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Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developedSBMLLevel 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction-based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint-based models, reaction-diffusion models, logical network models, and rule-based models. The format leverages two decades ofSBMLand a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single-cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and howSBMLLevel 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution. ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS, US) [R01-GM070923]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, DE)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [031L0104A]; NIH (US)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P41-GM103313, R01-GM095485, 5R35-GM119770-03, GM57089]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)German Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC 2124]; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); JSPS KAKENHIMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [21700328]; National Institutes of Health (NIH, US)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P41-GM103712]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK) "MultiMod" projectBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/N019482/1]; NIGMS (US)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [P41-GM103313, R01-GM080219, R01-GM123032]; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, DE), research network Systems Medicine of the Liver (LiSyM), Humboldt-University BerlinFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [031L0054]; BBSRC (UK)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); National Science Foundation (NSF, USA)National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1748200, CCF-1856740]; NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P41-GM103313, P41-EB023912]; Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology (DBT) India [BT/PR4949/BRB/10/1048/2012]; Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH (US); BBSRC (UK) "MultiMod" project [BB/N019482/1]; Novo Nordisk Foundation Grant [NNF10CC1016517]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB, US) [P41-EB023912]; DDMoRe program (EU), Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115156]; BBSRC (UK) grant "Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) " [BB/M017702/1] ; The principal authors thank many funding agencies for their support of this work. F.B., A.D., M.H., T.M.H., S.M.K., B.O., and L.S., as well as SBML.org and its online resources, were supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS, US), grant R01-GM070923 (PI: Hucka). In addition, F.B. has been supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, DE), grant de.NBI ModSim1, 031L0104A (PI: Ursula Kummer). M.L.B. has been supported by NIH (US) grant P41-GM103313 and R01-GM095485. A.D. has been supported by infrastructural funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, and by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). A.F. was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), grant 21700328 from JSPS KAKENHI (JP) to Keio University. J.F. was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH, US) grant P41-GM103712 to the National Center for Multiscale Modeling of Biological Systems (MMBioS). H.H. was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK) "MultiMod" project (grant BB/N019482/1). T.H. was supported by NIH (US) grant 5R35-GM119770-03 to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. S.H. was supported by NIGMS (US) grant R01-GM080219. M.K. was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, DE), research network Systems Medicine of the Liver (LiSyM), grant 031L0054, Humboldt-University Berlin (PI: Konig). A.L. was supported by the BBSRC (UK) while working at the Centre for Integrated Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition (CISBAN), Newcastle University. C.M. was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, USA) under grant CCF-1748200 and CCF-1856740. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. I.M. was supported by NIH grant P41-EB023912 and P41-GM103313. K.R. was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (grant BT/PR4949/BRB/10/1048/2012). M.M.-S. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH (US). R.M.-S. was supported by the BBSRC (UK) "MultiMod" project (grant BB/N019482/1). B.P.'s was supported by NIH (US) grant GM57089 to the University of California, San Diego, and by the Novo Nordisk Foundation Grant NNF10CC1016517. H.M.S. was supported by NIGMS (US) grant R01-GM123032 (PI: Sauro) and by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB, US) grant P41-EB023912 (PI: Sauro). J.C.S. was supported by NIGMS (US) grant P41-GM103313. M.S. was supported by the DDMoRe program (EU), Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 115156. N.S. was supported by BBSRC (UK) grant "Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) ", grant BB/M017702/1 (PI: Nigel S. Scrutton). F.Z. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH (US).

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей индивидуально-авторской интерпретации вербализованного субконцепта ОСЕНЬ/AUTUMN в романе «Осень» Али Смит. В работе были определены основные семантические признаки рассматриваемого слова-репрезентанта - ОСЕНЬ. Али Смит в своем произведении использовала и другие слова-репрезентанты, которые можно отнести к концепту ВРЕМЕНА ГОДА/SEASONS. Было обнаружено, что реализация данных слов в тексте превысила семантический объем их словарных дефиниций. В художественной картине мира Али Смит проявляется индивидуально-авторская оценка, что позволяет читателю почувствовать предпочтения писательницы. Автор выражает свое отношение к временам года и конкретно к ОСЕНИ. ОСЕНЬ имеет в романе символический смысл, который отображен в нескольких направлениях. Это и время «пожинать плоды» политических трансформаций - роман посвящен результатам и вопросам, которые возникли после принятия судьбоносного решения. По результатам подсчета голосов на референдуме 23 июня 2016 года жители Великобритании проголосовали за выход из Евросоюза. В случае выхода из союза придется изменить множество законов и регуляций, принятых на основе европейских. Для жителей Соединенного Королевства это будет тяжелый и переломный момент, который поставит разнообразные юридические, политические и экономические задачи. Кроме этого, в романе описывается и трагедия старения, так как жизнь одного из главных героев подходит к концу (Дэниэла Глюка). К тому же ОСЕНЬ - это и одно из звеньев годового цикла, что подчеркивает природу времени – его цикличность. Роман Али Смит показывает, что субконцепт ОСЕНЬ очень многогранен и объемен. Выявляя языковые средства, объективирующие исследуемый нами концепт, и описывая семантику этих единиц, моделируем содержание субконцепта ОСЕНЬ/AUTUMN как глобальную мыслительную единицу в ее национальном, социальном и индивидуальном своеобразии. Эти особенности исследуемого субконцепта используются автором для изображения событий, культуры и образа жизни не только определенных героев романа, но и страны в целом, таким образом создавая фрагмент этнокультурной картины мира. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей індивідуально-авторської інтерпретації вербализованого субконцепту ОСІНЬ/AUTUMN в романі "Осінь" Алі Сміт. У роботі були визначені основні семантичні ознаки основного слова-репрезентанта - ОСІНЬ. Алі Сміт у своєму творі використала і інші слова-репрезентанти, які можна віднести до концепту ПОРИ РОКУ/SEASONS. Було виявлено, що реалізація цих слів у тексті перевищила семантичний обсяг їх словникових дефініцій. У художній картині світу Алі Сміт проявляється індивідуально-авторська оцінка, що дозволяє читачеві відчути вподобання і бачкення письменниці. Автор виражає своє відношення до пір року і конкретно до ОСЕНІ. ОСІНЬ має в романі символічний сенс, який відображений у декількох напрямах. Це і час "пожинати плоди" політичних трансформацій - роман присвячений результатам і питанням, які виникли після ухвалення доленосного рішення: за результатами підрахунку голосів на референдумі 23 червня 2016 роки жителі Великобританії проголосували за вихід з Євросоюзу. У разі виходу з союзу доведеться змінити безліч законів і регуляцій, прийнятих на основі європейських. Для жителів Сполученого Королівства це буде важкий і переломний момент, який поставить різноманітні юридичні, політичні і економічні завдання. Окрім цього, в романі описується і трагедія старіння, оскільки життя одного з головних героїв добігає кінця (Дэниела Глюка). До того ж ОСІНЬ - це і одна з ланок річного циклу, що підкреслює природу часу - його циклічність. Роман Алі Сміт показує, що субконцепт ОСІНЬ дуже багатогранний і об'ємний. Виявляючи мовні засоби, що об'єктивують досліджуваний нами концепт, і описуючи семантику цих одиниць, моделюємо зміст субконцепту ОСІНЬ/AUTUMN як глобальну розумову одиницю в її національній, соціальній і індивідуальній своєрідності. Ці особливості досліджуваного субконцепту використовуються автором для зображення подій, культури і способу життя не лише певних героїв роману, але і країни в цілому, таким чином створюючи фрагмент етнокультурної картини світу. ; The article is dedicated to the research of the peculiarities of an individual author's interpretation of the subconcept verbalized - AUTUMN in the novel "Autumn" by Ali Smith. The basic semantic features of the examined word-representative – AUTUMN were defined. Ali Smith used other wordрrepresentatives in her work that can be attributed to concept SEASONS. It was discovered that the realization of the given words in the text exceeded the semantic scope of their dictionary definitions. In Ali Smith's artistic picture of the world an individually-authorial estimation is manifested that allows the reader to feel the preferences of the author. The writer expresses her attitude towards seasons and in particular to AUTUMN. In the work AUTUMN has a symbolic meaning that is displayed in several directions. Autumn is the time "to reap the benefits" of political transformations: the novel is devoted to the results and issues that arose after the fateful decision was made: according to the results of the voting in referendum on June, 23 2016 the residents of Great Britain decided to leave the European Union. In case of the exit the great number of the laws and regulations accepted on the basis of European ones are to be changed. For the people of the United Kingdom this would be a difficult and crucial moment, one that will pose a variety of legal, political and economic challenges. In addition, the novel also describes the tragedy of aging, as the life of one of the protagonists is coming to an end (Daniel Gluck). Besides AUTUMN is one of the links of an annual cycle, that fact underlines the nature of time – its cyclical essence. Ali Smith's novel shows that the subconcept AUTUMN is very multifaceted and voluminous. By identifying language means objectifying the subconcept and exploring and describing the semantics of these units, we model the content of the linguistic cultural subconcept AUTUN as a global cognitive unit in its national, social and individual identity. These features of the investigated phenomenon are used by the author to depict the events, culture and lifestyle of not only certain characters of the novel but also the country as a whole, thus creating the fragment of the ethnocultural picture of the world.

In today's world, there is a growing need for professionals with computer skills in general, and programming in particular. This is so, both in WEIRD contexts and in contexts that are not. WEIRD is an acronym from English (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic Societies) and is used to refer to certain sectors of societies that are "Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic. The Ecuadorian State makes a high investment in the training of engineering career professionals offered by public universities. In Ecuador, these careers are highly demanded. However, a high student dropout is verified because of basic courses such as Fundamentals of programming in the first levels, with the consequent deficiencies in the performance of the careers. Additionally, the low qualification of students in computer skills indicates that they have not developed their computational thinking skills. In general terms, this situation contributes to the loss of competitiveness of non-WEIRD countries. For this reason, a pedagogical tool was introduced in teaching that allowed motivating programming learning, reducing dropout and improving academic performance in introductory programming courses at the university level. We present empirical evidence of the positive impact of Scratch on the Fundamentals of Programming courses. The use of this pedagogical tool allowed students to develop the concepts of programming logic and the use of basic control structures. Students who used Scratch scored better, reduced the number of suspensions and dropouts, and students were encouraged to enjoy the subject. On the other hand, when developing the exercises with Scratch in combination with the CARAMBA recommendation system, students were motivated to autonomous learning. The use of CARAMBA showed a positive correlation with the chances of success in the course. Specifically, > 52% success, whose result is 8% higher than the use of Scratch alone (without recommendations) and 21% higher than traditional education (without Scratch). The Scratch + CARAMBA tools were scaled to a school environment in non-WEIR contexts for programming learning. The post-application evaluation of the instrument indicated increases in exam scores in all grades analyzed. It should be noted that there was an average increase of 32% in the afternoon sections compared to the morning sections. This work opens a line of future research by bringing a pedagogical tool to different educational environments. The results allow us to propose improvements in CARAMBA's recommendations, especially regarding the variables of usability, interactivity, language and pedagogical aspects. CARAMBA functionality should incorporate educational data mining tools that allow learning models based on the profile of the students. Another aspect that we intend to address is the scalability of the system in order to adapt it to other study scenarios with more users and number of exercises. ; En el mundo actual, existe cada vez mayor necesidad de profesionales con conocimientos de computación en general, y programación en particular. Esto es así, tanto en contextos WEIRD como en contextos que no lo son. WEIRD es un acrónimo procedente del inglés (Western, Educated, Industri alized, Rich and Democratic Societies) y es utilizado para referirse a ciertos sectores de sociedades que son "occidentales, educadas, industrializadas, ricas y democráticas. El Estado ecuatoriano realiza una alta inversión en la formación de profesionales de carreras de ingeniería ofertadas por las universidades públicas. En el Ecuador estas carreras son altamente demandadas. Sin embargo, se verifica una alta deserción estudiantil a causa de cursos básicos como Fundamentos de programación en los primeros niveles, con las consecuentes deficiencias en el desempeño de las carreras. Adicionalmente, la baja calificación de los estudiantes en competencias de computación indica que no tengan desarrollo-ladas sus habilidades de pensamiento computacional. En términos generales, esta situación contribuye a la perdida de la competitividad de los países non WEIRD. Por esta razón se introdujo en la enseñanza una herramienta pedagógica que permitió motivar el aprendizaje de programación, disminuir la deserción´ y mejorar el rendimiento académico en los cursos introductorios de programación a nivel universitario. Presentamos evidencia empírica del impacto positivo de Catch en los cursos de Fundamentos de Programación. El uso de esta herramienta pedagógica permitió desarrollar en los estudiantes los conceptos de lógica de programación y el uso de estructuras básicas de control. Los estudiantes que es-aron Catch obtuvieron mejores notas, redujeron la cantidad de suspensos y de deserciones, y se alentaron a los estudiantes a disfrutar de la asignatura. Por otro lado, al desarrollar los ejercicios con Catch en combinación con el sistema de recomendaciones CARAMBA los estudiantes se vieron motivados al aprendizaje autónomo. El uso de CARAMBA mostro una correlación positiva con las posibilidades de éxito en el curso. Concretamente, ¿52% de éxito, cuyo resultado 8% superior al uso solo de Catch (sin recomendaciones) y 21% superior a la enseñanza tradicional (sin Catch). Las herramientas Scratch+CARAMBA fueron escaladas a un ambiente escolar en contextos non WEIR para el aprendizaje de programación. La evaluación posterior a la aplicación del instrumento indico incrementos en las notas de los exámenes en todos los grados analizados. Vale destacar, que hubo un incremento del promedio de las notas del 32% en las secciones de la tarde respecto a las secciones matutinas. Este trabajo abre una línea de investigación futura al llevar una herramienta pedagógica a diferentes entornos educativos. Se pretende plantear mejoras en las recomendaciones de CARAMBA, en especial respecto a las variables de usabilidad, interactividad, lenguaje y de aspectos pedagógicos. En la funcionalidad de CARAMBA se deben incorporar herramientas de minería de datos educacionales que permitan modelos de aprendizaje basados en el perfil de los estudiantes. Otro aspecto que pretendemos abordar es la escalabilidad del sistema a fin de adaptarlo a otros escenarios de estudio con mas usuarios cantidad de ejercicios.

Abstract: Children's early engagement in design of outdoor spaces can form the basis of laterattitudes and responsible action for sustainability. The present study is part of a participatoryaction research project in an urban multi-ethnic preschool in Sweden,involving children, parents, preschool staff and management with a focus on improvingthe preschool playground. The methodology involved children taking pictures ofthe outdoor space, informal participant observation by one researcher and conversationswith children and teachers. Analyses completed of selected fieldwork excerptsfocus on learning opportunities for children and adults, children's participation,cooperation and leadership for sustainability. Deeper awareness and confidence, andpractical pedagogies for staff in preschools are required for effective sustainabilityeducation. A joint frame of reference on pedagogical practices and processes forreflection is needed within and across early childhood institutions. More continuoustraining of staff and preschool leadership would be of benefit. However, such commitmentis ultimately a matter of policy to invest in giving preschools the means todevelop and realise ambitions for environmental and sustainability education. Résumé: L'engagement précoce des enfants dans la conception des espaces extérieurs peutconstituer une base d'attitudes ultérieures et d'action responsable en faveur de ladurabilité. La présente étude fait partie d'un projet de recherche-action participa-* Birgitta Nordénbirgitta.norden@mau.se1 Department of Science, Mathematics and Society, Faculty of Education and Society, MalmöUniversity, Nordenskiöldsgatan 10, 211 19 Malmö, Sweden2 Centre for Middle Eastern Studies and Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, LundUniversity, Lund, Sweden3 Department of Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Linnaeus University, Kalmar,SwedenB. Nordén, H. Avery1 3tive (RAP) dans un établissement préscolaire multiethnique urbain en Suède, oùles enfants, les parents, le personnel et la direction sont impliqués dans un objectifd'amélioration du terrain de jeux de leur maternelle. La méthodologie utilisée faitappel à des prises de photos de l'espace extérieur par les enfants, une observationinformelle des participants par une personne de la recherche et une discussion avecles enfants et les enseignants. Les analyses réalisées sur des extraits sélectionnés detravaux de terrain sont centrées sur: les occasions d'apprentissage pour les enfants etles adultes, la participation des enfants, et la coopération et le leadership des adultesenvers la durabilité à l'intérieur des institutions et entre celles-ci. Une éducation efficaceà la durabilité exige une sensibilisation et une confiance plus profondes, ainsique des pratiques pédagogiques chez le personnel des établissements préscolaires.Un cadre de référence commun sur les pratiques pédagogiques et les processus deréflexion est nécessaire à l'intérieur et entre les établissements de la petite enfance.Il serait bénéfique d'assurer davantage de formation professionnelle continue chez lepersonnel, y compris pour la direction d'établissements préscolaires. Toutefois, detels engagements relèvent en fin de compte des politiques d'investissement pour donneraux établissements préscolaires les moyens d'établir et de réaliser leurs ambitionsen matière d'éducation à l'environnement et au développement durable. ; Resumen:La participación temprana de los niños en el diseño de espacios al aire libre puedeformar la base de actitudes posteriores y acciones responsables para la sostenibilidad.El presente estudio es parte de un proyecto de investigación de acción participativa(PAR) en un preescolar urbano multiétnico en Suecia, que involucra a niños, padres,personal de preescolar y gerencia con un enfoque en la mejora del patio de recreopreescolar. La metodología implicó que los niños tomaran fotografías del espacio alaire libre, la observación participante informal por parte de un investigador y conversacionescon los niños y los maestros. Los análisis completados de extractos de trabajosde campo seleccionados se centran en las oportunidades de aprendizaje para niñosy adultos; participación de los niños; cooperación y liderazgo para la sostenibilidad.Se requiere una mayor conciencia y confianza, y pedagogías prácticas para el personalde los centros preescolares para una educación sustentable efectiva. Se necesitaun marco de referencia conjunto sobre prácticas y procesos pedagógicos para la reflexióndentro y entre las instituciones de la primera infancia. Sería beneficioso unaformación más continua del personal y del liderazgo preescolar. Sin embargo, dichocompromiso es, en última instancia, una cuestión de política para invertir en brindara los centros preescolares los medios para desarrollar y realizar ambiciones de educaciónambiental y de sostenibilidad. ; Résumé: L'engagement précoce des enfants dans la conception des espaces extérieurs peutconstituer une base d'attitudes ultérieures et d'action responsable en faveur de ladurabilité. La présente étude fait partie d'un projet de recherche-action participative (RAP) dans un établissement préscolaire multiethnique urbain en Suède, oùles enfants, les parents, le personnel et la direction sont impliqués dans un objectifd'amélioration du terrain de jeux de leur maternelle. La méthodologie utilisée faitappel à des prises de photos de l'espace extérieur par les enfants, une observationinformelle des participants par une personne de la recherche et une discussion avecles enfants et les enseignants. Les analyses réalisées sur des extraits sélectionnés detravaux de terrain sont centrées sur: les occasions d'apprentissage pour les enfants etles adultes, la participation des enfants, et la coopération et le leadership des adultesenvers la durabilité à l'intérieur des institutions et entre celles-ci. Une éducation efficaceà la durabilité exige une sensibilisation et une confiance plus profondes, ainsique des pratiques pédagogiques chez le personnel des établissements préscolaires.Un cadre de référence commun sur les pratiques pédagogiques et les processus deréflexion est nécessaire à l'intérieur et entre les établissements de la petite enfance.Il serait bénéfique d'assurer davantage de formation professionnelle continue chez lepersonnel, y compris pour la direction d'établissements préscolaires. Toutefois, detels engagements relèvent en fin de compte des politiques d'investissement pour donneraux établissements préscolaires les moyens d'établir et de réaliser leurs ambitionsen matière d'éducation à l'environnement et au développement durable.

Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and SecurityVolume 4 | March 2020ISSN: 2371-4387 (Print), 2371-4395 (Online)Editors: Catherine Baillie Abidi and Dustin JohnsonContributors: Catherine Baillie Abidi, Jo Becker, Victoria Bryce, Laura Cleave, Roméo Dallaire, Valentina Falco, Dustin Johnson, Marion Laurence, Allyssa Walsh, Alec Wargo, Bill Watkins, and Shelly WhitmanDesign and Production: Megan ChurneyFront Cover and Interior Art: Jessica WiebeBack Cover Photo: UN Photo/Stuart PricePublisher: The Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova ScotiaThe Editors would like to thank the Dallaire Centre of Excellence for Peace and Security for their funding in support of this issue, and the peer reviewers for their critical contributions to this issue of Allons-y.The views, opinions, and analyses expressed in this volume are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative, Dalhousie University, or the authors' respective employers.© 2020 the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.About the Cover Art:"Having been deployed to Afghanistan as a soldier and having seen the reality of children living in war first-hand, the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative resonates with me on many levels. I believe in education and the power of collaboration. I admire the Dallaire Initiative's approach to collaboration with concerned governments, security sector actors, academics, humanitarians and civilian communities to elevate children's rights, well-being, and security in war and conflict zones - especially the direct work with soldiers, police, prison personnel, and private security operators which is critical to the interruption of children's recruitment on the ground."Interdisciplinary artist Jessica Lynn Wiebe is a former artillery soldier in the Canadian military whose body of work centers on reflections of militarism, military life, memory and commemoration. Her interdisciplinary approach investigates the mechanisms of war, including the complex politics around gender, economy, architecture of war, and the human condition. By engaging and challenging deeply-held beliefs and emotions about the military and war, her work generates dialogue among members of the public, government, and those who serve. Jessica was born and raised in Brandon, Manitoba, and currently practices in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Wiebe participated in the Canadian Forces Artist Program (CFAP) 2018–2019 through the Canadian War Museum (CWM) in Ottawa. Currently, Jessica is the artist in residence at the Centre for Art Tapes (CFAT) in Halifax, NS. ; Allons-yJournal of Children, Peace and SecurityVolume 4 | Septembre 2020 | Édition françaiseISSN 2563-4542 (Imprimé)ISSN 2563-4550 (En ligne)Rédacteurs Catherine Baillie Abidi et Dustin JohnsonCollaborateurs Catherine Baillie Abidi, Jo Becker, Victoria Bryce, Laura Cleave, Roméo Dallaire, Valentina Falco, Dustin Johnson, Marion Laurence, Allyssa Walsh, Alec Wargo, Bill Watkins, et Shelly WhitmanConception et production Megan ChurneyIllustrations de la première de couverture et des pages intérieures Jessica WiebePhotographie de la quatrième de couverture Photographie des Nations Unies/Stuart PriceTraduction All Languages Ltd.Éditions L'Institut Dallaire pour les enfants, la paix et la sécuritéUniversité Dalhousie, Halifax, Nouvelle-ÉcosseLa rédaction tient à remercier le Centre d'excellence Dallaire pour la paix et la sécurité de son financement à l'appui de ce numéro, ainsi que les membres du comité de lecture de leur contribution essentielle à ce numéro d'Allons-y.Les points de vue, opinions et analyses exprimés dans ce volume sont ceux des auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement la politique ou la position officielle de l'Institut Dallaire, de l'Université Dalhousie ou des employeurs respectifs des auteurs.© L'Institut Dallaire pour les enfants, la paix et la sécurité, 2020.Distribué sous la licence internationale Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Cette publication peut être téléchargée gratuitement à l'adresse suivante : www.dallaireinstitute.org/publications/Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements, veuillez envoyer un courriel à dustin@dallaireinstitute.org ou à catherine@dallaireinstitute.org À propos des illustrations de la couverture« Comme j'ai été déployée en Afghanistan en tant que soldat et j'ai vu de près la réalité des enfants qui vivent la guerre, l'Institut Dallaire pour les enfants, la paix et la sécurité trouve en moi des échos à plusieurs niveaux. Je crois en l'éducation et au pouvoir de la collaboration. J'admire la démarche de collaboration de l'Institut Dallaire avec les gouvernements concernés, les intervenants du secteur de la sécurité, les universitaires, le personnel humanitaire et les communautés civiles afin d'améliorer les droits, le bien-être et la sécurité des enfants dans les zones de guerre et de conflit, en particulier le travail direct avec les soldats, la police, le personnel pénitentiaire et les opérateurs de sécurité privés qui est essentiel pour interrompre le recrutement des enfants sur le terrain. »L'artiste interdisciplinaire Jessica Lynn Wiebe est une ancienne femme soldat d'artillerie des Forces armées canadiennes dont l'oeuvre tourne autour de réflexions sur le militarisme, la vie militaire, la mémoire et la commémoration. Sa vision interdisciplinaire étudie les mécanismes de la guerre, notamment les politiques complexes liées à la problématique hommes-femmes, à l'économie, à l'architecture de la guerre et à la condition humaine. En ouvrant la réflexion sur des croyances et des émotions profondément ancrées au sujet des forces militaires et de la guerre, et en les remettant en question, son travail génère un dialogue entre les membres du public, le gouvernement et les membres qui servent. Mme Wiebe est née et a grandi à Brandon, au Manitoba, et exerce actuellement à Halifax, en Nouvelle-Écosse. Elle a participé au Programme d'arts des Forces canadiennes (PAFC) 2018-2019 par l'intermédiaire du Musée canadien de la guerre à Ottawa. Actuellement, Mme Wiebe assume les fonctions d'artiste en résidence au Centre for Art Tapes (CFAT) à Halifax, en Nouvelle-Écosse.

It gives me pleasure to present the editorial preface of the International Journal of Machine Learning and Networked Collaborative Engineering (IJMLNCE) Volume 04 No 02 (2020). This issue comprises five manuscripts contributed by authors. The first paper of this issue titles, "Edge detection of Friction Stir Welded Joints by using Fourier Transformation," is contributed by Akshansh Mishra et. Al. In the manuscript, the authors have implemented two machine learning-based image processing techniques. They stated that visual inspection had played a vital role in the beginning era of science. Nowadays, image processing is finding application for defects analysis of the manufactured parts in many industrial processes. We have implemented two machine learning-based image processing techniques in recent work, i.e., Fourier Transformation operator and Laplacian operator for the surface defects detection in Friction Stir Welded joints. In conclusion, The quality of the weld surface in the Friction Stir Welding process depends on the input parameters such as Tool Rotational Speed (rpm), Tool Traverse Speed (mm/min), and an Axial Force (kN). The second paper, titled "Utilize Machine Learning Methods to Detect Plaintext Passwords," is authored by Nada Alnoaimi et. Al. In this article, information security explores, where the author states that every company is a target today, no matter its type. Hackers and cybercriminals are after data which they can monetize in many ways. Being proactive and have a defensive and protective plan in place, such as evaluating and assessing IT security, is an excellent recipe for avoiding data breaches and, consequently, business disasters. Why not utilizing a machine learning platform could be trained to search text in a computer resource, detect a string of plaintext characters, and analyze the string of characters to predict or detect a plaintext password on a computer resource asset. The machine will be able to catch a plaintext password in a character string by analyzing plaintext character strings for typical password complexity, such as, for example, including at least one uppercase letter, lowercase letter, number, unique character, and text length (for example, minimum of eight characters). It will also predict a level of certainty that a character string includes a password and output a confidence score based on the expected level of certainty. Finally, it will categorize the confidence score in any number of prediction certainty levels, including, for example, three groups – high, medium, or low. S Nagaprasad et al. contributed the third article for this issue titled "Heart Disease Prediction Propagation approach." Data mining methods are used to test complex data, and regression processing based on input data sets is used to estimate results. A variety of prediction analysis methods have been implemented in recent years. The clustering method k-means and SVM ( support vector machine) are a statistical, computational technique for clustering and defining primary data to detect cardiac disorders. In this study, the Back Propagation Method is used in tandem with the k-means clustering algorithm to cluster knowledge for improved prediction research performance. The implemented algorithm's output is found in the cardiac disorder data sample collected from the UCI depositor. Within this sample, there are 66 attributes.Nonetheless, a subgroup of 14 qualities is needed for every study. The Cleveland platform is utilized in particular for machine-learning investigators. The research designed correlates with the current techniques, precision, error identification, and deployment time (using the numerical mean). The Fourth article, title "Discovering Trending Topics from the Tweets By Odia News Media During Covid-19," was contributed by Swarupananda Bissoyi et. Al. This paper explores the Covid-19 pandemic's onset, and the lockdown imposed because it has significantly fueled news consumption. News portals, including the ones in Odia language, are actively feeding news related to Covid-19 to their consumers via their websites and Twitter handles. The news items didn't restrict to Covid-19 alone; they also touched various domains of life like education, healthcare, administration, politics, movies, etc. Discovery of the news trends provides a bird's eye view of the issues and topics popular in the online community. This could be of interest to advertisers, marketers, researchers, sociologists, and policymakers. This paper applies Topic Modeling to discover the trends from the tweets made by the Odia news media from 20th March 2020 to 31st August 2020, the period which saw the emergence of both lockdowns and unlocks in India. We found that during this period, the Odia news media didn't restrict themselves to report news surrounding Covid-19; rather they reported other happenings as well. In the fifth and last article of this issue, titled "Designing Hand-Held Vibration Measuring Device for Industrial Machines," is contributed by Thi Dieu Linh Nguyen et al., In this manuscript, the authors discuss that Evaluating the quality of industrial machines, the vibration meter is used to measure the actual vibration of the machine. The two most important parameters describing machine vibration, amplitude, and frequency, are the basis for determining the cause of vibrations. Spectral analysis of the vibration signal will give information about the vibration level and choose which part of the machine the vibration signal is caused. This paper presents the manufacturing of vibration measuring devices with simple structure, compact size, and high accuracy at a reasonable price. The spectral analysis method of vibrating signals and real-time spectrum display of the measured vibration signals I am sure that these five papers included in the International Journal of Machine Learning and Networked Collaborative Engineering (IJMLNCE) Volume 04 No 02 (2020) will be useful to the research community. At this end, I am thankful to the Editorial board member for their timely support in the review. I am looking forward to receiving your unpublished research work for Volume 05 No 01 (2021).

In today's world, there is a growing need for professionals with computer skills in general, and programming in particular. This is so, both in WEIRD contexts and in contexts that are not. WEIRD is an acronym from English (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic Societies) and is used to refer to certain sectors of societies that are "Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic. The Ecuadorian State makes a high investment in the training of engineering career professionals offered by public universities. In Ecuador, these careers are highly demanded. However, a high student dropout is verified because of basic courses such as Fundamentals of programming in the first levels, with the consequent deficiencies in the performance of the careers. Additionally, the low qualification of students in computer skills indicates that they have not developed their computational thinking skills. In general terms, this situation contributes to the loss of competitiveness of non-WEIRD countries. For this reason, a pedagogical tool was introduced in teaching that allowed motivating programming learning, reducing dropout and improving academic performance in introductory programming courses at the university level. We present empirical evidence of the positive impact of Scratch on the Fundamentals of Programming courses. The use of this pedagogical tool allowed students to develop the concepts of programming logic and the use of basic control structures. Students who used Scratch scored better, reduced the number of suspensions and dropouts, and students were encouraged to enjoy the subject. On the other hand, when developing the exercises with Scratch in combination with the CARAMBA recommendation system, students were motivated to autonomous learning. The use of CARAMBA showed a positive correlation with the chances of success in the course. Specifically, > 52% success, whose result is 8% higher than the use of Scratch alone (without recommendations) and 21% higher than traditional education (without Scratch). The Scratch + CARAMBA tools were scaled to a school environment in non-WEIR contexts for programming learning. The post-application evaluation of the instrument indicated increases in exam scores in all grades analyzed. It should be noted that there was an average increase of 32% in the afternoon sections compared to the morning sections. This work opens a line of future research by bringing a pedagogical tool to different educational environments. The results allow us to propose improvements in CARAMBA's recommendations, especially regarding the variables of usability, interactivity, language and pedagogical aspects. CARAMBA functionality should incorporate educational data mining tools that allow learning models based on the profile of the students. Another aspect that we intend to address is the scalability of the system in order to adapt it to other study scenarios with more users and number of exercises. ; En el mundo actual, existe cada vez mayor necesidad de profesionales con conocimientos de computación en general, y programación en particular. Esto es así, tanto en contextos WEIRD como en contextos que no lo son. WEIRD es un acrónimo procedente del inglés (Western, Educated, Industri alized, Rich and Democratic Societies) y es utilizado para referirse a ciertos sectores de sociedades que son "occidentales, educadas, industrializadas, ricas y democráticas. El Estado ecuatoriano realiza una alta inversión en la formación de profesionales de carreras de ingeniería ofertadas por las universidades públicas. En el Ecuador estas carreras son altamente demandadas. Sin embargo, se verifica una alta deserción estudiantil a causa de cursos básicos como Fundamentos de programación en los primeros niveles, con las consecuentes deficiencias en el desempeño de las carreras. Adicionalmente, la baja calificación de los estudiantes en competencias de computación indica que no tengan desarrollo-ladas sus habilidades de pensamiento computacional. En términos generales, esta situación contribuye a la perdida de la competitividad de los países non WEIRD. Por esta razón se introdujo en la enseñanza una herramienta pedagógica que permitió motivar el aprendizaje de programación, disminuir la deserción´ y mejorar el rendimiento académico en los cursos introductorios de programación a nivel universitario. Presentamos evidencia empírica del impacto positivo de Catch en los cursos de Fundamentos de Programación. El uso de esta herramienta pedagógica permitió desarrollar en los estudiantes los conceptos de lógica de programación y el uso de estructuras básicas de control. Los estudiantes que es-aron Catch obtuvieron mejores notas, redujeron la cantidad de suspensos y de deserciones, y se alentaron a los estudiantes a disfrutar de la asignatura. Por otro lado, al desarrollar los ejercicios con Catch en combinación con el sistema de recomendaciones CARAMBA los estudiantes se vieron motivados al aprendizaje autónomo. El uso de CARAMBA mostro una correlación positiva con las posibilidades de éxito en el curso. Concretamente, ¿52% de éxito, cuyo resultado 8% superior al uso solo de Catch (sin recomendaciones) y 21% superior a la enseñanza tradicional (sin Catch). Las herramientas Scratch+CARAMBA fueron escaladas a un ambiente escolar en contextos non WEIR para el aprendizaje de programación. La evaluación posterior a la aplicación del instrumento indico incrementos en las notas de los exámenes en todos los grados analizados. Vale destacar, que hubo un incremento del promedio de las notas del 32% en las secciones de la tarde respecto a las secciones matutinas. Este trabajo abre una línea de investigación futura al llevar una herramienta pedagógica a diferentes entornos educativos. Se pretende plantear mejoras en las recomendaciones de CARAMBA, en especial respecto a las variables de usabilidad, interactividad, lenguaje y de aspectos pedagógicos. En la funcionalidad de CARAMBA se deben incorporar herramientas de minería de datos educacionales que permitan modelos de aprendizaje basados en el perfil de los estudiantes. Otro aspecto que pretendemos abordar es la escalabilidad del sistema a fin de adaptarlo a otros escenarios de estudio con mas usuarios cantidad de ejercicios.

Summary. The article deals with the constitutional and legal regulation of the right of municipal property in member countries of the EU. It is noted that the constitutions of the Member States mostly ignore the concept of ownership of local self-government. At the same time, the constitutions reinforce the issue of material and financial basis. As a rule, the translation from the languages of the member countries of the EU into English uses the notion of «municipal property», «local government property» or «public property». In the constitutions of the member countries of the EU, the principle of financial and financial autonomy, guarantees of local self-government are found. The legal basis of municipal property rights is also determined by the local government law, and sometimes by a municipal property law and local acts. The municipal property laws set out the basic principles of municipal property management. It is noted that the management is in the interest of the population of the municipality and with the care of «good governance». It is stated that the existence of a special law on the property of local self-government does not solve all issues of systematization of legislation in this area. It is summarized that in the study of the conceptual apparatus in the sphere of municipal (communal) property, the essence of this right is of fundamental importance. In the legislation of these countries there are both concepts: «municipal» and «communal property». These concepts should be regarded as synonymous and for the convenience of designating this form of ownership in the EU Member States, it is permissible to apply the concept of «municipal property». Examples of application of both concepts in constitutional legal acts are given. The article concludes that, regardless of the subject of the right of municipal property, democratic states provide guarantees for the management of municipal property for the benefit of the community; attention is paid to objects that are in permanent exploitation by residents of communes. The author note the direct link between the powers of local governments, the interests and needs of the community and municipal property. Functional delineation of municipal property by local governments influences the decision to acquire, multiply and dispose of them. Local government real estate management in these countries draws attention to the object of management, goals and main purpose, basic decision-making principles, etc. KEYWORDS: the right of municipal property, municipal property, community property, public property, local self-government bodies. ; Лилия Гришко ПРАВО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ В ГОСУДАРСТВАХ-ЧЛЕНАХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА: ВОПРОСЫ КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ Аннотация. В статье исследованы конституционно-правовое регулирование права коммунальной собственности в государствах-членах ЕС. Отмечено, что в конституциях государств-членов преимущественно обходится вниманием понятие, которым обозначается собственность местного самоуправления. В то же время, конституции закрепляют вопросы материально-финансовых основ. В конституциях государств-членов ЕС встречаются принцип материально-финансовой самостоятельности, гарантии местного самоуправления, реже предусматривается гарантия собственности местного самоуправления. Нормативная основа права муниципальной собственности определяется также законом о местном самоуправлении, а иногда и специальным законом о муниципальной собственности и локальными актами. Законами о муниципальной собственности закреплены основные принципы управления муниципальной собственностью. В законодательстве этих стран встречаются оба понятия: «муниципальная» и «коммунальная собственность». Приведены примеры закрепления этих понятий в конституционно-правовых актах. Отмечается непосредственная связь между полномочиями органов местного самоуправления, интересами и потребностями общины и муниципальной собственностью. В управлении недвижимостью местного самоуправления в этих странах обращается внимание на объект управления, основные цели, основные принципы принятия решений и др. вопросы. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: право муниципальной собственности, муниципальная собственность, коммунальная собственность, публичная собственность, органы местного самоуправления. ; АНОТАЦІЯ. У статті досліджено конституційно-правове регулювання права комунальної власності в державах-членах ЄС. Відзначено, що у конституціях держав-членів переважно оминається поняття, яким позначається власність місцевого самоврядування. Водночас, конституції закріплюють питання матеріально-фінансової основи. Як правило, у перекладах з мов держав-членів на англійську застосовується поняття «муніципальна власність», «власність місцевого самоврядування» або «публічна власність». У конституціях цих країн зустрічаються принцип матеріально-фінансової самостійності, гарантії місцевого самоврядування, рідше передбачається гарантія власності місцевого самоврядування. Нормативна основа права муніципальної власності визначається також законом про місцеве самоврядування, а іноді і спеціальним законом про муніципальну власність та локальними актами. Законами про муніципальну власність закріплено основні принципи управління муніципальною власністю.Відзначається, що управління здійснюється в інтересах населення муніципалітету та з турботою про «добре врядування» (good governance).Констатується, що наявність спеціального закону про власність місцевого самоврядування не вирішує усіх питань систематизації законодавства у цій сфері. Підсумовується, що при досліджені понятійного апарату у сфері муніципальної (комунальної) власності, основне значення має саме сутність даного права. У законодавстві цих країн зустрічаються обидва поняття: «муніципальна» та «комунальна власність». Ці поняття слід розглядати як синоніми і для зручності позначення цієї форми власності у державах-членах ЄС допустимо застосування поняття «муніципальна власність». Наведено приклади вживання обох понять у конституційно-правових актах. У статті зроблено висновок, що не залежно від того хто виступає у відповідності до законодавства суб'єктом, який наділяється цим правом, демократичні держави передбачають гарантії управління об'єктами муніципальної власності в інтересах громади, звертається увага на об'єкти, які перебувають у постійні експлуатації жителями комун/общин. Наголошується на безпосередньому зв'язку між повноваженнями органів місцевого самоврядування, інтересами та потребами громади та муніципальною власністю. Те, як органи місцевого самоврядування здійснюють функціональне розмежування об'єктів муніципальної власності, впливає на рішення щодо придбання, примноження та розпорядження ними. В управлінні нерухомістю місцевого самоврядування у цих країнах звертається увага на об'єкт управління, цілі та основну мету, основні принципи прийняття рішень та ін.

Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, despite their relative power capabilities in the region, similar state regime and motivations, and external pressure coming from the presence of regional powerful states, Russia, and China, exhibit distinct behaviors in regional and international participation. More precisely, the difference is seen in their membership policies regarding the regional organizations and international partnerships. Kazakhstan stands for a more multilateral approach and engaged in state branding in the international arena, while Uzbekistan prefers to keep a low profile in regional organizations and international partnerships. However, if Uzbekistan's adherence to bilateralism might be explained by the ineffectiveness of regional organizations and overall mistrust, this very reason cannot explain Kazakhstan's adherence to multiple regional frameworks. The thesis does not claim that all Central Asian states should act similarly. Each state is unique itself and has its specific historical background despite the general similarity of Turkic origin and language, religion, and Soviet-communist past. Their motivations for the state's political independence and sovereignty are similar as well. As the realist account assumes, these motivations could have pushed them either to balance against or bandwagon Russia and China, as the most proximate regional great powers. However, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan neither balanced against Russia or China nor band-wagoned one of them exclusively. Yet, they balance regional great powers differently than the realist account would expect and produce distinct regional and international participation behaviors. Arising from this, the thesis asks the question of why are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan engaged in different foreign policy behaviors, especially in their participation to regional organizations and international partnerships, despite their similar authoritarian regimes with prominent leaders and neighboring position in Central Asia? The thesis argues that the difference in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan's regional and international participation behavior might be affected by different national roles such as "Eurasian Bridge" and "Independent Actor" which are defined by different leadership styles of prominent leaders, Nursultan Nazarbayev and Islam Karimov, that originate the different types of decisions and foreign policy preferences despite the similar authoritarian regime types and neighboring location in the Central Asian region. National role conceptions, utilized by Role theory, are products of the state's historical memory and development determined by both material and ideational factors as well as internal and external environments and demands. Thus, it presents a useful analytical framework for the search of the states' diversified behaviors. To evaluate the effect of decision-makers on the role construction, the thesis integrates methodologies of Naomi Wish (national role conceptions) and Margaret Hermann's leadership trait analysis (LTA). By integrating these two frameworks and methodologies, the thesis studies state-level (national role conceptions) and individual level (leaders' personalities) factors that might affect the regional and international participation behavior (international level) of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Finally, through the comparison of findings, the thesis will investigate to what extent these variables affected the diversification of international behaviors of these states. ; Kazakistan ve Özbekistan, bölgedeki benzer güç kapasitelerine, benzer devlet motivasyonlarına ve bölgesel güçlü devletler, Rusya ve Çin'in varlığından gelen dış etkiye rağmen, bölgesel ve uluslararası katılımda farklı davranışlar sergilemektedir. Daha doğrusu, bölgesel örgütler ve uluslararası ortaklıklarla ilgili üyelik politikalarında farklılık görülmektedir. Kazakistan daha çok taraflı bir yaklaşımı savunarak uluslararası seviyede devletin tanınması için çaba sarf ederken, Özbekistan bölgesel örgütlerde ve uluslararas ı ortaklıklarda düşük bir profil tutmayı tercih etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Özbekistan'ın diğer devletlerle iki taraflı yaklaşımı bölgedeki kuruluşlar ve örgütlerin etkisizliği ve genel güvensizlik ile açıklanabilirken, Kazakistan'ın çok taraflı yaklaşımı tercih etmesini bölgesel örgütlerin etkisizliği çerçevesinde açıklamak epeyce zordur. Bu tez tüm Orta Asya devletlerinin benzer şekilde hareket etmesi gerektiğini iddia etmemektedir. Kazakistan ve Özbekistan'ın ortak Türk kökenli olup, dil ve din yönünden ortak noktalara sahip olmasına ve Sovyet-komünist rejiminden kaynaklanan genel benzerliğine rağmen, iki ülke kendine has milli yapılara ve kendine özgü tarihsel geçmişe sahiptir. Ancak, iki devletin siyasi bağımsızlık ve egemenlikle ilgili devlet motivasyonları benzemektedir. Realist ekolün varsaydığı gibi, bu koşullarda devletler Rusya ve Çin'e karşı dengelemeye yönelebilirdi veya birinin önderliğine katılarak güçlü tarafa doğru eğilim gösterebilirdi. Ancak, Kazakistan ve Özbekistan ne Rusya ne Çin'e karşı denge kurdular ne de bunlardan birinin yanında tek taraflı olarak yer aldılar. Yine de devletler güç dağılımını realist ekolün beklediğinden farklı bir şekilde dengelemektedirler ve farklı bölgesel ve uluslararası katılım davranışları sergilemektedirler. Buradan hareketle tez, Orta Asya'nın önde gelen iki ülkesinin benzer otoriter rejimlerine ve benzer bölgesel konumlarına rağmen neden bölgesel örgütlere ve uluslararası ortaklıklara katılımlarında farklı davranışlar sergiledikleri sorusunu sormaktadır. Bu tez, Kazakistan ve Özbekistan'ın bölgesel ve uluslararası katılım davranışlarındaki farklılıklarının, devlet liderleri Nursultan Nazarbayev ve İslam Karimov'un farklı liderlik tarzları aracılığıyla tanımlanan "Avrasya Köprüsü" ve "Bağımsız Aktör" gibi farklı ulusal rollerden etkilenebileceğini savunmaktadır. Farklı yapıdaki ulusal roller benzer otoriter rejim ve bölgesel komşu konumu olmasına rağmen iki ülkenin aynı bölgesel örgütler ve uluslararası ortaklıklarda farklı karar almasına ve farklı davranış tercihlerinin oluşmasına neden olabilir. Rol teorisi tarafından kullanılan ulusal rol kavramları, devletin hem maddi hem de düşünsel faktörlerin ile iç ve dış çevre taleplerinden kaynaklanan tarihsel hafızasının ve gelişiminin ürünleridir. Bu nedenle, devletlerin çeşitlendirilmiş davranışlarının araştırılması için yararlı bir analitik çerçeve sunar. Karar vericilerin rol inşası üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için bu tez, Naomi Wish'in (ulusal rol kavramları) metodolojisini ve Margaret Hermann'ın liderlik analizini (LTA) birleştiriyor. Tez, bu iki çerçeve ve metodolojiyi bütünleştirerek, Kazakistan ve Özbekistan'ın bölgesel ve uluslararası katılım davranışını (uluslararası düzey) etkileyebilecek devlet düzeyindeki (ulusal rol kavramları) ve bireysel düzeydeki (liderlerin kişilikleri) faktörleri incelemektedir. Son olarak, bulguların karşılaştırılması yoluyla bahsedilen değişkenlerin bu devletlerin bölgesel ve uluslararası katılım davranışlarının çeşitlenmesini ne ölçüde etkilediğini araştıracaktır.

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей индивидуально-авторской интерпретации вербализованного субконцепта ОСЕНЬ/AUTUMN в романе «Осень» Али Смит. В работе были определены основные семантические признаки рассматриваемого слова-репрезентанта - ОСЕНЬ. Али Смит в своем произведении использовала и другие слова-репрезентанты, которые можно отнести к концепту ВРЕМЕНА ГОДА/SEASONS. Было обнаружено, что реализация данных слов в тексте превысила семантический объем их словарных дефиниций. В художественной картине мира Али Смит проявляется индивидуально-авторская оценка, что позволяет читателю почувствовать предпочтения писательницы. Автор выражает свое отношение к временам года и конкретно к ОСЕНИ. ОСЕНЬ имеет в романе символический смысл, который отображен в нескольких направлениях. Это и время «пожинать плоды» политических трансформаций - роман посвящен результатам и вопросам, которые возникли после принятия судьбоносного решения. По результатам подсчета голосов на референдуме 23 июня 2016 года жители Великобритании проголосовали за выход из Евросоюза. В случае выхода из союза придется изменить множество законов и регуляций, принятых на основе европейских. Для жителей Соединенного Королевства это будет тяжелый и переломный момент, который поставит разнообразные юридические, политические и экономические задачи. Кроме этого, в романе описывается и трагедия старения, так как жизнь одного из главных героев подходит к концу (Дэниэла Глюка). К тому же ОСЕНЬ - это и одно из звеньев годового цикла, что подчеркивает природу времени – его цикличность. Роман Али Смит показывает, что субконцепт ОСЕНЬ очень многогранен и объемен. Выявляя языковые средства, объективирующие исследуемый нами концепт, и описывая семантику этих единиц, моделируем содержание субконцепта ОСЕНЬ/AUTUMN как глобальную мыслительную единицу в ее национальном, социальном и индивидуальном своеобразии. Эти особенности исследуемого субконцепта используются автором для изображения событий, культуры и образа жизни не только определенных героев романа, но и страны в целом, таким образом создавая фрагмент этнокультурной картины мира. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей індивідуально-авторської інтерпретації вербализованого субконцепту ОСІНЬ/AUTUMN в романі "Осінь" Алі Сміт. У роботі були визначені основні семантичні ознаки основного слова-репрезентанта - ОСІНЬ. Алі Сміт у своєму творі використала і інші слова-репрезентанти, які можна віднести до концепту ПОРИ РОКУ/SEASONS. Було виявлено, що реалізація цих слів у тексті перевищила семантичний обсяг їх словникових дефініцій. У художній картині світу Алі Сміт проявляється індивідуально-авторська оцінка, що дозволяє читачеві відчути вподобання і бачкення письменниці. Автор виражає своє відношення до пір року і конкретно до ОСЕНІ. ОСІНЬ має в романі символічний сенс, який відображений у декількох напрямах. Це і час "пожинати плоди" політичних трансформацій - роман присвячений результатам і питанням, які виникли після ухвалення доленосного рішення: за результатами підрахунку голосів на референдумі 23 червня 2016 роки жителі Великобританії проголосували за вихід з Євросоюзу. У разі виходу з союзу доведеться змінити безліч законів і регуляцій, прийнятих на основі європейських. Для жителів Сполученого Королівства це буде важкий і переломний момент, який поставить різноманітні юридичні, політичні і економічні завдання. Окрім цього, в романі описується і трагедія старіння, оскільки життя одного з головних героїв добігає кінця (Дэниела Глюка). До того ж ОСІНЬ - це і одна з ланок річного циклу, що підкреслює природу часу - його циклічність. Роман Алі Сміт показує, що субконцепт ОСІНЬ дуже багатогранний і об'ємний. Виявляючи мовні засоби, що об'єктивують досліджуваний нами концепт, і описуючи семантику цих одиниць, моделюємо зміст субконцепту ОСІНЬ/AUTUMN як глобальну розумову одиницю в її національній, соціальній і індивідуальній своєрідності. Ці особливості досліджуваного субконцепту використовуються автором для зображення подій, культури і способу життя не лише певних героїв роману, але і країни в цілому, таким чином створюючи фрагмент етнокультурної картини світу. ; The article is dedicated to the research of the peculiarities of an individual author's interpretation of the subconcept verbalized - AUTUMN in the novel "Autumn" by Ali Smith. The basic semantic features of the examined word-representative – AUTUMN were defined. Ali Smith used other wordрrepresentatives in her work that can be attributed to concept SEASONS. It was discovered that the realization of the given words in the text exceeded the semantic scope of their dictionary definitions. In Ali Smith's artistic picture of the world an individually-authorial estimation is manifested that allows the reader to feel the preferences of the author. The writer expresses her attitude towards seasons and in particular to AUTUMN. In the work AUTUMN has a symbolic meaning that is displayed in several directions. Autumn is the time "to reap the benefits" of political transformations: the novel is devoted to the results and issues that arose after the fateful decision was made: according to the results of the voting in referendum on June, 23 2016 the residents of Great Britain decided to leave the European Union. In case of the exit the great number of the laws and regulations accepted on the basis of European ones are to be changed. For the people of the United Kingdom this would be a difficult and crucial moment, one that will pose a variety of legal, political and economic challenges. In addition, the novel also describes the tragedy of aging, as the life of one of the protagonists is coming to an end (Daniel Gluck). Besides AUTUMN is one of the links of an annual cycle, that fact underlines the nature of time – its cyclical essence. Ali Smith's novel shows that the subconcept AUTUMN is very multifaceted and voluminous. By identifying language means objectifying the subconcept and exploring and describing the semantics of these units, we model the content of the linguistic cultural subconcept AUTUN as a global cognitive unit in its national, social and individual identity. These features of the investigated phenomenon are used by the author to depict the events, culture and lifestyle of not only certain characters of the novel but also the country as a whole, thus creating the fragment of the ethnocultural picture of the world.

Trigeneration systems with thermal storage (CCHP-TS) contribute to the distributed generation of energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, it is important to assess their techno-economic feasibility to ensure long-term implementation. Moreover, determining and characterizing the influential variables is essential to identify the most viable application fields. Potentially, this could foster the interest of project managers, investors, and policymakers, therefore encouraging the adoption of this technology. Several authors suggest that energy prices and loads are important variables for the techno-economic feasibility of CCHP-TS systems. Particularly they have explored the Spark Spread rate, a ratio between the cost of electricity from the grid and the CHP fuel. However, just a few studies are assessing the prices and loads together, with some limitations in their model, the technology analyzed, or even the resolution of the loads. As the literature reveals that energy prices and loads size are important variables, this study aims to analyze two hypotheses proposed: 1) There is a combination of energy prices and the size of the annual energy loads that makes techno-economically feasible a CCHP-TS system; 2) The energy prices (electricity and natural gas) should be considered separately instead of consolidating them into the spark spread rate (SS). The analysis is divided into two phases. The first one is an exploratory analysis aiming to demonstrate that the model for CCHP-TS is relevant and sensitive to the variables of analysis (energy prices and loads). The second is a rigorous sensitivity analysis and the comparison of three approaches: Morris, Sobol, and VARS. The results state that energy prices and the annual size of the electric load are the most relevant variables on the feasibility of a CCHP-TS system. The order of relevance between the energy prices relies on the measure used for the economic performance: either absolute (expressed in the amount of savings [in US dollar(s)]) or relative (expressed in the percentage of savings [%]). But in both cases, the price of the fuel is the variable with the largest interaction effects. The methodology of the first phase incorporates tools such as full factorial design of experiments (DoE), DER-CAM simulation and optimization tool, and a novel combination of k-Means clustering and multicriteria decision making (MCDM). For the second phase, it is mainly the use of global sensitivity analysis methods and the adaptation of a CCHP-TS model into the programming language Python, using the optimization library PYOMO and the solver CPLEX. In this second phase, the implementation of the three sensitivity analysis methods allowed identifying their advantages and limitations. Moreover, this complementarity thereby reinforced the techno-economic feasibility analysis. ; Les systèmes de trigénération couplés à du stockage thermique (CCHP-TS) contribuent à la production distribuée d'énergie et à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Néanmoins, il est important d'évaluer leur faisabilité technico-économique pour assurer une mise en oeuvre à long terme. Par ailleurs, la détermination et la caractérisation des variables influentes sont essentielles pour identifier les domaines d'application les plus viables. Potentiellement, cela peut stimuler l'intérêt des chefs de projet, des investisseurs et des décideurs politiques, encourageant ainsi l'adoption de cette technologie. Plusieurs auteurs suggèrent que les prix et les demandes en énergies (électricité, chaleur et froid) sont des variables importantes de la faisabilité technico-économique des systèmes CCHP-TS. Ils ont notamment utilisé le ratio Spark Spread (SS) qui est le rapport entre le coût de l'électricité du réseau et le combustible de cogénération. Cependant, seules quelques études évaluent l'influence combinée des prix et de la demande en énergies, avec certaines limites dans leur modèle, la technologie analysée ou même la résolution temporelle de la demande. Comme la littérature révèle que les prix de l'énergie et les niveaux de demandes sont des variables importantes, cette étude propose et analyse deux hypothèses : 1) Il existe un couplage entre les prix de l'énergie et la variabilité des demandes en énergies qui influe techniquement et économiquement sur la faisabilité des systèmes CCHP-TS; 2) Les prix de l'énergie (électricité et gaz naturel) doivent être considérés séparément plutôt que d'utiliser le ratio Spark Spread. Le travail est divisé en deux phases. La première est une analyse exploratoire visant à démontrer que le modèle utilisé de CCHP-TS est pertinent et sensible aux variables d'analyse (prix et demandes énergétiques). La seconde est une analyse de sensibilité rigoureuse qui permet de plus une comparaison de trois «approches» : Morris, Sobol et VARS. Les résultats indiquent que les prix de l'énergie et l'importance de la demande électrique sont les variables les plus importantes pour garantir la faisabilité d'un système CCHP-TS. L'ordre d'importance entre les prix de l'énergie diffère selon que l'indicateur de performance économique utilisé soit absolu (montant d'économies réalisées [en dollar(s) US]) ou relatif (pourcentage d'économies réalisées [%]). Dans les deux cas, le prix du carburant est la variable ayant un effet d'interaction avec les autres variables le plus importants. La méthodologie de la première phase intègre des outils tels que le plan d'expériences factoriel complet, l'outil de simulation et d'optimisation DER-CAM et une nouvelle combinaison de la méthode de clustering k-Means et d'une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritère (MCDM). Pour la deuxième phase, il s'agit principalement de l'utilisation des méthodes globales d'analyse de sensibilité et de l'adaptation d'un modèle CCHP-TS programmée en langage Python qui utilise la bibliothèque d'optimisation PYOMO et le solveur CPLEX. Dans cette deuxième phase, la mise en oeuvre des trois méthodes d'analyse de sensibilité a permis une identification des avantages et limites de chacune. L'analyse de la faisabilité techno-économique s'en trouve renforcée en utilisant leurs complémentarités.

Questa tesi di laurea si occupa della critica sociale di Dario Fo, un ricevitore del Premio Nobel, chi, collaborando spesso con sua moglie e musa Franca Rame, ha creato tante opere provocative e divertenti, come la raccolta Tutta casa, letto e chiesa. La coppia ha riconosciuto l'umorismo come un punto di forza del personaggio che può migliorare la qualità della vita. Sempre sorridendo, con il suo umorismo esagerato, lui riguardava i problemi sociali dei più oppressi e della gente nelle circostanze molto dure. Siccome lui e la Rame hanno sopravissuto tante difficoltà, Fo ha inserito nelle sue opere l'autenticità e uno spirito quasi aggressivo nei confronti del sistema in Italia, di politici corrotti, dei manipolatori e dei corruttori. L'umorismo si può trovare nei luoghi più insoliti, inaspettati e pericolosi, pieni della violenza famigliare, dell'opportunismo, del sessismo e del terrore. Con la loro opera Tutta casa, letto e chiesa hanno confermato che la lingua può reinventare la realtà, dimostrarla come fantastica, inventata e così evitare la censura dei politici e cercare di risolvere i problemi contemporanei indirettamente. L'opera Tutta casa, letto e chiesa è una raccolta di monologhi, destinati prima di tutto alle donne per sostenere gli ideali femministici e egualitari. I personaggi nella opera si differiscono per i loro tratti esterni come l'età e i ruoli sociali (una madre, una figlia, una moglie.), ma hanno in comune che contraddicono alla tradizione e alle abitudini che si prendono per normali con il senso per l'umorismo macabre. I personaggi sono delineati, anche se sono complessi in teoria, si comportano come spettatori, oppure meglio dire le vittime di circostanze sociali. Loro possono dire qualcosa, qualche critica, ma gli altri le raramente ascoltano, siccome sembrano di essere combattute. I personaggi ed il loro modo di pensare si sviluppano all'interno di una società nella cui cercano di trovare i rifugi e di essere felici, ma in fine dei conti è ovvio che l'unica verità che conta è nella mente di ogni individuo. ; Glavna tema ovog diplomskog rada je društvena kritika Daria Foa, dobitnika Nobelove nagrade, koji je često surađivao sa svojom suprugom i muzom Francom Rame, stvarajući tako mnoga provokativna i zabavna književna djela, uključujući djelo Tutta casa, letto e chiesa. Par prilazi humoru kao karakternoj crti koja može poboljšati kvalitetu života. Uvijek kroz smijeh i svojim preuveličanim humorom, Fo je prikazivao probleme potlačenih i ljudi s problemima u društvu. Također, budući da su on i Rame preživjeli mnoge poteškoće, njegova djela karakterizira autentičnost i gotovo agresivan duh kritike vladajućeg sustava u Italiji, korumpiranih političara, manipulatora i korumpatora. Humor se može pronaći na najneobičnijim, neočekivanim i najopasnijim mjestima pa tako i tamo gdje dominira obiteljsko nasilje, oportunizam, seksizam i teror. S djelom Tutta casa, letto e chiesa par je potvrdio da jezik može izmjeniti stvarnost, pokazati je fantastičnom ili izmišljenom, te da se pažljivom uporabom jezika može izbjeći cenzura i posredno rješavati suvremene probleme. Tutta casa, letto e chiesa zbirka je monologa, namijenjena prije svega ženama, koja podržava feminističke ideale i ideale ravnopravnosti. Protagonistice u djelu razlikuju se prema svojim vanjskim obilježjima kao što su dob i društvene uloge koje imaju (majka, kćer, supruga .), ali se suprotstavljaju tradiciji i navikama koje se najčešće prihvaćaju kao da su uobičajene i normalne. Likovi su linearni, čak i ako bi u teoriji mogli biti složeni, ponašaju se kao promatrači i žrtve svojih društvenih okolnosti. Oni se trude dati kritiku društva, ali drugi ih rijetko slušaju, jer im se čini da su u sukobu sami sa sobom. Likovi i njihov način razmišljanja razvijaju se paralelno s društvom u kojem pokušavaju naći utočište i biti sretni, ali na kraju je očito da je jedina stvarnost koja je bitna u umu svakog pojedinca. ; The main theme of master's thesis is the social criticism of Dario Fo, a Nobel Prize recipient, who often collaborated with his wife and muse Franca Rame, thus creating many provocative and fun works including All house, bed and church. The couple recognized humor as a character strength that can improve the quality of life. Always through laughter, with his exaggerated humor, he approached the social problems of the oppressed and troubled people . Since he and Rame survived many difficulties, his works were characterised by authenticity and an almost aggressive spirit towards the ruling system in Italy, towards the corrupt politicians, the manipulators and the corrupters. Humor can be found in the most unusual, unexpected and dangerous places that reek of family violence, opportunism, sexism and terror. With their All house, bed and church they have confirmed that language can reinvent reality, demonstrate it as fantastic or invented , thus avoid the censorship and try to solve contemporary problems indirectly. All house, bed and church is a collection of monologues, intended primarily for women to support feminist and egalitarian ideals. The protagonists in the work differ in their external features such as age and social roles they have (a mother, a daughter, a wife .), but have in common the way they contradict the tradition and habits that are most commonly taken as normal with a macabre sense of humor. The characters are linear, even when complex in theory, they behave like spectators or victims of their social circumstances. They may try to criticise, but others rarely listen to them, as they seem to be in conflict with themselves. The characters and their way of thinking develop alongside the society, in which they are trying to find a refuge and be happy, but in the end it is obvious that the only reality that matters is in the mind of each individual.

In the presidential debates, each candidate conveyed ideas, claims, and criticism. The wordsused can be a speech act that refers to the basic units of communication in which utterances areviewed as social acts that fulfil social functions. This study investigates types and function of thespeech act of representatives and the strong feelings expressed in the speech act. Speech act ofrepresentative refers to acts in which the words state what the speakers believes to be the case;and these can be found in the presidential debates. In the presidential debates, each candidateconveyed ideas, claims, and criticism. According to Searle (1976) there five types of speech acts,they are representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration. Every utterance thatrefers to asserting, informing, reporting, claiming, and fact stating can be said as representativespeech acts in which words delivered based on what the speaker believes to be the case.(Cutting, 2003). Furthermore, each of the speech act of representative can be followed by theemotional expressions like anger, sadness, joy, and fear. In this research, the writer analyzed thebasic emotions expressed in each types of representative speech acts. Some theories used toobserved the basic emotions are Parrot (2001): Fiehler (2002); Yanti (2013).The method used in analyzing the research is qualitative method that refers scientificmethod of observation to collect types of representative speech acts and basic emotion. It refersto the meaning, concepts, definitions, and drawing conclusions. Data were taken from threetranscripts of the 2016 US presidential debates posted on the web Washington Post. The writerobserved three transcripts of the 2016 US Presidential Debates between Donald Trump andHillary Clinton in terms of utterances that refers to the representative speech acts and basicemotions expressed through the words used by both of them. Then, the procedures done werecollecting, classifying the data based on the purpose of the study, analyzing those classified data,interpreting the result of data analysis, and drew a conclusion.The results show that there are a number of types of representative speech act used, forexample asserting, reporting, informing, claiming, and fact stating. These are influenced byvarious contexts in terms of physical context, epistemic context, and linguistic context. Fromthose types used, the writer found that asserting used by both of Hillary Clinton and DonaldTrump in terms of repetition to assert their opinions. In the type of speech act informing HillaryClinton gives the information she had previously thought and implicitly. In type speech actsinforming Donald Trump gives the information directly to the point of discussion. In the speechacts claiming, Clinton claimed about what she had done, or her success. Similarly, Trump also Inclaimed what he had done but he tend to praise himself. Related to the basic emotions expressed,the writer found three basic emotions in the representative speech acts based on Parrot's theorythey are Joy, Anger, and Sadness. In types of asserting the emotions of Hillary Clinton areoptimism, as a part of the primary emotion Joy; rejection as part of the primary emotion ofSadness, guilt (sadness), being annoyed (anger), exasperation (anger). Then, in the speech act ofreporting is the emotion of being disappointed (sadness). Other basic emotions expressed byClinton were are optimism (joy), pride (joy), disappointed (sadness), enthusiasm (joy) ininforming speech act representative. And, basic emotions expressed by Trump in the types ofspeech act of asserting were rejection (Sadness), optimism (Joy), exasperation (Anger), pride(Joy). In types of informing were feeling displeasure (Sadness), optimism (Joy), loathing(Anger), grumpiness (Anger), enthusiasm (Joy), and pride (Joy); and many other basic emotionsexpressed by both of the candidates.From the explanation, the writer can draw a conclusion that the basic emotions expressed ineach type of the representative speech acts. In asserting, the basic emotion of Joy, Sadness,Anger expressed by both of the candidates. In types of reporting Hillary Clinton tends to showthe basic emotions of Joy, that is strong feeling of optimism. In the speech acts of informing theemotions expressed were Joy and Sadness and Anger. The difference emotional expression fromboth of the candidates were sadness emotions. Hillary Clinton tends to inform something withdisappointed emotions (sadness) and Donald Trump tends to conveyed displeasure emotions.Trump usually informed something with anger expressions, namely loathing, grumpiness andexasperation. He showed his exasperation with the previous government differ from HillaryClinton. To claim something the emotion by both candidates is the same, namely (joy) pride and(joy) optimism. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, both of them felt proud of themselves andoptimism they would be voted as a president. In types of Fact stating by both candidates have thesame feeling, joy emotion and anger emotion. But, Donald Trump tends to show anger emotionsby using sarcastic words and tends to feel exaggerating to say the facts. He showed the facts andtried to convince people with the facts with his strong feeling of anger. From the data, the writertend to say that From that Clinton is more calm person and tends not to show her emotions inpublic. Meanwhile, Trump is more resolute and straight to the point with his words. Finally, theresearch is useful for people who study language in terms of words delivered have anillocutionary act to make people do something; the words are not only use as saying things butalso doing things. For further research, it is very interesting to study other aspects, such aslanguage use as representative of ideology, character, and politeness.Keywords: Speech act of Representative, Basic emotions, Types, The 2016 US presidentialDebates

Politics and culture are forces in constant tension that influence the field of management and artistic production. This tension has been a determining factor in the Latin American nation-states, especially during the second half of the 20th century, when culture entered the orbit of public management as a resource. Without being oblivious to this issue, cultural managers, specifically film and performing arts producers, are agents whose activity is closely conditioned by the public interest. With the intention of making an approach to the relationship among culture, identity, politics, and society, this paper addresses the preliminary conditions that contributed to the fact that Argentina had its National Institute of Theater and its National Institute of Film and Audiovisual Arts in the nineties. The theater and the cinema, seen as mirrors of an ever changing Argentina, are catalysts of the cultural factor, which is a subject in permanent revision. From the formation of the State in the 19th century, taking into account the European migratory inflow at the beginning of the 20th century that brought specific social practices, to the contemporary omnivorous cultural consumers, culture has been an object of constant dispute. In this sense, the approach is deepened by incorporating some reflections on the processes of censorship and the projects of independent cultural production. Finally, we wrap this journey with the current conditions of independent production and the crossovers between languages. ; Política y cultura son fuerzas en tensión constante que influyen en el campo de la gestión y la producción artística. Esta tensión ha sido configurativa en los Estado-nación latinoamericanos, en especial en la segunda mitad del siglo XX cuando la cultura ingresa como recurso en las órbitas de la gestión pública. Sin ser ajenos a esta cuestión, los gestores culturales, en específico los productores de cine y artes escénicas, son agentes cuya actividad se ve estrechamente condicionada por el interés público. Con la intención de realizar una aproximación a la relación entre cultura, identidad, política y sociedad, en el presente escrito se abordan las condiciones preliminares que contribuyeron a que en la década de los noventa del siglo XX Argentina tuviera su Instituto Nacional de Teatro y su Instituto Nacional de Cine y Artes Audiovisuales. El teatro y el cine como espejos de una Argentina siempre cambiante son catalizadores de lo cultural que es un tema de permanente revisión. Desde la conformación del Estado en el siglo XIX, pasando por la afluencia inmigratoria europea de comienzos del siglo XX, la cual portó con ella prácticas sociales específicas, hasta los consumidores culturales omnívoros contemporáneos, la cultura es objeto de disputa constante. En este sentido, se profundiza el abordaje incorporando algunas reflexiones sobre los procesos de censura y los proyectos de producción cultural independiente. Corona este recorrido las condiciones actuales de producción independiente y los entrecruzamientos entre lenguajes. ; Politique et culture sont des forces en tension constante influençant le secteur de la gestion et de la production artistique. Cette situation exista dans les États-nations latino-américains principalement lors de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle lorsque la culture était considérée comme une ressource appartenant à la sphère de la gestion publique. Partie prenante de cette problématique, les élites culturelles, en particulier les producteurs de films et de spectacles, qui sont des agents dont l'activité est étroitement liée à l'intérêt public, réalisent une approximation de la relation entre culture, identité, politique et société, cet article aborde les conditions préliminaires ayant contribué à la création dans les années 1990, de l'Institut national argentin du théâtre,du cinéma et des arts audiovisuels. Le théâtre et le cinéma, miroirs d'une Argentine en constante évolution, sont des catalyseurs du fait culturel, objet d'un examen permanent. Depuis la formation de l'État argentin au XIXe siècle, en passant par l'afflux d'une immigration européenne au début du XXe siècle entraînant des pratiques sociales spécifiques de la part des consommateurs culturels, la culture a fait l'objet de contestation récurrentes. En ce sens, notre approche intègre certaines réflexions sur les processus de censure et les projets de production culturelle indépendante. Enfin, ce travail analysera les conditions actuelles de la production indépendante et les intersections linguistiques. ; Política e cultura são forças em tensão constante que influenciam o campo da gerência e da produção artística. Esta tensão tem sido presente nos países latino-americanos, em especial na segunda metade do século XX quando a cultura ingressa como recurso nas órbitas do gerenciamento público. Sem ser alheios a esta questão, os gestores culturais, em específico os produtores de cinema e de artes cênicas, são agentes cuja atividade se vê estreitamente condicionada pelo interesse público. Com a intenção de realizar uma aproximação à relação entre cultura, identidade, política e sociedade, no presente escrito abordam-se as condições preliminares que contribuíram a que na década dos noventa do século XX Argentina tivesse seu Instituto Nacional de Teatro e seu Instituto Nacional de Cinema e Artes Audiovisuais. O teatro e o cinema como espelhos de uma Argentina sempre cambiante são catalizadores do cultural que é um tema de permanente revisão. Desde a formação do Estado no século XIX, passando pela afluência imigratória europeia de começos do século XX, a qual trouxe com ela práticas sociais específicas, até os consumidores culturais omnívoros contemporâneos, a cultura é objeto de disputa constante. Neste sentido, aprofunda-se a abordagem incorporando algumas reflexões sobre os processos de censura e os projetos de produção cultural independente. O ponto alto deste percurso são as condições atuais de produção independente e os entrecruzamentos entre linguagens.

Esta articulo lleva por título JAQUE MATE A LA DESERCIÓN ESCOLAR, es producto de la investigación denominada JAQUE MATE A LA DESESCOLARIZACIÓN, CARACTERÍSTICAS DE RIESGO POR BAJO RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO Y PROBLEMAS DE CONVIVENCIA tiene como objetivo principal analizar las características de riesgo de desescolarización por bajo rendimiento académico y problemas de convivencia para promover la permanencia estudiantil en estudiantes de Básica Secundaria en la IE Oficial Técnica José Joaquín Casas de Chía. A su vez vinculada a línea de investigación Educación y Sociedad. El diseño metodológico abordo el paradigma socio-critico desde un enfoque holístico y tipo de estudio descriptivo analítico. En el trayecto y en coherencia con los objetivos dio lugar a 3 instrumentos, entre ellos: Encuesta de percepción, Guía de observación desde tres categorías interacciones sociales, lenguaje, emocionalidad y Guía de encuentro de apropiación aplicados a una muestra de 35 estudiantes de grados sexto a noveno. Se puede analizar que el bajo rendimiento académico y los problemas de convivencia son productos condicionados por múltiples variables, factores – individuales, familiares e institucionales- y circunstancias relacionadas algunas veces con fallas en la organización de actividades por parte del estudiante como errores en la planificación de los estudios, igualmente, el autoconcepto, repetición de curso, la importancia de las expectativas, la motivación, los factores emocionales, el antiautoritarismo, la comprensión verbal, la capacidad intelectual, entre otros, es decir las problemáticos de los niños, adolescentes en algunos colegios se ha domesticado en parámetros culturalmente aceptados de patriarcalismo, competencia y ganancia, controlados por un sistema anti humano donde no tiene cabida las críticas reflexivas, y autocríticas para auto reformar la esencia del ser humano. ; TABLA DE CONTENIDO Resumen Abstract Introducción I: Capítulo 1ro. "Pieza tocada, pieza movida; pieza soltada, pieza jugada. Un rey no puede dar jaque a otro rey" 1. Planteamiento del problema 1.1.Descripción del problema 1.2. Formulación del problema 1.3. Objetivos 1.3.1. General 1.3.2. Específicos 1.4. Justificación 1.5.Línea de investigación 1.6. Alcances y Limitaciones II Capítulo 2do. "Todavía no sabemos jugar, sólo movemos madera". O "mejor que ganar es comprender" 2. Marco de referencia 2.1. Antecedentes o Estado del Arte 2.1.1. Deserción Escolar 2.1.2. Deserción escolar en América Latina 2.1.3. Deserción escolar en Colombia 2.1.4. Dimensiones de la deserción escolar en Colombia 2.1.5. Deserción escolar en Cundinamarca 2.1.6. Causas de deserción escolar según la Encuesta Nacional de Deserción 2.1.7. Caracterización de desertores 2.1.8. Análisis de la Deserción 2.1.9. Estrategias de Permanencia 2.1.10. Frente a atención educativa a población vulnerable y fortalecimiento de la pertinencia educativa. 2.1.11. Frente al uso del tiempo libre 2.1.12. El tema de convivencia en el nivel internacional 3. Marco Conceptual 3.1.La complejidad del rendimiento académico se inicia desde su conceptualización. 4 3.2. Enfoques de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico. 3.3.La convivencia escolar un hecho necesario e inevitable 3.4. Tipos de problemas que deterioran la convivencia escolar. 3.5. El desinterés académico, por parte del estudiante. 3.6. Disruptividad, uno de los problemas de convivencia. 3.7. Conductas agresivas hacia los compañeros/as. 3.8. La conducta indisciplinada y/o el comportamiento. 3.9. Conductas antisociales, es el extremo. 3.10 Estudios e investigaciones relevantes en el tema de rendimiento escolar relacionado con problemas de convivencia. 4. Marco Normativo 4.1. Intervención de las secretarías de educación 4.2.Cinco dimensiones de exclusión 4.3.En Colombia se habla de desescolarización 5. Marco Contextual 5.1.Breve reseña histórica de la Institución educativa 5.2. Información del establecimiento educativo III. Capítulo Tro. "El rey está atrapado" o "el rey no tiene escapatoria" 6. Diseño metodológico 6.1.Paradigma 6.2.Enfoque 6.3.Tipo de estudio 6.4.Diseño 6.5.Etapas, en la construcción de instrumentos 6.6.Población – muestra IV: Capítulo Crto. "La Dama, protege al rey, la pieza más importante." 7. Análisis de información 7.1.Convivencia escolar 7.1.1. Interacciones sociales – estudiantes 7.1.2. Emocionalidad – estudiantes 7.2.Rendimiento académico 7.2.1. Determinantes psicológicos 7.2.2. Determinantes sociológicos 7.2.3. Determinantes pedagógicos 5 7.3.Correlación entre convivencia escolar y rendimiento académico 7.4.El rendimiento académico frente a la solución de conflictos 7.5.Repercusiones familiares en manifestación emocional de estudiantes 7.5.1. Factores individuales 7.5.2. Factores familiares 7.5.3. Factores institucionales 7.5.4. Factores regionales y contextuales 8. Conclusiones y recomendaciones Referencias Bibliográfica ; This proposal is titled JAQUE MATE A LA DESESCOLARIZACIÓN, its main objective is to analyze the characteristics of risk of deschooling due to low academic performance and problems of coexistence to promote student permanence in Secondary School students in the Technical Officer José Joaquín Casas de Chía . Linked to the Education and Society research line. The methodological design addressed the socio-critical paradigm from a holistic approach and type of analytical descriptive study. In the journey and in coherence with the objectives gave rise to 3 instruments, including: Survey of perception, Observation guide from three categories social interactions, language, emotionality and appropriation meeting guide applied to a sample of 35 sixth grade students to ninth. It can be analyzed that low academic performance and problems of coexistence are products conditioned by multiple variables, factors - individual, family and institutional - and circumstances sometimes related to failures in the organization of activities by the student as errors in the planning of studies, likewise, self-concept, repetition of the course, the importance of expectations, motivation, emotional factors, anti-authoritarianism, verbal comprehension, intellectual capacity, among others, that is, the problems of children, adolescents in some schools have been domesticated in culturally accepted parameters of patriarchalism, competition and gain, controlled by an anti-human system where reflexive criticism does not belong, and self-criticism to self-reform the essence of the human being.