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Intro -- Normativity in Language and Linguistics -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Norms and normativity in language and linguistics: Basic concepts and contextualisation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Concepts and terms -- 2.1 Norms in general -- 2.2 Rules and principles: Central features -- 3. A historical perspective -- 4. The present volume: Outline and contextualisation -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Concerning the scope of normativity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Generalities -- 2.1 Truth as norm -- 2.2 On knowledge and belief -- 2.3 The dual nature of beliefs -- 2.4 Descriptive vs. prescriptive attitude vis-à-vis norms -- 3. Semantics -- 3.1 Necessary truth as the basis of philosophical/linguistic semantics -- 3.2 Necessary truth as an exemplification of normativity -- 3.3 Normativity prevails over psychology/cognition -- 3.4 Linguistic vs. cognitive semantics -- 4. Rational explanation -- 4.1 Definition -- 4.2 Justification in three different situations -- 4.2.1 No laws -- 4.2.2 Statistical laws -- 4.2.3 Universal (= deterministic) laws -- 4.3 Theoretical vs. practical reasoning -- 4.3.1 Two inverse types of inference -- 4.3.2 Sufficient vs. necessary conclusions of practical reasoning -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5. The implicit normativity of everyday life -- 6. Epilogue -- References -- Norms of language: What kinds and where from? Insights from phenomenology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some basic concepts and insights of phenomenology -- 2.1 What is phenomenology? -- 2.2 Intentionality and intuition -- 2.3 Operative intentionality and embodied intersubjectivity -- 2.4 Life world, typification and sedimentation -- 2.5 Summary -- 3. Itkonen on language norms, accessible by intuitions -- 3.1 Norms of correctness and rationality -- 3.2 Intuitions and their objects.

"Definitions of heritage languages include the languages of migrant, indigenous, and national minorities. This chapter is concerned with migrant minorities. The EU is generally pictured as valuing multilingualism, as reflected by EU policies and citizen's attitudes. Nevertheless, when Europeans think and speak about protecting multilingualism, they do not necessarily have migrant languages in mind, although these are more numerous than other minorities in terms of both language diversity and number of speakers. The chapter summarizes linguistic research on HSs in Europe covering early childhood, primary school/adolescence and adulthood, making reference to (morpho-)syntax, phonology and vocabulary. The goal is to uncover common outcomes and missing links. The focus differs across these research areas, but crosslinguistic influence is a common denominator, and the examples witness that research has gone beyond highlighting differences between monolinguals and HSs. Scenarios suggest that HSs may anticipate or resist language change, and that adult HSs often stay within the limits of what is possible in the baseline or related varieties. I conclude by pointing out the lack of comparisons across generations, an overrepresentation of specific languages families, and by suggesting that research drawing analogies with other situations of language contact and change are highly desirable"--

An examination of various discourse genres, showing how choices among linguistic resources are mediated by self-expressive choices. Linguistic consistency across various situations is discussed with the question of how, if language is fundamentally idiosyncratic, people can understand one another

Chapter 1: Introduction (Yaron Matras and Anton Tenser) -- Chapter 2: The Historical Origins of Romani (Michael Beníšek) -- Chapter 3: Historical Sources on the Romani Language (Ignasi-Xavier Adiego) -- Chapter 4: Romani Lexicon (Andrea Scala) -- Chapter 5: Romani Phonology (Márton András Baló) -- Chapter 6: Romani Morphology (Viktor Elšík) -- Chapter 7: Romani Syntactic Typology (Evangelia Adamou and Yaron Matras) -- Chapter 8: The Impact of Turkish on Romani (Victor A. Friedman) -- Chapter 9: The Impact of Slavic Languages on Romani (Anna-Maria Meyer) -- Chapter 10: The Impact of Hungarian on Romani (Zuzana Bodnárová and Jakob Wiedner) -- Chapter 11: Romani and Contact Linguistics (Yaron Matras and Evangelia Adamou) -- Chapter 12: Para-Romani Varieties (Peter Bakker) -- Chapter 13: Romani Dialectology (Viktor Elšík and Michael Beníšek) -- Chapter 14: Language Policy and Planning in Romani (Dieter W. Halwachs) -- Chapter 15: Romani Bible Translation and the Use of Romani in Religious Contexts (Wilco van den Heuvel) -- Chapter 16: Romani in Child Directed Speech (Pavel Kubanik) -- Chapter 17: Romani on the Internet (Daniele Viktor Leggio) -- Chapter 18: Romani Language Literature (Sofiya Zahova).

The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The series considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.

The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The series considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.