since the early twentieth century and the validation of zoning ordinances, land use planning and management have been fundamental roles of local government. As evinced by its state code, the Commonwealth of Virginia recognizes the essential role that localities play in land use planning. The Virginia Code requires that localities create planning commissions, adopt comprehensive plans, and, if the localities have adopted zoning ordinances, establish boards of zoning appeals. As most of the implementation of these mandates is left to individual localities, the form of implementation is not uniform but naturally varies from county to county and city to city.
Book available for download as pdf-files for chapters. Search for ISBN 978-91-86189-11-2 to list them all. See also Table of contents below: CONTENTS Series Preface Christine Jakobsson, Leif Norrgren, Ingrid Karlsson, and Jeffrey Levengood Introduction Ingrid Karlsson, Lars Rydén and Kalev Sepp 1 Landscape and Landscape History Arvo Iital 2 Landscape Functions and Ecosystem Services Kalev Sepp 3 Rural Development in the Belarusian Polesie Area Valentin Yatsukhno 4 The Baltic Waterscape - Lakes, Wetlands, Rivers and the Sea Lars Rydén 5 Mountains and Tundra – Landscapes of Beauty and Wilderness Lars Rydén 6 History of Land Use in the Great Lakes Region Gregory McIsaac 7 From Traditional to Modern Rural Society Diana Mincyte 8 Demographic Development in the Baltic Sea Region Marina Thorborg 9 Economic Development and Work Opportunities in Rural BSR Marina Thorborg 10 Agro- and Rural Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region – A Growing Sector Elena Kropinova 11 Urbanisation and Urban-Rural Cooperation Per G Berg and Lars Rydén 12 Living in the Baltic Waterscape Lars Rydén 13 Sustainable Forestry Ingrid Karlsson 14 Forestry in the European Union Part of the Baltic Sea Region Ingrid Karlsson 15 Forests and Forestry in three Eastern European Countries Marine Elbakidze, Per Angelstam and Valery Tikhomirov 16 Energy Production in the Rural Landscape Lars Rydén 17 Biomass Production in Energy Forests – Short Rotation Plantations Józef Mosiej, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk, Katarzyna Wyporska and Aleh Rodzkin 18 Spatial Planning and Management Kristina L Nilsson and Lars Rydén 19 A Rural Country in Transition – Alternatives for Lithuania Jonas Jasaitis and Ingrid Karlsson 20 Landscape and Maintenance of Water Resources Józef Mosiej, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk and Katarzyna Wyporska 21 Assessment of Sustainable Land Use Alexander Fehér and Michelle Wander 22 Policy and Policy Instruments Karin Hilmer Pedersen and Lars Rydén 23 Policy of Rural Development in Poland Józef Mosiej 24 Russian Land Use – Environmental Legislation Eugene Krasnov, Marja Molchanova and Isa Zeinalov 25 Economic Instruments – Three Interlinkages Between Ecology and Economics Hans Aage 26 Voluntary Instruments and Sustainable Consumption Ingrid Karlsson and Motaher Hossain
This paper explores the effects of fiscal competition on local land use. A theoretical analysis considers the tradeoff faced by a local government deciding about the amount of land made available for commercial or residential uses, when its expansion has adverse effects on the quality of life. The analysis shows that, in an environment with mobile tax bases, jurisdictions are subject to fiscal incentives to expand this land use. Fiscal redistribution through equalization grants, however, reduces these incentives. Based on the theoretical analysis, the effect of fiscal competition on commercial and residential land use is investigated empirically using a large dataset of German municipalities. In order to identify differences in the exposure to fiscal competition, I exploit institutional characteristics of the system of fiscal equalization to which these municipalities are subjected. This enables me to provide causal evidence using a regression discontinuity analysis. The results show that commercial and residential land use is expanded 2-3 times faster and agricultural land use declines more rapidly in municipalities exposed to fiscal competition.
Die Nachfrage nach Agrarerzeugnissen gilt als zentrale Ursache für den Verlust weltweit wichtiger Ökosysteme. In Brasilien hat speziell die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion zur Abholzung tropischer Wälder und Savannen geführt. Zumeist werden neu gerodete Flächen als Rinderweiden genutzt und vormalige Weiden für den Sojaanbau umgewandelt. Diese Entwicklung führt zu der Annahme, dass die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion indirekt für die Rodung verantwortlich ist. Staatliche Umweltpolitiken und die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie haben seit 2004 zu einer Verringerung der Abholzung beigetragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die vorliegende Dissertation darauf ab, ein vertieftes Verständnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft zu erlangen. Im Fokus stehen räumliche und zeitliche Dynamiken von Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung in Mato Grosso und Pará, einer der dynamischsten Regionen Brasiliens. Für diese Bundesstaaten werden Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung im regionalen Kontext, auf Grundstücksebene und mithilfe von Szenarien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Strategien zur Verringerung der Abholzung Einfluss auf die Dynamiken der Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung hatten. Die durch die Ausweitung des Sojaanbaus hervorgerufene Verdrängungsprozesse haben sich nach der Implementierung der Umweltschutzstrategien verringert. Auch die Abholzung auf einzelnen Grundstücken in Mato Grosso ging zurück. Zugleich zeigt die Analyse, dass die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie durch indirekte Abholzung teilweise untergraben wird. Die Ergebnisse der Szenarien unterstreichen die regionale Dynamik und speziell die Risiken einer weiteren Ausweitung von Rinderweiden. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass auf Reduktion der Abholzung abzielende Strategien die Wechselwirkungen von Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft beachten müssen. Dies erfordert eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit von Rinderwirtschaft, Sojaindustrie und staatlichen Organisationen. ; Demands for agricultural commodities are a major threat for some of the most valuable ecosystems in the world. The expansion of the agricultural sector in Brazil, fueled by global demands for soybeans, contributed to the loss of tropical and savanna ecosystems. However, most deforestation was caused by pastures, raising concerns about land use displacement processes between soybean expansion and cattle ranching. Promising, reductions of deforestation were observed following the implementation of governmental strategies and zero-deforestation supply chain commitments. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of soybean expansion and cattle ranching, driving deforestation in one of the most dynamic agricultural expansion and deforestation frontier of Brazil, in Mato Grosso and Pará. In this region, land use displacement describes the conversion of pasture to soybean followed by deforestation for cattle ranching at another location. This process was assessed at regional and property-level. Moreover, scenario analysis was applied to identify regional and subregional dynamics of land use changes. The results indicated that environmental governance affected regional and local land use dynamics and displacement processes. Distal displacement processes between soybean expansion and deforestation were significant, contributing to deforestation, but declined subsequently to the implementation of environmental policies. Likewise, deforestation at property-level declined following the policy implementations. However, the effectiveness of the zero-deforestation supply chain commitment was found to be at risk due to property-level displacement deforestation. Additionally, the scenario analysis emphasized the importance of subregional dynamics and identified risks of future deforestation. Integrating efforts between supply chain (soy and cattle) and governmental actors may be crucial to reduce deforestation in the Amazon.
The enactment of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Act, 2013, has made sweeping changes in the land acquisition laws of India (LARR Act, 2013). By increasing the compensation for acquired land, mandating a social impact assessment to be undertaken and requiring the prior consent of land holders in particular cases, the Act has no doubt corrected the imbalance that existed between the interests of land-owners and of the government as the custodian of public interest in the earlier land acquisition procedures. It has significantly increased transparency in the land acquisition process and given a voice to land owners in decisions on land acquisition. But the implementation of the Act, as originally enacted, could also retard the development process by slowing down the building of public infrastructure, and the processes of industrialisation and urbanisation. It could impede the provision of affordable housing for the vast majority of the population moving from rural to urban areas, which is crucial for controlling the spontaneous development of sprawls taking place across the country. The central government has tried to alleviate some of the adverse effects by introducing an amendment bill but its passage in Parliament has been stalled. Six states, however, have obtained presidential assent for carrying out amendments on the lines of the bill introduced in Parliament. This paper analyses the LARR Act, 2013, examines its impact on the development process and makes recommendations on the way forward for the central and state governments to lighten the adverse effects on infrastructure, industrialisation and urbanisation. While analysing the developments on urbanisation, the paper also makes an assessment of the possible expansion of urban settlements in the country in future and of the impact of such expansion on the area under agriculture.
Jurisdiction for the siting of electric power plants is vested in the fifty states, four territories, and thousands of local governments. Further complicating this scheme is federal government's exclusive authority over certain transactions originating from these facilities. Against this backdrop of often divergent and conflicting laws, this article compiles a multijurisdictional review of the jurisdictional issues surrounding the regulation of electric power. Employing multiple state by state surveys, this paper compares electric power siting laws, the interactions between federal, state, and municipal authorities, and the mechanics of regulatory structures across the United States.
Last November, Oregon passed Measure 37, creating a process by which property owners can receive monetary compensation for any action government takes to prevent unlimited development. Oregon's Measure 37 is inspiring advocates of runaway growth to develop similar ballot measures in other states that manage growth and protect livability, including Washington. The measure's surprising passage in Oregon highlights the need to refocus on how growth management protects property owners here in Washington. Land-use planning must be preserved, not weakened or stripped, to ensure the quality of life that Washingtonians have come to expect.
