Suchergebnisse

It is almost clear that digital content per sé it is not good or bad in relation of "minoritized" languages as it happens for knives, you can cut bred or kill someone. Let us analyse the process in a long-term perspective. Documents and different formats, media and alphabets survived for centuries and millennia reaching us as a legacy from past generations. They are still accessible, readable and mostly understandable. In Pompei (Naples) we can still read graffiti on plasters promoting a Roman politician or supporting a local sport team. Furthermore ancient minority languages such as Etruscan are still readable as well. What will happen in 50, 100 or more years to our documents and, much more concerning, to documents written in "minoritized" languages? As we already discussed on the occasion of the digital preservation meetings and related outcomes and recommendations, the future of digital assets it is not safe at all, digital media are disintegrating, logical formats disappear, and hardware has a short expectation of life. Apart from similar concerns, let's consider, as an assumption, that digital preservation problems will be cleared, which kind of documents, content, knowledge, "culture" will be transferred to future generations? How can we foresee the future not only of "minoritized" languages but also even of main languages that are not the dominant ones? What will happen to "minoritized" languages? Even if today translator, virtual keyboards, extended alphabets, and more really facilitate the creation and translation of documents written in a "minoritized" language into a different language, the concept itself of networking rely on a "common/shared" language. One possible scenario is "minoritized" languages will not "fully" enjoy the opportunities offered by the network while "main" languages and much more "dominant" languages will take full advantages from networking. Information, knowledge will be transmitted, shared mainly through main and dominant languages. Main information channels, research documents, cutting edge technologies will be coded in dominant language. Competitive advantage will be relevant for those who will master that language. This means that at the end the gap between the two realities will increase. If you want to be part of the "leading team", share knowledge and know how, you must write, read, and think in the dominant language.

The general theoretical issues of set phrases have yet to be studied at the level of the requirements of modern linguistics, the position of such language units has not been clearly defined, and their boundaries with other phrases remain uncertain. Issues such as the nature of set phrases, their formation, types, and attitude to other linguistic units, especially words and sentences, features of development, still need to be addressed in linguistics. The article's author explains that set phrases from the point of view of the language are the most exciting units that express the spirit of the people. The main features of stable combinations are their nominative and communicative functions. The author also discusses the differences between set phrases and complimentary combinations of words. Particular attention is paid to connecting complex term combinations to stable combinations.

Russian vocabulary is the most changeable language level. New vocabulary is a reflection of modern political, cultural and social changes and it may be interesting for different fields of linguistic science and, in our opinion, can be an extraordinary material for studying lexical norms and stylistic features of Russian language. Using new author's vocabulary (protologisms) as language material can be aimed at testing both students' theoretical knowledge of the Russian language and their ability to apply this knowledge in determining the lexical meaning of a word, the relationship of word formation methods with the meaning of a new word, its expressive function, morphological meaning, and the possibility of combining it with other words for inclusion in the structure of an utterance, depending on the sphere of communication. The purpose of this article is to describe ways to include a special category of words in the content of the discipline "Russian language and culture of speech": the author's vocabulary (protologisms). We assume this language material can be used to systematize students' knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian language and the stylistic features of these words. The object of study in this article are protologism as lexical units, which is a kind of new vocabulary of modern Russian language; the subject of research – the possibility of their use as a language material for teaching lexical and stylistic peculiarities of the Russian language.

In the article the mechanisms of legal regulation of French language are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to politicians in France, as initiators and developers of regulations in support of national language. Speech portraits of representatives of French political elite are considered,politiciansviolations of standardliterary French are identified. ; В статье анализируются механизмы законодательного регулирования французского языка. Особое внимание уделяется политическим деятелям Франции, выступающим инициаторами и разработчиками нормативных актов в поддержку национального языка. Рассматривается речевой портрет представителей французской политической элиты, выявляются случаи нарушения политиками литературной нормы французского языка.

The article discusses the role of reading as a form of speech deyatetelnosti in teaching foreign language in not language high school. Much attention is paid to the main types of reading, their classification and a brief description. The article emphasizes the importance of building students' reading skills with the help of the flexible use of modern computer technology.

Статья посвящена сравнительно-сопоставительному анализу употребления парцеллированных конструкций в трех языках: русском, чувашском и английском. Цель статьи - определить структурные и семантико-синтаксические особенности парцеллированных конструкций в рассматриваемых языках. Актуальность исследования обусловлена недостаточной изученностью данного явления в сравнительном аспекте. В результате проведенного анализа автор приходит к выводу, что парцеллированные конструкции в исследуемых языках обладают рядом общих структурных и семантических характеристик. Так, обнаружено, что парцеллят во всех исследуемых языках может выступать в функции подлежащего, сказуемого, определения, дополнения и обстоятельства. Кроме того, установлено, что порядок расположения компонентов в парцеллированной конструкции зависит от интенций автора и может быть абсолютно свободным. Типичной позицией парцеллята в предложении является препозиция или постпозиция. Семантические функции парцеллированных конструкций в исследуемых языках идентичны. Обнаружены структурно-грамматические особенности чувашских и английских парцеллированных конструкций. В результате анализа автор приходит к выводу, что подлежащее и определение в чувашском языке, в отличие от других членов предложения, отчленяются гораздо реже. Отличительной чертой английских парцеллированных конструкций является абсолютное синтаксическое разнообразие парцеллятов: нарушая нормы английской грамматики, любой член предложения в своей синтаксической позиции может отчличаться знаками препинания и разбивать предложение на отдельные парцелляты.
The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of parcelled constructions in three languages: Russian, Chuvash and English. The purpose of the article is to determine the structural and semantic-syntactic features of parcelled constructions in the studied languages. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of the phenomenon in the comparative aspect. As the result of the analysis the conclusion was made that parcelled constructions in the considered languages have a number of common features. Thus, the author found out that in all the studied languages the parcel can act as a subject, predicate, attribute, object or adverbial modifier. Besides, the order of the components in the parcelled construction in each studied language depends on the writing style of a particular author and can be completely arbitrary. A typical position of a parcel in a sentence is a preposition or postposition. The semantic functions of the parcelled constructions in the languages under consideration are identical. The author also discovered the structural and grammatical peculiarities of the Chuvash and English parcelled constructions. As a result of the analysis, it can be stated that the subject and attribute in the Chuvash language, unlike other members of the sentence, are separated much less often. A distinctive feature of the English parcelled constructions is the absolute syntactic diversity of parcels: violating the norms of English grammar, any sentence member in its syntactic position can be separated by punctuation marks and split the sentence into separate parcels.

Modern linguistic situation in the post-Soviet states is characterized by the processes when, on the one hand, the role of the national language as the state language is strengthened due to the political will, and, on the other hand, there exists an objective necessity and vital importance of the Russian language knowledge. These two trends create certain conflicts in the relationship between the languages, which affect the language situation in society, but also reflect on the linguistic consciousness of individuals. In this regard, on the material of the language situation inKyrgyzstan, the article discusses the phenomenon of bilingual language consciousness, analyzes its different types, describes the mechanism of code-switching, which becomes one of the most common forms of communication and linguistic existence of the individual. Language and cultural processes, which are actively happening inKyrgyzstandue to the influence of new social and economic relations, lead to formation of various linguo-cultural types – groups of language personalities, and this situation leads to society's layering. ; Современная языковая ситуация в постсоветских государствах характеризуется активизацией процессов, когда, с одной стороны, благодаря проводимой политике усиливается роль национальных языков как государственных в жизни общества, а с другой – существует объективная необходимость и жизненная важность знания русского языка. Эти две тенденции становятся причиной столкновений и создают определенные коллизии во взаимоотношениях между данными языками, что не только влияет на языковую ситуацию в социуме, но и отражается на языковом сознании личностей. В этой связи на материале языковой ситуации Кыргызстана в статье рассматривается феномен билингвального языкового сознания, анализируются различные его типы, описывается механизм кодовых переключений, которые становятся одной из распространенных форм общения и языкового существования личности. Лингвокультурные процессы, активно происходящие в Кыргызстане под влиянием новых социально-экономических отношений, приводят к формированию различных лингвокультурных типажей – групп языковых личностей, что приводит к расслоению общества

The topic relevance is justified by the mankind intention to protecting and reviving a native language as a process of saving a self-identity and an authentic culture, the modern tendencies on reducing globalization risks regarding the regional and minor languages, search for new effective ways to facilitate and develop them in the modern world. The paper deals with the modern language and education policy of Wales regarding the Welsh language with further adoption of the best practice. The basic methods of the current research are the contrastive analysis of the statutory acts of the government of Wales regarding the results achieved that allow bringing to light the main tendencies and evidences of Welsh in the education sphere of Wales, methods of analysis, synthesis, and systematization. The synthesis of the analysis results shows the trends and handicaps in the implementation process and facilitating the Welsh functional potential in the education system. The statistics analysis of

Recent government decisions to expand English language instruction in Algerian schools, though seemingly educational in nature, are only the latest developments in a longstanding national dispute.

The past and present diversity of the Chinese-speaking world, as well as different history of Sinological studies, in particular, in Russia and in the West, caused the appearance of a complicated varying terminology used in modern Chinese linguistics. The term 国 语 guóyǔ "state language" ("national language") was officially introduced for Chinese at the beginning of the 20th century, but in the PRC it was replaced by a more "democratic" word 普通话 pǔtōnghuà "common language" ("common speech", "Standard Mandarin"). With the beginning of the period of "reform and opening up", the term guóyǔ was not restored in mainland China, however the word 国家 guójiā "state" is widely used in a close connection with pǔtōnghuà in official documents. Recently, the modern term "dialects" was officially added to almost all traditional words for ten Chinese dialect groups, i. e. "Sinitic languages" in many Western publications.

In article the incentive modality in Russian language picture of the world on a design example a predicative + an infinitive is analyzed. Research of modeling synonyms showed unevenness of a modal language picture of the world of Russian: intention and need prevalence and obligation reduction

Целью данного исследования является изучение структурных и функциональных особенностей примеров переключения и смешения кодов в устной речи билингвов, проживающих в иноязычной среде длительное время (от трех лет). Переключение кодов является не дефектом языковой личности, а следствием билингвизма говорящего. Однако слишком частое использование неосознанного переключения на другой код может говорить о проявлении начальной стадии языковой аттриции матричного языка. В настоящей работе исследуются причины возникновения и последствия влияния языковой аттриции, а также связь между переключением кодов и аттрицией матричного языка. Изучение процесса влияния языковой аттриции является важной частью лингвистики как науки. Данные настоящего исследования были получены в результате проведенного опроса, целью которого было осознание границы между позитивным использованием смешения кодов и негативным проявлением языковой аттриции. Кроме того, в настоящей статье рассматриваются методы, которые могут значительно улучшить общение между людьми, преодолевающими языковую аттрицию. Основное внимание уделяется методам обучения иностранным языкам, которые используются в цифровом образовании с целью развития языковой личности. Обращение к концепции игровых технологий позволяет создать проект лингвотренажера, который может помочь билингвам, страдающим от языковой аттриции.
This research aims to explore structural and functional features of examples of code-switching and code-mixing in the speech of bilinguals who have been living in a foreign language environment for a long time (for over three years). Code-switching is not a defect of linguistic personality since it is a consequence of the speaker's bilingualism. However, too frequent unconscious use of code-mixing may be the beginning of the appearance of first language attrition. This study investigates the causes and effects of language attrition influence, as well as the connection between code-blending and first language attrition. Understanding the influence of language attrition is an important endeavor for the field of linguistics, and the accomplishment that can aid people in many ways. The data was obtained as a result of the conducted survey that was aimed to realize the boundary between usage of code-blending and suffering from language attrition. Also, this article addresses the methods which can significantly improve the communication between people who struggle with language attrition. It focuses on the methods of teaching foreign languages which are used in digital education to develop the linguistic personality. Appealing to the concept of gaming technology allows to create and use the language app project that can help people who suffer from first language attrition.

What is it about humans that makes language possible, and what is it about language that makes us human? If you are reading this, you have done something that only our species has evolved to do. You have acquired a natural language. This book asks, How has this changed us? Where scholars have long wondered what it is about humans that makes language possible, N. J. Enfield and Jack Sidnell ask instead, What is it about humans that is made possible by language? In Consequences of Language, their objective is to understand what modern language really is and to identify its logical and conceptual consequences for social life. Central to this undertaking is the concept of intersubjectivity, the open sharing of subjective experience. There is, Enfield and Sidnell contend, a uniquely human form of intersubjectivity, and it is essentially intertwined with language in two ways: a primary form of intersubjectivity was necessary for language to have begun evolving in our species in the first place and then language, through its defining reflexive properties, transformed the nature of our intersubjectivity. In the authors' analysis, social accountability—the bedrock of society—is grounded in this linguistically transformed, enhanced kind of intersubjectivity. The account of the language-mind-society connection put forward in Consequences of Language is one of unprecedented reach, suggesting new connections across disciplines centrally concerned with language—from anthropology and philosophy to sociology and cognitive science—and among those who would understand the foundational role of language in making us human

The aim of the investigation is to denote the necessity of strengthening of the Russian language position as one of the strategic humanitarian priorities of the Russian Federation. Methods. The methods involve the analysis and generalisation of the documents' content in the last two years, concerning problems of the Russian language and the Russian literature. Results. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia takes active and comprehensive measures to support the Russian language and its spread around the world. At the same time, the Russian Government has approved a number of relevant documents, established the Council on the Russian language under the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as established the Council on the Russian language under the President of the Russian Federation. The large-scale package of measures aimed at promotion of the Russian language as an official language and as a language of international communication, as well as at supporting the Russian language abroad, has been implemented in the framework of the three federal target Russian language programs. However, the analysis of implementation of the mentioned above programs, as well as received social effects and current practice does not provide relevant solutions for the major problems and does not always correspond to the rapidly changing realities. Practical significance. The perspective directions of the state language policy in the field of the Russian language and literature are specified and formulated: the analysis of the programs and projects aimed at the development, distribution and support of the Russian language; providing coordination of actions of executive authorities in the presented study; improvement of the Russian language studying quality in schools in accordance with features of the general education in the national republics; professional level improvement of teachers of the Russian language; preservation of national languages of Russia; scientific studying and codification of the modern language, promoting of scientific knowledge of Russian and languages of the people of the Russian Federation; support expansion of the private initiatives connected with preservation and development of Russian in neighboring countries; creation of base for studying of Russian by foreign experts and labor migrants; cooperation with foreign specialists in the Russian philology, translators of the Russian literature and teachers of Russian ; Цель публикации – обозначить необходимость укрепления позиций русского языка как одного из гуманитарных стратегических приоритетов нашего государства. Методы и актуальность работы. Анализ и обобщение содержания появившихся в последние два года документов, касающихся проблем русского языка и отечественной литературы. Результаты. Показано, что с начала XXI в. Россия активно осуществляет системные меры по поддержке своего национального языка и его распространению в мире. Руководством страны принят ряд соответствующих актов, создан Совет по русскому языку при Правительстве РФ и соответствующий Совет при Президенте России. Масштабный комплекс мероприятий, направленных на поддержку функций русского языка как государственного и как межнационального средства общения, был реализован в ходе выполнения трех федеральных целевых программ. Вместе с тем анализ реализации этих программ выявил, что полученные социальные эффекты и текущая практика не в полной мере обеспечивают решение важнейших задач и не всегда соответствуют стремительно меняющимся реалиям. Практическая значимость. Уточнены и сформулированы перспективные направления государственной языковой политики в области русского языка и литературы: анализ программ и проектов, направленных на развитие, распространение и поддержку русского языка; обеспечение координации действий органов исполнительной власти в данной работе; улучшение качества изучения русского языка в школе с учетом особенностей общего образования в национальных республиках; повышение профессионального уровня преподавателей русского языка; сохранение национальных языков России; научное изучение и кодификация современного языка, популяризация научных знаний о русском языке и языках народов Российской Федерации; расширение поддержки частных инициатив, связанных с сохранением и развитием русского языка в странах ближнего зарубежья; создание базы для изучения русского языка иностранными специалистами и трудовыми мигрантами; сотрудничество с зарубежными русистами, переводчиками русской литературы и преподавателями русского языка

The aim of the investigation is to denote the necessity of strengthening of the Russian language position as one of the strategic humanitarian priorities of the Russian Federation.Methods. The methods involve the analysis and generalisation of the documents' content in the last two years, concerning problems of the Russian language and the Russian literature.Results. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia takes active and comprehensive measures to support the Russian language and its spread around the world. At the same time, the Russian Government has approved a number of relevant documents, established the Council on the Russian language under the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as established the Council on the Russian language under the President of the Russian Federation. The large-scale package of measures aimed at promotion of the Russian language as an official language and as a language of international communication, as well as at supporting the Russian language abroad, has been implemented in the framework of the three federal target Russian language programs. However, the analysis of implementation of the mentioned above programs, as well as received social effects and current practice does not provide relevant solutions for the major problems and does not always correspond to the rapidly changing realities.Practical significance. The perspective directions of the state language policy in the field of the Russian language and literature are specified and formulated: the analysis of the programs and projects aimed at the development, distribution and support of the Russian language; providing coordination of actions of executive authorities in the presented study; improvement of the Russian language studying quality in schools in accordance with features of the general education in the national republics; professional level improvement of teachers of the Russian language; preservation of national languages of Russia; scientific studying and codification of the modern language, promoting of scientific knowledge of Russian and languages of the people of the Russian Federation; support expansion of the private initiatives connected with preservation and development of Russian in neighboring countries; creation of base for studying of Russian by foreign experts and labor migrants; cooperation with foreign specialists in the Russian philology, translators of the Russian literature and teachers of Russian. ; Цель публикации – обозначить необходимость укрепления позиций русского языка как одного из гуманитарных стратегических приоритетов нашего государства.Методы и актуальность работы. Анализ и обобщение содержания появившихся в последние два года документов, касающихся проблем русского языка и отечественной литературы.Результаты. Показано, что с начала XXI в. Россия активно осуществляет системные меры по поддержке своего национального языка и его распространению в мире. Руководством страны принят ряд соответствующих актов, создан Совет по русскому языку при Правительстве РФ и соответствующий Совет при Президенте России. Масштабный комплекс мероприятий, направ- ленных на поддержку функций русского языка как государственного и как межнационального средства общения, был реализован в ходе выполнения трех федеральных целевых программ. Вместе с тем анализ реализации этих программ выявил, что полученные социальные эффекты и текущая практика не в полной мере обеспечивают решение важнейших задач и не всегда соответствуют стремительно меняющимся реалиям.Практическая значимость. Уточнены и сформулированы перспективные направления государственной языковой политики в области русского языка и литературы: анализ программ и проектов, направленных на развитие, распространение и поддержку русского языка; обеспечение координации действий органов исполнительной власти в данной работе; улучшение качества изучения русского языка в школе с учетом особенностей общего образо- вания в национальных республиках; повышение профессионального уровня преподавателей русского языка; сохранение национальных языков России; научное изучение и кодификация современного языка, популяризация научных знаний о русском языке и языках народов Российской Федерации; расширение поддержки частных инициатив, связанных с сохранением и развитием русского языка в странах ближнего зарубежья; создание базы для изучения русского языка иностранными специалистами и трудовыми мигрантами; сотрудничество с зарубежными русистами, переводчиками русской литературы и преподавателями русского языка.